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January

*
January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...
New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs:
Manhattan Manhattan ( ) is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the Boroughs of New York City, five boroughs of New York City. Coextensive with New York County, Manhattan is the County statistics of the United States#Smallest, larg ...
,
Brooklyn Brooklyn is a Boroughs of New York City, borough of New York City located at the westernmost end of Long Island in the New York (state), State of New York. Formerly an independent city, the borough is coextensive with Kings County, one of twelv ...
,
Queens Queens is the largest by area of the Boroughs of New York City, five boroughs of New York City, coextensive with Queens County, in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York. Located near the western end of Long Island, it is bordered by the ...
,
The Bronx The Bronx ( ) is the northernmost of the five Boroughs of New York City, boroughs of New York City, coextensive with Bronx County, in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York. It shares a land border with Westchester County, New York, West ...
and
Staten Island Staten Island ( ) is the southernmost of the boroughs of New York City, five boroughs of New York City, coextensive with Richmond County and situated at the southernmost point of New York (state), New York. The borough is separated from the ad ...
. *
January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the ra ...
– Novelist
Émile Zola Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (, ; ; 2 April 184029 September 1902) was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of Naturalism (literature), naturalism, and an important contributor to ...
's
open letter An open letter is a Letter (message), letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience, or a letter intended for an individual, but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally. Open letters usually take the form of a letter (mess ...
to the President of the French Republic on the Dreyfus affair, , is published on the front page of the Paris daily newspaper , accusing the government of wrongfully imprisoning Alfred Dreyfus and of
antisemitism Antisemitism or Jew-hatred is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who harbours it is called an antisemite. Whether antisemitism is considered a form of racism depends on the school of thought. Antisemi ...
.


February

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February 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular. * 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...
– The automobile belonging to Henry Lindfield of
Brighton Brighton ( ) is a seaside resort in the city status in the United Kingdom, city of Brighton and Hove, East Sussex, England, south of London. Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze Age Britain, Bronze Age, R ...
rolls out of control down a hill in Purley, London, England, and hits a tree; thus he becomes the world's first fatality from an automobile accident on a public highway. *
February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Ti ...
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
: The explodes and sinks in
Havana Havana (; ) is the capital and largest city of Cuba. The heart of La Habana Province, Havana is the country's main port and commercial center.Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...
, for reasons never fully established, killing 266 men. The event precipitates the United States' declaration of war on Spain, two months later. *
February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone o ...
Émile Zola Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (, ; ; 2 April 184029 September 1902) was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of Naturalism (literature), naturalism, and an important contributor to ...
is imprisoned in France, after writing .


March

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March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...
Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of ...
creates the
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDWP) or the Russian Social Democratic Party (RSDP), was a socialist political party founded in 1898 in Minsk, Russian Empire. The ...
in
Minsk Minsk (, ; , ) is the capital and largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach (Berezina), Svislach and the now subterranean Nyamiha, Niamiha rivers. As the capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is the administra ...
*
March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the H ...
Association football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 Football player, players who almost exclusively use their feet to propel a Ball (association football), ball around a rectangular f ...
and sports club BSC Young Boys is established in
Bern Bern (), or Berne (), ; ; ; . is the ''de facto'' Capital city, capital of Switzerland, referred to as the "federal city".; ; ; . According to the Swiss constitution, the Swiss Confederation intentionally has no "capital", but Bern has gov ...
, Switzerland, as the '' Young Boys''. *
March 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York. * 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse to recant are burnt to death after the Fall of Montségur. * 1355 – Amidst the Red Turban Rebellions, Han Lin'er, ...
– In
Melbourne Melbourne ( , ; Boonwurrung language, Boonwurrung/ or ) is the List of Australian capital cities, capital and List of cities in Australia by population, most populous city of the States and territories of Australia, Australian state of Victori ...
the representatives of five colonies adopt a
constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these pri ...
, which will become the basis of the
Commonwealth of Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It has a total area of , making it the sixth-largest country in ...
. * March 24 – Robert Allison of Port Carbon, Pennsylvania, becomes the first person to buy an American-built automobile, when he buys a Winton automobile that has been advertised in ''
Scientific American ''Scientific American'', informally abbreviated ''SciAm'' or sometimes ''SA'', is an American popular science magazine. Many scientists, including Albert Einstein and Nikola Tesla, have contributed articles to it, with more than 150 Nobel Pri ...
''. *
March 26 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 624 – First Eid al-Fitr celebration. * 1021 – The death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret ...
– The Sabie Game Reserve in South Africa is created, as the first officially designated
game reserve A game reserve (also known as a game park) is a large area of land where wild animals are hunted in a controlled way for sport. If hunting is prohibited, a game reserve may be considered a nature reserve; however, the focus of a game reserve ...
.


April

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April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921), second Fatimid invasion of Medieval Egypt, Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, Al-Qa'im (Fa ...
Annie Oakley promotes the service of women in combat situations, with the United States military. On this day, she writes a letter to President McKinley "offering the government the services of a company of 50 'lady sharpshooters' who would provide their own arms and ammunition should war break out with Spain." *
April 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Ãlvares Cabral lands in Brazil ( discovery of Brazil). * 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. * 1529 – Treaty of Zara ...
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
: The United States Navy begins a
blockade A blockade is the act of actively preventing a country or region from receiving or sending out food, supplies, weapons, or communications, and sometimes people, by military force. A blockade differs from an embargo or sanction, which are ...
of
Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...
n ports and the captures a Spanish merchant ship. * April 23
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
: A conference of senior
Spanish Navy The Spanish Navy, officially the Armada, is the Navy, maritime branch of the Spanish Armed Forces and one of the oldest active naval forces in the world. The Spanish Navy was responsible for a number of major historic achievements in navigation ...
officers led by naval minister Segismundo Bermejo decide to send Admiral Pascual Cervera's squadron to Cuba and Puerto Rico. * April 25 **
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
: The United States declares war on Spain; the U.S. Congress announces that a state of war has existed since
April 21 Events Pre-1600 * 753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is mur ...
(later backdating this one more day to
April 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. 1601–1900 * 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament. * 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
). ** In
Essen Essen () is the central and, after Dortmund, second-largest city of the Ruhr, the largest urban area in Germany. Its population of makes it the fourth-largest city of North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne, Düsseldorf and Dortmund, as well as ...
, German company RWE is founded. * April 26 – An explosion in
Santa Cruz, California Santa Cruz (Spanish language, Spanish for "Holy Cross") is the largest city and the county seat of Santa Cruz County, California, Santa Cruz County, in Northern California. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the city population ...
, kills 13 workers, at the California Powder Works. *
April 29 Events Pre-1600 * 801 – An earthquake in the Central Apennines hits Rome and Spoleto, damaging the basilica of San Paolo Fuori le Mura. * 1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Kom ...
– The Paris Auto Show, the first large-scale commercial vehicle exhibition show, is held in Tuileries Garden.


May

* May 1
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
Battle of Manila Bay: Commodore Dewey destroys the Spanish squadron, in the first battle of the war, as well as the first battle in the Philippines Campaign. *
May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first royal charter. * 1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and impris ...
– Thousands of Chinese scholars and Beijing citizens seeking reforms protest in front of the
capital control Capital controls are residency-based measures such as transaction taxes, other limits, or outright prohibitions that a nation's government can use to regulate flows from capital markets into and out of the country's capital account. These meas ...
yuan. * May 79Bava Beccaris massacre: Hundreds of demonstrators are killed, when General Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris orders troops to fire on a rally in
Milan Milan ( , , ; ) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, the largest city in Italy by urban area and the List of cities in Italy, second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of nea ...
, Italy. * May 8 – The first games of the
Italian Football Federation The Italian Football Federation (, ; FIGC ), known colloquially as (), is the governing body of football in Italy. It is based in Rome and Centro Tecnico Federale di Coverciano, the technical department is in Coverciano, Florence. It manages a ...
are played, in which
Genoa Genoa ( ; ; ) is a city in and the capital of the Italian region of Liguria, and the sixth-largest city in Italy. As of 2025, 563,947 people live within the city's administrative limits. While its metropolitan city has 818,651 inhabitan ...
played against
Torino Turin ( , ; ; , then ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The city is main ...
. *
May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the ...
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
: The Puerto Rican Campaign begins, with the Bombardment of San Juan. *
May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. ...
– The German Federation football club SV Darmstadt 98 is formed. *
May 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. * 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. * 1153 &nda ...
– The territory of Kwang-Chou-Wan is leased by China to France, according to the Treaty of 12 April 1892, as the , forming part of
French Indochina French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China), officially known as the Indochinese Union and after 1941 as the Indochinese Federation, was a group of French dependent territories in Southeast Asia from 1887 to 1954. It was initial ...
. *
May 28 Events Pre-1600 * 585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from ...
Secondo Pia takes the first photographs of the
Shroud of Turin The Shroud of Turin (), also known as the Holy Shroud (), is a length of linen cloth that bears a faint image of the front and back of a naked man. Because details of the image are consistent with depiction of Jesus, traditional depictions o ...
and discovers that the image on the Shroud itself appears to be a photographic negative.


June

*
June 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León. * 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida. * 1495 – A monk, John Cor, rec ...
– The Trans-Mississippi Exposition
World's Fair A world's fair, also known as a universal exhibition, is a large global exhibition designed to showcase the achievements of nations. These exhibitions vary in character and are held in different parts of the world at a specific site for a perio ...
opens, in
Omaha, Nebraska Omaha ( ) is the List of cities in Nebraska, most populous city in the U.S. state of Nebraska. It is located in the Midwestern United States along the Missouri River, about north of the mouth of the Platte River. The nation's List of United S ...
. *
June 7 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire). * 879 – Pope John VIII recognises the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state. * 1002 – He ...
William Ramsay and Morris Travers discover
neon Neon is a chemical element; it has symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is the second noble gas in the periodic table. Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with approximately two-thirds the density of ...
at their laboratory at
University College London University College London (Trade name, branded as UCL) is a Public university, public research university in London, England. It is a Member institutions of the University of London, member institution of the Federal university, federal Uni ...
, after extracting it from liquid nitrogen. * June 9 – The British government arranges a 99-year rent of Hong Kong from China. * June 10Tuone Udaina, the last known speaker of the Dalmatian language, is killed in an explosion. * June 11 – The
Guangxu Emperor The Guangxu Emperor (14 August 1871 – 14 November 1908), also known by his temple name Emperor Dezong of Qing, personal name Zaitian, was the tenth Emperor of China, emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the ninth Qing emperor to rule over China ...
announces the creation of what would later become
Peking University Peking University (PKU) is a Public university, public Types of universities and colleges in China#By designated academic emphasis, university in Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of the Peop ...
. * June 12Philippine Declaration of Independence: After 333 years of Spanish dominance, General
Emilio Aguinaldo Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (: March 22, 1869February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who became the first List of presidents of the Philippines, president of the Philippines (1899–1901), and the first pre ...
declares the
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
' independence from Spain. *
June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. * 1325 – Ibn ...
Yukon Territory is formed in Canada, with Dawson chosen as its capital. * June 19
Food processing Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or of one form of food into other forms. Food processing takes many forms, from grinding grain into raw flour, home cooking, and complex industrial methods used in the mak ...
giant
Nabisco Nabisco (, abbreviated from the earlier name National Biscuit Company) is an American manufacturer of cookies and snacks headquartered in East Hanover, New Jersey. The company is a subsidiary of Illinois-based Mondelēz International. Nabisco' ...
is founded in
New Jersey New Jersey is a U.S. state, state located in both the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the urban area, heavily urbanized Northeas ...
. * June 21
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
: The United States captures Guam, making it the first U.S. overseas territory. * June 28 – Effective date of the Curtis Act of 1898 which will lead to the dissolution of tribal and communal lands in Indian Territory and ultimately the creation of the State of
Oklahoma Oklahoma ( ; Choctaw language, Choctaw: , ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Texas to the south and west, Kansas to the north, Missouri to the northea ...
in 1907.


July

*
July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and ...
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
: Battle of San Juan Hill – United States troops (including Buffalo Soldiers and
Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), also known as Teddy or T.R., was the 26th president of the United States, serving from 1901 to 1909. Roosevelt previously was involved in New York (state), New York politics, incl ...
's Rough Riders) take a strategic position close to
Santiago de Cuba Santiago de Cuba is the second-largest city in Cuba and the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province. It lies in the southeastern area of the island, some southeast of the Cuban capital of Havana. The municipality extends over , and contains t ...
from the Spanish. * July 3 **
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
:
Battle of Santiago de Cuba The Battle of Santiago de Cuba was a decisive naval engagement that occurred on July 3, 1898 between an United States, American fleet, led by William T. Sampson and Winfield Scott Schley, against a Restoration (Spain), Spanish fleet led by Pascu ...
– The
United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare, maritime military branch, service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is the world's most powerful navy with the largest Displacement (ship), displacement, at 4.5 millio ...
destroys the
Spanish Navy The Spanish Navy, officially the Armada, is the Navy, maritime branch of the Spanish Armed Forces and one of the oldest active naval forces in the world. The Spanish Navy was responsible for a number of major historic achievements in navigation ...
's Caribbean Squadron. ** American adventurer Joshua Slocum completes a 3-year solo
circumnavigation Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical object, astronomical body (e.g. a planet or natural satellite, moon). This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth. The first circumnaviga ...
of the world. * July 4 – En route from New York to
Le Havre Le Havre is a major port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy (administrative region), Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the Seine, river Seine on the English Channel, Channe ...
, the ocean liner collides with another ship and sinks off the coast of
Sable Island Sable Island (, literally "island of sand") is a small, remote island off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. Sable Island is located in the North Atlantic Ocean, about southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Halifax, and about southeast of the clo ...
with the loss of 549 lives. * July 7 – The United States annexes the
Hawaiian Islands The Hawaiian Islands () are an archipelago of eight major volcanic islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the Pacific Ocean, North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the Hawaii (island), island of Hawaii in the south to nort ...
. * July 17
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
: Battle of Santiago Bay. Troops under United States General William R. Shafter take the city of
Santiago de Cuba Santiago de Cuba is the second-largest city in Cuba and the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province. It lies in the southeastern area of the island, some southeast of the Cuban capital of Havana. The municipality extends over , and contains t ...
from the Spanish. * July 18 – "The Adventures of Louis de Rougemont" first appear in '' The Wide World Magazine'', as its August 1898 issue goes on sale. * July 25
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
: The United States invasion of
Puerto Rico ; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...
begins, with a landing at Guánica Bay.


August

* August 12
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
: Hostilities end between American and Spanish forces in Cuba. *
August 13 Events Pre-1600 * 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. * 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. * 554 &ndash ...
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
: Battle of Manila – By prior agreement, the Spanish commander surrenders the city of
Manila Manila, officially the City of Manila, is the Capital of the Philippines, capital and second-most populous city of the Philippines after Quezon City, with a population of 1,846,513 people in 2020. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on ...
to the United States, in order to keep it out of the hands of Filipino rebels, ending hostilities in the Philippines. * August 20 – The Gornergrat railway opens, connecting
Zermatt Zermatt (, ) is a Municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the district of Visp (district), Visp in the German language, German-speaking section of the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It has a year-round population of about 5,800 and is cl ...
to the Gornergrat in Switzerland. *
August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. *1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song War ...
Clube de Regatas Vasco da Gama is founded in
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of Rio de Janeiro. It is the List of cities in Brazil by population, second-most-populous city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and the Largest cities in the America ...
. *
August 23 Events Pre-1600 * 30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Ca ...
– The Southern Cross Expedition, the first British venture of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, sets sail from London. * August 24 – Chickasaw and Choctaw tribes sign the Atoka Agreement, a requirement of the Curtis Act of 1898. * August 25 – 700 Greeks and 15 Englishmen are slaughtered by the Turks in Heraklion, Greece, leading to the establishment of the autonomous Cretan State. * August 28 – American pharmacist Caleb Bradham names his soft drink '' Pepsi-Cola''.


September

*
September 2 Events Pre-1600 * 44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. * 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his '' Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of ...
Battle of Omdurman ( Mahdist War): British and Egyptian troops led by Horatio Kitchener defeat Sudanese tribesmen led by Khalifa Abdullah al-Taashi, thus establishing British dominance in the
Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi ...
. 11,000 Sudanese are killed and 1,600 wounded in the battle. * September 10 – Italian anarchist Luigi Lucheni assassinates
Empress Elisabeth of Austria Elisabeth (born Duchess Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie in Bavaria; 24 December 1837 – 10 September 1898), nicknamed Sisi or Sissi, was Empress of Austria and List of Hungarian consorts, Queen of Hungary from her marriage to Franz Joseph I of Austri ...
in Geneva, as an act of propaganda of the deed. * September 18Fashoda Incident: A powerful flotilla of British
gunboat A gunboat is a naval watercraft designed for the express purpose of carrying one or more guns to bombard coastal targets, as opposed to those military craft designed for naval warfare, or for ferrying troops or supplies. History Pre-steam ...
s arrives at the French-occupied fort of Fashoda on the
White Nile The White Nile ( ') is a river in Africa, the minor of the two main tributaries of the Nile, the larger being the Blue Nile. The name "White" comes from the clay sediment carried in the water that changes the water to a pale color. In the stri ...
, leading to a diplomatic stalemate, until French troops are ordered to withdraw on November 3. * September 21 **
Empress Dowager Cixi Empress Dowager Cixi ( ; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908) was a Manchu noblewoman of the Yehe Nara clan who effectively but periodically controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty as empress dowager and regent for almost 50 ...
of China engineers a
coup d'état A coup d'état (; ; ), or simply a coup , is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership. A self-coup is said to take place when a leader, having come to powe ...
, marking the end of the Hundred Days' Reform; the
Guangxu Emperor The Guangxu Emperor (14 August 1871 – 14 November 1908), also known by his temple name Emperor Dezong of Qing, personal name Zaitian, was the tenth Emperor of China, emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the ninth Qing emperor to rule over China ...
is arrested. ** Geert Adriaans Boomgaard of
Groningen Groningen ( , ; ; or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen (province), Groningen province in the Netherlands. Dubbed the "capital of the north", Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of ...
in the Netherlands becomes the world's first validated
supercentenarian A supercentenarian, sometimes hyphenated as super-centenarian, is a person who is 110 or older. This age is achieved by about one in 1,000 centenarians. Supercentenarians typically live a life free of significant age-related diseases until short ...
.


October

* October 1 – The Vienna University of Economics and Business is founded, under the name . * October 3Battle of Sugar Point: Ojibwe tribesmen defeat U.S. government troops, in northern
Minnesota Minnesota ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario to the north and east and by the U.S. states of Wisconsin to the east, Iowa to the so ...
. * October 6 – The Sinfonia Club, later to become the
Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia (legally Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity of America, colloquially known as Phi Mu Alpha, PMA, or simply Sinfonia) () is an American collegiate social Fraternities and sororities, fraternity for men with a special interest ...
fraternity, is founded at the New England Conservatory of Music in
Boston Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...
by Ossian Everett Mills. * October 15 – The Fork Union Military Academy is founded, in Fork Union, Virginia. * October 31 – The Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem, is dedicated.


November

* November 5Negros Revolution: Filipinos on the island of Negros revolt against Spanish rule and establish the short-lived Republic of Negros. * November 10 – The
Wilmington insurrection of 1898 Wilmington may refer to: Places Australia *Wilmington, South Australia, a town and locality **District Council of Wilmington, a former local government area **Wilmington railway line, a former railway line United Kingdom *Wilmington, Devon *Wi ...
, a coup d'état by the white Democratic Party of North Carolina, begins. * November 21 – At the Paris conference to end the Spanish-American War, the U.S. commissioners offer $20,000,000 for purchase of the Philippines from Spain.''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (January 1899)
pp. 24-28
* November 24 – Italy sends an ultimatum to the Sultan of Morocco concerning treatmen of Italian residents. * November 26 – ** General Ramón Blanco resigns as the spanish Governor-General of Cuba and is replaced by General Adolfo Jiménez Castellanos. **A two-day blizzard known as the Portland Gale piles snow in
Boston Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...
, severely impacting the
Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...
fishing industry and several coastal
New England New England is a region consisting of six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York (state), New York to the west and by the ...
towns. **The U.S. Marines arrive on USS ''Boston'' at Tientsin in China in order to guard the American legation at Beijing. *
November 27 Events Pre-1600 * AD 25 – Luoyang is declared capital of the Eastern Han dynasty by Emperor Guangwu of Han. * 176 – Emperor Marcus Aurelius grants his son Commodus the rank of " Imperator" and makes him Supreme Commander of th ...
– All 115 people aboard the American steamer SS ''Portland'' are killed when the ship founders off of the caost of
Cape Cod Cape Cod is a peninsula extending into the Atlantic Ocean from the southeastern corner of Massachusetts, in the northeastern United States. Its historic, maritime character and ample beaches attract heavy tourism during the summer months. The ...
. * November 28 –The Spanish peace commissioners in Paris announce that they accept the offer of the U.S. to purchase the Philippines. * November 30 – The United Central American States, a merger of
Nicaragua Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America aft ...
,
Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, ...
and
El Salvador El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador, is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south by the Pacific Ocean. El Salvador's capital and largest city is S ...
, is formally dissolved after the government was unable to suppress a revolution in
San Salvador San Salvador () is the Capital city, capital and the largest city of El Salvador and its San Salvador Department, eponymous department. It is the country's largest agglomeration, serving as the country's political, cultural, educational and fin ...
.


December

* December 1 – **President Alfaro of Ecuador suspends the govnerment and assumes a dictatorship over the South American nation. **The French government decrees a ban on imports of fruit and plants from the United States. * December 2 – The French Chamber of Deputies declines to endorse the policies of Prime Minister Depuy, with the vote failing 228 to 243. **President Alfaro of Ecuador suspends the govnerment and assumes a dictatorship over the South American nation. *
December 3 Events Pre-1600 * 915 – Pope John X crowns Berengar I of Italy as Holy Roman Emperor (probable date). 1601–1900 * 1775 – American Revolution: becomes the first vessel to fly the Continental Union Flag (precursor to the " St ...
– The Republic of Nicaragua issues a decree announcing its return to sovereignty as a separate nation after its union with El Salvador and Honduras collapses. * December 4 – **President Zelaya of Nicaragua appoints a new cabinet free of ministers from El Salvador or Honduras. **The wreck of the British steamer SS ''Clan Drummond'' in the
Bay of Biscay The Bay of Biscay ( ) is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea. It lies along the western coast of France from Point Penmarc'h to the Spanish border, and along the northern coast of Spain, extending westward ...
kills 37 people on board. * December 5 – A fire at a factory in the Russian city of Vilana (now
Vilnius Vilnius ( , ) is the capital of and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, most-populous city in the Baltic states. The city's estimated January 2025 population w ...
in Lithuania) kills 15 women and girls, most of whom die after jumping from the windows. * December 6 – The Chancellor of Germany opens the new session of the Reichstag and asks for an increase in the budget for the German Army. * December 9 – The first of the two Tsavo Man-Eaters is shot by John Henry Patterson; the second is killed 3 weeks later, after 135 railway construction workers have been killed by the lions. * December 10 – The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
. * December 12 – The French Chamber of Deputies voes 403 to 78 in favor of the Depuy government. *
December 15 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – Vandalic War: Byzantine Empire, Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Tricamarum. * 687 – Pope Sergius I is elected as a compromise between antipopes P ...
– **A warrant issued in Paris for the arrest of Count Ferdinand Esterhazy in connection with the Dreyfus case. **A new President of the Swiss Confederation is elected. **The French Chamber of Deputies votes to extend a loan of 200,000,000 francs for the construction of railroads in French Indochina. * December 18Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat sets the first official land speed record in an automobile, averaging over in France. *
December 21 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69 – The Roman Senate declares Vespasian Roman emperor, emperor of Rome, the last in the Year of the Four Emperors. *1124 – Pope Honorius II is consecrated, having been elected after the controversial dethroning ...
– Prince George of Greece arrives in
Crete Crete ( ; , Modern Greek, Modern: , Ancient Greek, Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the List of islands by area, 88th largest island in the world and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fifth la ...
as its High Commissioner, and is escorted by the flagships of four nations.''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (February 1899), pp. 154-157 * December 25 – Penny postage goes into effect throughout the British Empire, setting the cost of mailing a letter to most British colonies at one pence. Rates remain the same for mail to Australia, New Zealand and the Cape Colony. * December 26Marie and
Pierre Curie Pierre Curie ( ; ; 15 May 1859 – 19 April 1906) was a French physicist, Radiochemistry, radiochemist, and a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity, and radioactivity. He shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife, ...
announce the discovery of an element that they name ''
radium Radium is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol Ra and atomic number 88. It is the sixth element in alkaline earth metal, group 2 of the periodic table, also known as the alkaline earth metals. Pure radium is silvery-white, ...
''. *
December 27 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – The second Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is consecrated. *1512 – The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the conduct of settlers with regard to Indigenous peoples of the Americas, native Ind ...
– The French government delivers its secret dossier on the Dreyfus case to the Court of Cassation. * December 28 – The Swiss village of Airolo is buried in an avalanche. *
December 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1170 – Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II; he subsequently becomes a saint and martyr in the Anglican Communion and the Catholic Church. * ...
– ** The Moscow Art Theatre production of ''The Seagull'' by
Anton Chekhov Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (; ; 29 January 1860 – 15 July 1904) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer, widely considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career as a playwright produced four classics, and his b ...
opens. **King Umberto of Italy commutes the sentences of all prisoners who had been given the death penalty. * December 31 – **Chief Justice Chambers of the Samoan Supreme Court rules that Malietoa Tanus is entitled to become King of Samoa, and holds that Mataafa is barred by the Treaty of Berlin. **French serial killer Joseph Vacher is executed at Bourg-en-Bresse.


Unknown dates

* The first volume of the
Linguistic Survey of India The Linguistic Survey of India (LSI) is a comprehensive survey of the languages of British India, describing 364 languages and dialects. The Survey was first proposed by George Abraham Grierson, a member of the Indian Civil Service and a lingu ...
is published in
Calcutta Kolkata, also known as Calcutta (List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal. It lies on the eastern ba ...
.


Births


January–March

*
January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...
Viktor Ullmann, Austrian composer, conductor and pianist (d.
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
) *
January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
John Loder, British actor (d. 1988) * January 6 – James Fitzmaurice, Irish aviation pioneer (d. 1965) * January 7 – Art Baker (actor), Art Baker, American actor (d. 1966) * January 9 – Gracie Fields, British singer, actress and comedian (d. 1979) * January 10 – Katharine Burr Blodgett, American physicist and chemist (d. 1979) *
January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the ra ...
– Kaj Munk, Danish playwright, Lutheranism, Lutheran pastor and martyr (d.
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
) * January 16 – Margaret Booth, American film editor (d. 2002) * January 20 – Norma Varden, British-born American actress (d. 1989) * January 21 ** Rudolph Maté, Polish-born American cinematographer (d. 1964) ** Shah Ahmad Shah Qajar of Persia (d. 1930) * January 22 ** Sergei Eisenstein, Russian and Soviet film director (d. 1948) ** Elazar Shach, Lithuanian-born Israeli Haredi rabbi (d. 2001) * January 23 – Randolph Scott, American film actor (d. 1987) * January 24 – Karl Hermann Frank, German Nazi official, war criminal (d. 1946) * January 25 – Hymie Weiss, Polish-American mob boss (d. 1926) * January 28 – Milan Konjović, Serbian painter (d. 1993) * January 31 – Hubert Renfro Knickerbocker, American journalist and author (d. 1949) * February 1 – Leila Denmark, American pediatrician, supercentenarian (d. 2012) * February 3 – Alvar Aalto, Finnish architect (d. 1976) * February 5 ** DenjirÅ ÅŒkÅchi, Japanese actor (d. 1962) **Ralph McGill, American journalist and editorialist (d.1969) * February 6 – Melvin B. Tolson, American poet, educator, columnist, and politician (d. 1966) * February 10 ** Bertolt Brecht, German writer (d. 1956) ** Joseph Kessel, French journalist and author (d. 1979) ** Margot Sponer, German philologist and resistance fighter (d. 1945) * February 11 ** Henry de La Falaise, French film director, Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France), Croix de guerre recipient (d. 1972) ** Leó Szilárd, Hungarian-American physicist (d. 1964) *
February 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular. * 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...
** Wallace Ford, British actor (d. 1966) ** Roy Harris, American composer (d. 1979) * February 14 ** Eva Novak, American actress (d. 1988) ** Fritz Zwicky, Swiss physicist, astronomer (d. 1974) *
February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Ti ...
** Totò, Italian comedian, actor, poet, and songwriter (d. 1967) ** Allen Woodring, American runner (d. 1982) * February 18 ** Enzo Ferrari, Italian race car driver, automobile manufacturer (d. 1988) ** Luis Muñoz Marín, Puerto Rican poet, journalist and politician (d. 1980) * February 24 – Kurt Tank, German aeronautical engineer (d. 1983) * February 25 – William Astbury, English physicist, molecular biologist (d. 1961) * February 28 ** Hugh O'Flaherty, Irish Catholic priest (d. 1963) ** Molly Picon, American actress, lyricist (d. 1992) * March 2 – Amélia Rey Colaço, Portuguese actress and impresario (d. 1990) * March 3 – Emil Artin, Austrian mathematician (d. 1962) * March 4 – Georges Dumézil, French philologist (d. 1986) * March 5 ** Zhou Enlai, Premier of the People's Republic of China (d. 1976) ** Soong Mei-ling, First Lady of China (d. 2003) * March 6 – Therese Giehse, German actress (d. 1975) * March 8 – Eben Dönges, acting Prime Minister of South Africa and elected President of South Africa (d. 1968) * March 9 – Dudley Stamp, British geographer (d. 1966) * March 11 – Dorothy Gish, American actress (d. 1968) * March 13 – Henry Hathaway, American film director, producer (d. 1985) *
March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the H ...
– Reginald Marsh (artist), Reginald Marsh, American painter (d. 1954) * March 21 – Paul Alfred Weiss, Austrian biologist (d. 1989) * March 23 ** Erich Bey, German admiral (d. 1943) ** Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset, Duchess of Parma (d. 1984) * March 30 – Joyce Carey, English actress (d. 1993)


April–June

* April 1 – William James Sidis, American mathematician (d.
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
) * April 2 – Harindranath Chattopadhyay, Indian poet, actor and politician (d. 1990) * April 3 ** George Jessel (actor), George Jessel, American comedian (d. 1981) ** Henry Luce, American magazine publisher (d. 1967) * April 4 – Agnes Ayres, American actress (d. 1940) *
April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921), second Fatimid invasion of Medieval Egypt, Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, Al-Qa'im (Fa ...
– Solange d'Ayen, French noblewoman, Duchess of Ayen and journalist (d. 1976) * April 9 ** Paul Robeson, African-American actor, singer and political activist (d. 1976) ** Atsushi Watanabe (actor, born 1898), Atsushi Watanabe, Japanese film actor (d. 1977) ** Therese Neumann, German Catholic mystic and stigmatic (d. 1962). * April 12 – Lily Pons, French-American opera singer, actress (d. 1976) * April 14 ** Lee Tracy, American actor (d. 1968) ** Harold Stephen Black, American electrical engineer (d. 1983) * April 19 – Constance Talmadge, American actress (d. 1973) * April 26 ** Vicente Aleixandre, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1984) ** John Grierson, Scottish documentary filmmaker (d. 1972) ** Tomu Uchida, Japanese film director (d. 1970) * April 27 – Ludwig Bemelmans, Austrian-American writer and illustrator (d. 1962) *
April 29 Events Pre-1600 * 801 – An earthquake in the Central Apennines hits Rome and Spoleto, damaging the basilica of San Paolo Fuori le Mura. * 1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Kom ...
– E. J. Bowen, British chemist (d. 1980) *
May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first royal charter. * 1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and impris ...
– Henry Hall (bandleader), Henry Hall, British bandleader (d. 1989) * May 3 ** Golda Meir, Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1978) ** Septima Poinsette Clark, American educator and civil rights activist (d. 1987) * May 5 ** Blind Willie McTell, American singer (d. 1959) ** Hans Heinrich von Twardowski, German actor (d. 1958) * May 6 – Konrad Henlein, Sudeten German Nazi leader (d. 1945) * May 13 – Hisamuddin of Selangor, King of Malaysia (d. 1960) * May 15 ** Arletty, French model, actress (d. 1992) ** Tom Wintringham, British politician and historian (d. 1949) * May 16 ** Tamara de Lempicka, Polish Art Deco painter (d. 1980) ** Kenji Mizoguchi, Japanese film director (d. 1956) * May 17 ** Anagarika Govinda, German buddhist lama (d. 1985) ** A. J. Casson, Canadian painter (d. 1992) * May 19 – Julius Evola, Italian philosopher (d. 1974) * May 21 – Armand Hammer, American entrepreneur, art collector (d. 1990) * May 23 – Frank McHugh, American actor (d. 1981) * May 24 – Helen B. Taussig, American cardiologist (d. 1986) * May 25 – Robert Aron, French historian and writer (d. 1975) *
May 28 Events Pre-1600 * 585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from ...
– Andy Kirk (musician), Andy Kirk, American jazz bandleader and saxophonist (d.1992) * May 31 – Norman Vincent Peale, American clergyman (d. 1993) * June 3 – Stuart H. Ingersoll, American admiral (d. 1983) * June 4 – Harry Crosby, American publisher, poet (d. 1929) * June 5 – Federico García Lorca, Spanish poet, playwright (d. 1936) * June 6 ** Ninette de Valois, Irish dancer, founder of The Royal Ballet (d. 2001) ** Jim Fouché, 5th President of South Africa (d. 1980) * June 10 – Michel Hollard, French Resistance hero (d. 1993) * June 11 – Lionel Penrose, English geneticist (d. 1972) * June 17 ** M. C. Escher, Dutch artist (d. 1972) ** Harry Patch, British World War I soldier, the last Tommy Atkins, Tommy (d. 2009) * June 22 ** Weeratunge Edward Perera, Malaysian educator, businessman and social entrepreneur (d. 1982) ** Erich Maria Remarque, German writer (d. 1970) * June 23 – Winifred Holtby, English novelist and journalist (d. 1935) * June 26 ** Sa`id Al-Mufti, 3-time prime minister of Jordan (d. 1989) ** Willy Messerschmitt, German aircraft designer, manufacturer (d. 1978) * June 30 ** George Chandler, American actor (d. 1985) ** Josef Jakobs, German spy (d.1941)


July–September

* July 2 ** George J. Folsey, American cinematographer (d. 1988) ** Anthony McAuliffe, American general (d. 1975) * July 3 ** Donald Healey, English motor engineer, race car driver (d. 1988) ** Stefanos Stefanopoulos, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1982) * July 4 ** Gulzarilal Nanda, Indian politician, economist (d. 1998) ** Gertrude Lawrence, English actress, singer (d. 1952) * July 6 – Hanns Eisler, German composer (d. 1962) * July 7 ** Teresa Hsu Chih, Chinese-born Singaporean social worker, supercentenarian (d. 2011) ** Arnold Horween, American Harvard Crimson, NFL football player (d. 1985) * July 8 – Vic Oliver, Austrian-born British actor and radio comedian (d. 1964) * July 14 ** Happy Chandler, American politician (d. 1991) ** Youssef Wahbi, Egyptian actor, film director (d. 1982) * July 17 – Berenice Abbott, American photographer (d. 1991) * July 18 – John Stuart (actor), John Stuart, Scottish actor (d. 1979) * July 22 ** Stephen Vincent Benét, American writer (d. 1943) ** Alexander Calder, American artist (d. 1976) * July 25 – Arthur Lubin, American film director (d. 1995) * July 29 – Isidor Isaac Rabi, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988) * July 30 – Henry Moore, English sculptor (d. 1986) * August 5 – Piero Sraffa, Italian political economist (d. 1983) * August 11 – Peter Mohr Dam, 2-time prime minister of the Faroe Islands (d. 1968) * August 12 ** Maria Klenova, Russian marine geologist (d. 1976) ** Oscar Homolka, Austrian actor (d. 1978) *
August 13 Events Pre-1600 * 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. * 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. * 554 &ndash ...
** Mohamad Noah Omar, Malaysian politician (d. 1991) ** Regis Toomey, American actor (d. 1991) * August 15 ** Jan Brzechwa, Polish poet (d. 1966) ** Mohan Singh Oberoi, Indian businessman and politician (d. 2002) * August 18 ** Lance Sharkey, Australian Communist leader (d. 1967) ** Tsola Dragoycheva, Bulgarian politician (d. 1993) * August 19 – Eleanor Boardman, American actress (d. 1991) * August 20 ** Leopold Infeld, Polish physicist (d. 1968) ** Vilhelm Moberg, Swedish novelist, historian (d. 1973) *
August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. *1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song War ...
– Herbert Mundin, English actor (d. 1939) * August 26 – Peggy Guggenheim, American art collector (d. 1979) * August 27 – John Hamilton (gangster), John Hamilton, Canadian criminal, bank robber (d. 1934) * August 29 – Preston Sturges, American director, writer (d. 1959) * August 30 – Shirley Booth, American actress (d. 1992) * September 1 ** Violet Carson, British actress (d. 1983) ** Marilyn Miller, American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1936) *
September 2 Events Pre-1600 * 44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. * 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his '' Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of ...
– Alfons Gorbach, 15th Chancellor of Austria (d. 1972) * September 9 – Walter B. Rea, American university administrator and basketball player (d. 1970) * September 10 ** George Eldredge, American actor (d. 1977) ** Bessie Love, American actress (d. 1986) * September 13 ** László Baky, Hungarian Nazi leader (d. 1946) ** Emilio Núñez Portuondo, Cuban diplomat, lawyer and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Cuba (d. 1978) * September 19 – Giuseppe Saragat, President of Italy (d. 1988) * September 24 – Howard Florey, Australian-born pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1968) * September 26 – George Gershwin, American composer (d. 1937) * September 29 – Trofim Lysenko, Russian biologist (d. 1976) * September 30 ** Renée Adorée, French actress (d. 1933) ** Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois (d. 1977), Monégasque princess


October–December

* October 6 ** Arthur G. Jones-Williams, British aviator (d. 1929) ** Mitchell Leisen, American film director (d. 1972) ** Clarence Williams (musician), Clarence Williams, American jazz pianist, composer (d. 1965) * October 9 – Joe Sewell, American professional baseball player (d. 1990) * October 10 ** Lilly Daché, French milliner (d. 1989) ** Marie-Pierre KÅ“nig, French general, politician (d. 1970) * October 15 – Boughera El Ouafi, Algerian athlete (d. 1959) * October 16 – William O. Douglas, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1980) * October 17 – Shinichi Suzuki (violinist), Shinichi Suzuki, Japanese musician, educator (d. 1998) * October 18 – Lotte Lenya, Austrian actress, singer (d. 1981) * October 24 – Peng Dehuai, Chinese military leader (d. 1974) * October 28 – Abdul Khalek Hassouna, Egyptian diplomat, 2nd Secretary-General of the Arab League (d. 1992) * October 29 – Vera Stanley Alder, English painter and mystic (d. 1984) * October 30 – Raphael Girard, Swiss-Guatemalan ethnographer (d. 1982) * November 11 – René Clair, French filmmaker, novelist, and non-fiction writer (d. 1981) * November 12 – Leon Å tukelj, Slovene gymnast (d. 1999) * November 13 – Walter Karig, American naval captain and author (d. 1956) * November 14 – Benjamin Fondane, Romanian-French Symbolist poet, critic and existentialist philosopher (d.
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
) * November 15 – Sylvan Goldman, American businessman and inventor (d. 1984) * November 17 – Colleen Clifford, Australian actress (d. 1996) * November 18 – Joris Ivens, Dutch director (d. 1989) * November 21 – René Magritte, Belgian artist (d. 1967) * November 22 – Gabriel González Videla, 24th president of Chile (d. 1980) * November 23 – Bess Flowers, American actress (d. 1984) * November 24 – Liu Shaoqi, President of the People's Republic of China (d. 1969) * November 26 – Karl Ziegler, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973) * November 29 – C. S. Lewis, British author (d. 1963) * November 30 ** Firpo Marberry, American baseball pitcher (d. 1976) ** Link Lyman, American professional football player (d. 1972) * December 2 – Indra Lal Roy, Indian World War I pilot (d. 1918) * December 5 – Grace Moore, American opera singer, actress (d. 1947) * December 6 ** Alfred Eisenstaedt, American photojournalist (d. 1995) ** Gunnar Myrdal, Swedish sociologist, economist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987) * December 9 – Emmett Kelly, American circus clown (d. 1979) * December 10 – Howard Beale (politician), Howard Beale, Australian politician and diplomat (d. 1983) * December 14 – Lillian Randolph, American actress, singer (d. 1980) * December 19 – Zheng Zhenduo, Chinese author, translator (d. 1958) * December 20 – Irene Dunne, American actress (d. 1990) * December 24 – Baby Dodds, American jazz drummer (d. 1959) *
December 27 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – The second Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is consecrated. *1512 – The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the conduct of settlers with regard to Indigenous peoples of the Americas, native Ind ...
– Inejiro Asanuma, Japanese politician (d. 1960) * December 28 – Shigematsu Sakaibara, Japanese admiral and war criminal (d. 1947) * December 31 ** István Dobi, Hungarian prime minister (d. 1968) ** Ivan Miller (journalist), Ivan Miller, Canadian journalist and sportscaster (d. 1967) ** Krishna Ballabh Sahay, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1974)


Unknown Dates:

* Ernest Born, American architect, designer, and artist (b. 1992) * Robert Piguet, Swiss-born, Paris-based fashion designer (d. 1953) * Henryk Sucharski, Polish military officer (d. 1946) * Piotr Triebler, Polish sculptor (d. 1952)


Deaths


January–June

*
January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
– Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Confederate States Army, Confederate brigadier general, Texas governor, and president of Texas A&M University (b. 1838) * January 14 – Lewis Carroll, British writer, mathematician (''Alice in Wonderland'') (b. 1832) * January 16 – Charles Pelham Villiers, longest-serving MP in the British House of Commons (b. 1802) * January 18 – Henry Liddell, English Dean of Christ Church, Oxford (b. 1811) * January 26 – Cornelia J. M. Jordan, American lyricist (b. 1830) * February 1 – Tsuboi KÅzÅ, Japanese admiral (b. 1843) * February 6 – Abdul Samad of Selangor, Malaysian ruler, 4th Sultan of Selangor (b. 1804) * February 16 – Thomas Bracken, author of the official national anthem of New Zealand (''God Defend New Zealand'') (b. 1843) *
March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...
– George Bruce Malleson, Indian officer, author (b. 1825) * March 6 – Andrei Alexandrovich Popov, Russian admiral (b. 1821) * March 10 ** Marie-Eugénie de Jésus, French religious (b. 1817) ** George Müller, Prussian evangelist, founder of the New Orphan Houses, Ashley Down, Bristol, Ashley Down orphanage (b. 1805) * March 11 – William Rosecrans, California congressman, Register of the Treasury, Register of the U.S. Treasury (b. 1819) * March 15 – Henry Bessemer, Sir Henry Bessemer, British engineer, inventor (b. 1813) *
March 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York. * 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse to recant are burnt to death after the Fall of Montségur. * 1355 – Amidst the Red Turban Rebellions, Han Lin'er, ...
– Aubrey Beardsley, British artist (b. 1872) * March 18 – Matilda Joslyn Gage, American feminist (b. 1826) * March 27 – Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Indian university founder (b. 1817) * March 28 – Anton Seidl, Hungarian conductor (b. 1850) * April 13 – Aurilla Furber, American author (b. 1847) * April 15 – Te Keepa Te Rangihiwinui, Maori military leader * April 18 – Gustave Moreau, French painter (b. 1826) *
April 29 Events Pre-1600 * 801 – An earthquake in the Central Apennines hits Rome and Spoleto, damaging the basilica of San Paolo Fuori le Mura. * 1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Kom ...
– Mary Towne Burt, American benefactor (b. 1842) * May 19 – William Ewart Gladstone, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1809) *
May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. ...
– Edward Bellamy, American author (b. 1850) * May 29 – Theodor Eimer, German zoologist (b. 1843) * June 4 – Rosalie Olivecrona, Swedish feminist activist (b. 1823) * June 10Tuone Udaina, Croatian-Italian last speaker of the Dalmatian language (b. 1821) * June 14 – Dewitt Clinton Senter, American politician, 18th Governor of Tennessee (b. 1830) * June 25 – Ferdinand Cohn, German biologist, bacteriologist and microbiologist (b. 1828)


July–December

*
July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and ...
** Siegfried Marcus, Austrian automobile pioneer (b. 1831) ** Joaquín Vara de Rey y Rubio, Spanish general (killed in action) (b. 1841) * July 5 – Richard Pankhurst (politician), Richard Pankhurst, English lawyer, radical and supporter of women's rights (b. 1834) * July 8 – Soapy Smith, American con artist and gangster (b. 1860) * July 14 – Louis-François Richer Laflèche, Roman Catholic Bishop of Trois-Rivières, Native American missionary (b. 1818) * July 30 – Otto von Bismarck, German statesman (b. 1815) * August 8 – Eugène Boudin, French painter (b. 1824) * August 11 – Sophia Braeunlich, American business manager (b. 1854) *
August 23 Events Pre-1600 * 30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Ca ...
– Félicien Rops, Belgian artist (b. 1833) *
September 2 Events Pre-1600 * 44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. * 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his '' Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of ...
– Wilford Woodruff, fourth president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1807) * September 5 – Sarah Emma Edmonds, Canadian nurse, spy (b. 1841) * September 9 – Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet (b. 1842) * September 10
Empress Elisabeth of Austria Elisabeth (born Duchess Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie in Bavaria; 24 December 1837 – 10 September 1898), nicknamed Sisi or Sissi, was Empress of Austria and List of Hungarian consorts, Queen of Hungary from her marriage to Franz Joseph I of Austri ...
, empress consort of Austria, queen consort of Hungary (assassinated) (b. 1837) * September 16 – Ramón Emeterio Betances, Puerto Rican politician, medical doctor and diplomat (b. 1827) * September 19 – George Grey, Sir George Grey, 11th Premier of New Zealand (b. 1812) * September 20 – Theodor Fontane, German writer (b. 1819) * September 26 – Fanny Davenport, American actress (b. 1850) * September 28 – Tan Sitong, Chinese revolutionary (executed) (b. 1865) * September 29 – Louise of Hesse-Kassel, German princess, queen consort of Christian IX of Denmark (b. 1817) * October 24 – Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, French painter (b. 1824) * November 2 – George Goyder, surveyor-general of South Australia (b. 1826) * November 20 – Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet, Sir John Fowler, British people, British civil engineer (b. 1817) * December 24 – Charbel Makhluf, Lebanese Maronite, Roman Catholic and Eastern Catholic monk, priest and saint (b. 1828) * December 25 – Laura Gundersen, Norwegian actress (b. 1832) *
December 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1170 – Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II; he subsequently becomes a saint and martyr in the Anglican Communion and the Catholic Church. * ...
– Ilia Solomonovich Abelman, Russian astronomer (b. 1866)


Date unknown

* Sotirios Sotiropoulos, Greek economist, politician (b. 1831)


References


Sources

* Morro Castle (Havana), Morro Castle (fortress) downloadable videos. ( needs Flash) * view of USS Indiana (BB-1) (needs Flash) * (needs Flash) * view of 10th Infantry Regiment (United States)#2nd Battalion, 10th U.S. Infantry, 2nd Battalion (needs Flash) * view of Tampa, Florida (needs Flash) * view of Tampa, Florida (needs Flash) * (needs Flash) * (needs Flash) * (needs Flash) * view of Daiquirí after the United States invasion of Cuba in the
Spanish–American War The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was fought between Restoration (Spain), Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine (1889), USS ''Maine'' in Havana Harbor in Cuba, and resulted in the ...
(needs Flash) * view of William Rufus Shafter, Major General Shafter (needs Flash) * view of Santiago de Cuba, Santiago (needs Flash) {{DEFAULTSORT:1898 1898,