Farouk Khan 1857 The Illustrated London News

The Treaty of Paris (1857) () marked the end of the hostilities of the

Anglo-Persian War The Anglo-Persian War, also known as the Anglo-Iranian War (), was a war fought between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom and Qajar Iran, Iran, which was ruled by the Qajar dynasty. The war had the British oppose a ...

. On the

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

, side negotiations were handled by ambassador

Farrokh Khan Farrokh Khan (; 1812 – 5 May 1871), also known as Amin ol-Dowleh (), was a high-ranking Iranian official from the Ghaffari family. Between 1855–1857, he served as the Iranian ambassador to the French court in Paris, where he assisted in signi ...

. The two sides signed the peace treaty on 4 March 1857.''The Middle East and North Africa'' 2004 Taylor & Francis Group, Lucy Dean p.36

/ref> In the Treaty, the Persians agreed to withdraw from

Herat Herāt (; Dari/Pashto: هرات) is an oasis city and the third-largest city in Afghanistan. In 2020, it had an estimated population of 574,276, and serves as the capital of Herat Province, situated south of the Paropamisus Mountains (''Se ...

, later allowing

Dost Mohammad Khan Dost Mohammad Khan Barakzai (Pashto/; 23 December 1792 – 8 June 1863), nicknamed the Amir-i Kabir, was the founder of the Barakzai dynasty and one of the prominent rulers of Afghanistan during the First Anglo-Afghan War. With the decline of ...

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...

to occupy it. They also agreed to apologise to the British envoy on his return, and to sign a commercial treaty; the British agreed not to shelter opponents of the Shah in the embassy, and they abandoned the demand to replace the grand vizier

Mirza Aqa Khan Nuri Mirza Aqa Khan Nuri (), E'temad-ol Dowleh (اعتماد الدوله; born c. 1807 – died 1865) was a politician in Qajar Iran, who served as prime minister (, "ṣadr-e aʿẓam") between 1851–58 during the reign of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar ( ...

, as well as one requiring territorial concessions to the Imam of Oman, a British ally. The British strategic interests in Afghanistan, an early consequence of the

Great Game The Great Game was a rivalry between the 19th-century British Empire, British and Russian Empire, Russian empires over influence in Central Asia, primarily in Emirate of Afghanistan, Afghanistan, Qajar Iran, Persia, and Tibet. The two colonia ...

, ultimately brought an end to Qajar hopes to preserve Herat as a frontier vassalage, after more than fifty years of Iranian engagement. Three and a half centuries of nearly continuous, although frequently chaotic, inclusion of Herat as part of Iran came to an end with the Treaty of Paris. Similar to how the

Treaty of Turkmenchay The Treaty of Turkmenchay (; ) was an agreement between Qajar Iran and the Russian Empire, which concluded the Russo-Persian War (1826–1828). It was second of the series of treaties (the first was the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan and the last, the ...

with

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

in 1828 marked a turning point in relations between Iran and Russia, so too did the Treaty of Paris with Iran and Britain. The Qajar government realized the serious repercussions of confronting a European colonial power militarily after the conflict in Herat. The Iranians realized that in the age of empires, they would have to endure losing territory on its outskirts in order to protect its center. The loss of Herat, akin to the earlier loss of the Caucasian provinces, illustrated the limitations on authority over territories that were historically and culturally part of

Greater Iran Greater Iran or Greater Persia ( ), also called the Iranosphere or the Persosphere, is an expression that denotes a wide socio-cultural region comprising parts of West Asia, the South Caucasus, Central Asia, South Asia, and East Asia (specifica ...

. Despite their deep-rooted ties, these areas could no longer be sustained as provinces within the

Guarded Domains of Iran The Guarded Domains of Iran (, ''Mamâlek-e Mahruse-ye Irân''), or simply the Domains of Iran (, ''Mamâlek-e Irân'') and the Guarded Domains (, ''Mamâlek-e Mahruse''), was the common and official name of Iran from the Safavid era until the ea ...

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* * 1850s in Iran 1857 in Asia 1857 treaties 1857 in France 1857 in the United Kingdom 1850s in Paris Iran–United Kingdom relations Peace treaties of the United Kingdom Treaties of the Qajar dynasty Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922) Anglo-Persian War

1857 Events January–March * January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, '' Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. * January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating. * Ja ...

{{Treaty-stub

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References

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