Events

January–March

January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...

– The Stibo Group is founded by Niels Lund as a printing company in

Aarhus Aarhus (, , ; officially spelled Århus from 1948 until 1 January 2011) is the second-largest city in Denmark and the seat of Aarhus municipality, Aarhus Municipality. It is located on the eastern shore of Jutland in the Kattegat sea and app ...

(Denmark). *

January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the ra ...

– The U.S. Congress enacts a law providing for, effective May 1, 1795, a United States flag of 15 stars and 15 stripes, in recognition of the recent admission of

Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provinces and territories of Ca ...

and

Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...

as the 14th and 15th states. A subsequent act restores the number of stripes to 13, but provides for additional stars upon the admission of each additional state. *

January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded wh ...

– King George III of Great Britain delivers the speech opening Parliament and recommends a continuation of Britain's war with France. *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

– French Revolution: The National Convention of the

French First Republic In the history of France, the First Republic (), sometimes referred to in historiography as Revolutionary France, and officially the French Republic (), was founded on 21 September 1792 during the French Revolution. The First Republic lasted un ...

abolishes slavery. *

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of ...

– Wreck of the Ten Sail on Grand Cayman. *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 * 660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Empire, on the eve of his comin ...

– The first session of the

United States Senate The United States Senate is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the upper house, with the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives being the lower house. Together, the Senate and ...

is open to the public. * March 4 – The Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution is passed by Congress for submission to the states for ratification. * March 11 – Canonsburg Academy (modern-day

Washington & Jefferson College Washington & Jefferson College (W&J College or W&J) is a Private college, private Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Washington, Pennsylvania, United States. The college traces its origin to three Presbyterian m ...

) is chartered by the Pennsylvania General Assembly. * March 12 – General Antoni Madaliński, a commander of the National Cavalry in the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (), was a federation, federative real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ...

, disobeys an order from the ruling

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

and

Kingdom of Prussia The Kingdom of Prussia (, ) was a German state that existed from 1701 to 1918.Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. Rev. ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946. It played a signif ...

imposing demobilization, advancing his troops from Ostrołęka to

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

. * March 14 – Eli Whitney is granted a United States

patent A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an sufficiency of disclosure, enabling discl ...

for the

cotton gin A cotton gin—meaning "cotton engine"—is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation.. Reprinted by McGraw-Hill, New York and London, 1926 (); ...

. * March 22 – Congress prohibits American ships from supplying slaves to any nation other than the United States, setting a penalty of forfeiture of the ship and a $2,000 fine. * March 23 – British troops capture Martinique from the French. * March 24 –

Tadeusz Kościuszko Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko (; 4 or 12 February 174615 October 1817) was a Polish Military engineering, military engineer, statesman, and military leader who then became a national hero in Poland, the United States, Lithuania, and ...

makes his proclamation starting the Kościuszko Uprising against the

and

in the

and Prussian Partition. * March 26 – The U.S. lays a 60-day embargo on all shipping to and from Great Britain. * March 27 **The United States Government authorizes the building of the first six

United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare, maritime military branch, service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is the world's most powerful navy with the largest Displacement (ship), displacement, at 4.5 millio ...

vessels; in 1797 the first three frigates, , and will go into service (not to be confused with October 13, 1775, which is observed as the Navy's Birthday). **The U.S. Senate passes a rule ending its policy of closing all of its sessions to the public.

April–June

* April 4 – Battle of Racławice: Polish supporters of the Kościuszko Uprising defeat forces of the

. *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921), second Fatimid invasion of Medieval Egypt, Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, Al-Qa'im (Fa ...

–

Reign of Terror The Reign of Terror (French: ''La Terreur'', literally "The Terror") was a period of the French Revolution when, following the creation of the French First Republic, First Republic, a series of massacres and Capital punishment in France, nu ...

: Georges Danton and Camille Desmoulins are executed. * April 17– 19 – Kościuszko Uprising –

Warsaw Uprising The Warsaw Uprising (; ), sometimes referred to as the August Uprising (), or the Battle of Warsaw, was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance movement in World War II, Polish underground resistance to liberate Warsaw from ...

: The Polish people overthrow the Russian garrison in

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

. * April 19 – Britain,

Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...

and the

Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...

sign a treaty of alliance against France. * April 28 – Sardinian Vespers: The people of

Cagliari Cagliari (, , ; ; ; Latin: ''Caralis'') is an Comune, Italian municipality and the capital and largest city of the island of Sardinia, an Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region of Italy. It has about 146,62 ...

in Sardinia oust the viceroy and his Piedmontese functionaries. * April 29– May 1 – Battle of Boulou: The French defeat the Spanish and Portuguese forces. * May 7 – Robespierre establishes the Cult of the Supreme Being as the new state religion of the

. * May 8 –

: chemist Antoine Lavoisier is tried, convicted and executed in Paris with 27 co-defendants also associated with the former '' ferme générale''. * May 18 – Battle of Tourcoing: French troops defeat British forces. * May 21 – the French Revolutionary Government decides that the Terror would be centralised, with almost all the tribunals in the provinces closed and all the trials held in Paris. * May 28–

June 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León. * 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida. * 1495 – A monk, John Cor, rec ...

– The Glorious First of June (Battle of Ushant): The British win a crushing tactical victory over the French fleet, but the merchant convoy escorted by the French fleet arrives safely in France. * May 30– June 4 – Battle of Port-Républicain: British troops capture Port-au-Prince in Haiti from the French. * June 17 ** The Anglo-Corsican Kingdom is established. ** Battle of Mykonos: The British

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...

captures . * June 24 – Bowdoin College is founded in Brunswick, Maine. *

June 26 Events Pre-1600 *4 AD, 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius. * 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar (title), Caesar. * 363 – Roman emperor Julian (emperor), J ...

– Battle of Fleurus: French forces defeat the Austrians and their allies, leading to permanent loss of the Austrian Netherlands and destruction of the

Dutch Republic The United Provinces of the Netherlands, commonly referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation that existed from 1579 until the Batavian Revolution in 1795. It was a predecessor state of the present-day Netherlands ...

. French use of an observation balloon marks the first participation of an aircraft in battle. * June–July – Mount Vesuvius erupts in Italy; the town of

Torre del Greco Torre del Greco (; ; "Greek man's Tower") is a ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Naples in Italy, with a population of c. 85,000 . The locals are sometimes called ''Corallini'' because of the once plentiful coral in the nearby sea, and becaus ...

is destroyed.

July–September

* July 12 – Horatio Nelson loses the sight in his right eye in the British Siege of Calvi in

Corsica Corsica ( , , ; ; ) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the Regions of France, 18 regions of France. It is the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of the Metro ...

. * July 13 – Battle of Trippstadt between French forces and those of

and

Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

( First Coalition). * July 13– September 6 – Kościuszko Uprising: Siege of Warsaw – The Polish people resist a siege by armies of the

and

. * July 17 – The sixteen Carmelite Martyrs of Compiègne are guillotined in Paris in the last stage of the French Revolution's

. * July 27 (

9 Thermidor Maximilien Robespierre addressed the National Convention on 26 July 1794, was arrested the next day, and executed on 28 July. In his speech on 26 July, Robespierre spoke of the existence of internal enemies, conspirators, and calumniators, with ...

) – French Revolution – Thermidorian Reaction: Maximilien, Augustin Robespierre and Saint-Just are arrested on the orders of the French National Convention; they are executed the next day, ending the French Revolution's

. * August – Colombian Antonio Nariño is denounced as a traitor after he translates and publishes the French '' Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen''. * August 1 – Aristocrats in

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...

gather to mourn the demise of coffee after the beverage is forbidden by royal decree. * August 9 –

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...

is arrested and put under house arrest at Nice for his association with the Robespierres during their fall in the Thermidorian Reaction. He is later taken to Antibes and detained in a military fort. * August 20 – Battle of Fallen Timbers in Northwestern Ohio: American troops under the command of General Anthony Wayne (nicknamed "Mad Anthony") defeat Native American tribes of the Western Confederacy. *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. *1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song War ...

– British troops capture

following the bombardment by Nelson. * August 29 – Stonyhurst College is finally established as a Roman Catholic school in Lancashire, England, having had several European locations. * September 10 – The

University of Tennessee The University of Tennessee, Knoxville (or The University of Tennessee; UT; UT Knoxville; or colloquially UTK or Tennessee) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Knoxville, Tennessee, United St ...

is established at Knoxville. * September 23 – France occupies

Aachen Aachen is the List of cities in North Rhine-Westphalia by population, 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia and the List of cities in Germany by population, 27th-largest city of Germany, with around 261,000 inhabitants. Aachen is locat ...

. * September 28 –

, Britain and

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

ally against France.

October–December

* October 2 – Battle of Aldenhoven between French forces and those of

. * October 4 – In the first and only instance of an incumbent United States president leading men into battle,

George Washington George Washington (, 1799) was a Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot (American Revoluti ...

arrives at Carlisle, Pennsylvania to guide the U.S. Army's suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion. The rebels soon disperse and the insurrection collapses by the end of the month. * October 10 – Battle of Maciejowice: Forces of the

defeat Polish supporters of the Kościuszko Uprising;

is wounded and captured. * October 22 –

Fort Wayne Fort Wayne is a city in Allen County, Indiana, United States, and its county seat. Located in northeastern Indiana, the city is west of the Ohio border and south of the Michigan border. The city's population was 263,886 at the 2020 United S ...

founded in what is now the U.S. state of

Indiana Indiana ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north and northeast, Ohio to the east, the Ohio River and Kentucky to the s ...

. * November 4 – Battle of Praga: Russian General Alexander Suvorov storms

in the war against the Polish Kościuszko Uprising and captures Praga, one of its suburbs, unwittingly killing many civilians. * November 14 – The first recorded meeting of the Franklin Literary Society is held at Canonsburg Academy (modern-day

). * November 16 – The Kościuszko Uprising ends in the defeat of

and his forces. * November 19 – The United States and Great Britain sign the Jay Treaty (coming into effect in 1796), which attempts to clear up some issues left over from the

American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the armed conflict that comprised the final eight years of the broader American Revolution, in which Am ...

and secures a decade of peaceful trade between the two nations. Britain agrees to evacuate border forts in the

Northwest Territory The Northwest Territory, also known as the Old Northwest and formally known as the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio, was formed from part of the unorganized western territory of the United States after the American Revolution. Established ...

(roughly the area north of the

Ohio River The Ohio River () is a river in the United States. It is located at the boundary of the Midwestern and Southern United States, flowing in a southwesterly direction from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to its river mouth, mouth on the Mississippi Riv ...

and east of the

Mississippi Mississippi ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the s ...

) and thereby end British support for the Indians. * November 20 – Battle of St-Laurent-de-la-Muga fought between French and Spanish forces. * December 8 – The Great New Orleans Fire (1794) burns over 200 buildings in the French Quarter. * December 23 – St. Louis Cathedral, New Orleans is dedicated.

Date unknown

* The Ayrshire (Earl of Carrick's Own) Yeomanry, a British Yeomanry

Cavalry Historically, cavalry (from the French word ''cavalerie'', itself derived from ''cheval'' meaning "horse") are groups of soldiers or warriors who Horses in warfare, fight mounted on horseback. Until the 20th century, cavalry were the most mob ...

Regiment A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, military service, service, or administrative corps, specialisation. In Middle Ages, Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of l ...

, is formed by the Earl of Cassillis at Culzean Castle, Ayrshire. * The Oban distillery is built in Scotland.

Births

William Cullen Bryant Cabinet Card by Mora-crop

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of the Roman Republic, Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army, prompting the tribunes who support him to flee to where Caesar is waiting in Ravenna ...

– Eilhard Mitscherlich, German chemist (d. 1863) *

– Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, German chemist (d. 1867) *

– Charlotta Eriksson, Swedish actor (d. 1862) *

February 20 Events Pre-1600 *1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated. *1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawn (law), pawned by Norway to S ...

– William Carleton, Irish novelist (d. 1869) *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The ...

– Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexican general and

President of Mexico The president of Mexico (), officially the president of the United Mexican States (), is the head of state and head of government of Mexico. Under the Constitution of Mexico, the president heads the executive branch of the federal government and ...

(d. 1876) * March 5 ** Robert Cooper Grier,

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States An associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States is a Justice (title), justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, other than the chief justice of the United States. The number of associate justices is eight, as set by the J ...

(d. 1870) ** Joseph Livesey, English temperance movement campaigner (d. 1884) * April 10 – Matthew Calbraith Perry, American commodore (d. 1858) * April 11 – Edward Everett, American politician (d. 1865) * May 17 – Anna Brownell Jameson, British writer (d. 1860) * May 24 – William Whewell, English scientist, philosopher and historian of science (d. 1866) * May 27 –

Cornelius Vanderbilt Cornelius Vanderbilt (May 27, 1794 – January 4, 1877), nicknamed "the Commodore", was an American business magnate who built his wealth in railroads and shipping. After working with his father's business, Vanderbilt worked his way into lead ...

, American entrepreneur (d. 1877) * June 16 – María Trinidad Sánchez, heroine of the Dominican War of Independence (d. 1846) * July 5 – Sylvester Graham, American nutritionist, inventor (d. 1851) * July 7 – Frances Stackhouse Acton, British botanist, archaeologist, writer and artist (d. 1881) * July 18 – Feargus O'Connor, Irish political radical, Chartist leader (d. 1855) *

July 28 Events Pre-1600 *1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. *1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard. *1571 – La Laguna encomienda, known t ...

– Charles Longley,

Archbishop of Canterbury The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the Primus inter pares, ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the bishop of the diocese of Canterbury. The first archbishop ...

(d. 1868) * August 8 – Francesco Puccinotti, Italian pathologist (d. 1872) * September 24 – Jeanne Villepreux-Power, French marine biologist (d. 1871) * November 3 – William Cullen Bryant, American poet (d. 1878) * November 10 – Robert Towns, merchant, founder of Townsville, Queensland, Australia (d. 1873)

Date unknown

* Caroline Howard Gilman, American author (d. 1888) * Gustafva Lindskog, Swedish athlete (d. 1851)

Deaths

Saint-Just-French anon-MBA Lyon 1955-2-IMG 0450

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading (871), Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred the Great, Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasi ...

– Nicolas Luckner, Marshal of France (executed) (b. 1722) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...

** Pierre Bouchet, French physician (b. 1752) ** Maurice d'Elbée, French Revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1752) *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi becomes emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty in succession to his brother, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong, despite a challenge from his other brother, Sima Ying. * 871 ...

– Justus Möser, German statesman (b. 1720) *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...

– Caroline Townshend, 1st Baroness Greenwich, English peeress (b. 1717) *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1458 BC – Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings. * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the R ...

– Edward Gibbon, English historian (b. 1737) *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...

– Peniston Portlock Powney, English politician (b. 1743) *

January 28 Events Pre-1600 *AD 98, 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accessi ...

– Henri de la Rochejaquelein, French Revolutionary leader (b. 1772) *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on th ...

– Mariot Arbuthnot, British admiral (b. 1711) * February 10 – Jacques Roux, French priest (b. 1752) *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular. * 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...

– Mahadaji Shinde, Maratha emperor of India (1764–1794) * March 24 – Jacques Hébert, French Revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1757) * March 29 – Marquis de Condorcet, French mathematician, philosopher and political scientist (died in prison) (b. 1743) *

** Georges Danton, French Revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1759) ** Camille Desmoulins, French Revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1760) ** Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles, French Revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1759) ** Fabre d'Églantine, French dramatist, revolutionary (executed) (b. 1750) ** François Joseph Westermann, French Revolutionary leader and general (executed) (b. 1751) * April 13 ** Pierre Gaspard Chaumette, French Revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1763) ** Lucile Duplessis, wife of Camille Desmoulins (executed) (b. 1770) * April 18 – Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1714) * April 23 – Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, French statesman (executed) (b. 1721) * April 27 ** James Bruce, Scottish explorer (b. 1730) ** Sir William Jones, British philologist (b. 1746) * May 8 – Antoine Lavoisier, French chemist (executed) (b. 1743) *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. * 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...

– Élisabeth of France, French princess (executed) (b. 1764) * May 17 – Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, 9th Baronet (b. 1752) * May 27 – Mary Palmer, English writer (b. 1716) * June 14 – Francis Seymour-Conway, 1st Marquess of Hertford, Viceroy of Ireland (b. 1718) * June 17 – Marguerite-Élie Guadet, French Revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1753) * June 18 ** François Buzot, French Revolutionary leader (suicide) (b. 1760) ** James Murray, British military officer, administrator (b. 1721) * June 19 – Richard Henry Lee, 12th President of the Continental Congress (b. 1732) * June 25 – Jean-Olivier Briand, French-born Catholic bishop of Quebec (b. 1715) * June 27 ** Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg, Austrian statesman (b. 1711) ** Philippe de Noailles, French soldier (executed) (b. 1715) ** Victor de Broglie, French soldier (executed) (b. 1756) * July 13 – James Lind, British pioneer of naval hygiene in the Royal Navy (b. 1716) * July 17 – John Roebuck, English inventor (b. 1718) * July 23 – Alexandre de Beauharnais, French politician and general (executed) (b. 1760) * July 25 ** André Chénier, French writer (executed) (b. 1762) ** Joseph Frye, American general (b. 1712) *

Maximilien Robespierre Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (; ; 6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman, widely recognised as one of the most influential and controversial figures of the French Revolution. Robespierre ferv ...

, French Revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1758) ** Augustin Robespierre, French Revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1763) ** Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, French Revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1767) ** Jean-Baptiste de Lavalette, French general (executed) (b. 1753) ** François Hanriot, French Revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1761) * August 6 – Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst, British politician (b. 1714) * August 14 – Jacoba van den Brande, Dutch cultural personality (b. 1735) * August 17 – Countess Palatine Elisabeth Auguste of Sulzbach, politically active Electress of Bavaria (b. 1721) * September 1 – Catherine Théot, French visionary (b. 1716) * September 4 – John Hely-Hutchinson, Irish statesman (b. 1724) * September 15 – Abraham Clark, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1725) * September 16 – Hester Bateman, English silversmith (bap. 1708) * September 25 – Paul Rabaut, French Huguenot pastor (b. 1718) * October 21 ** Francis Light, founder of the British colony of Penang (b. 1740) ** Antoine Petit, French physician (b. 1722) * November 3 – François-Joachim de Pierre de Bernis, French cardinal, statesman (b. 1715) * November 9 – Thomas Walker, distinguished Virginia physician, explorer (b. 1715) * November 15 ** Countess Palatine Maria Franziska of Sulzbach, German aristocrat (b. 1724) ** John Witherspoon, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1723) * November 22 ** John Alsop, American Continental Congressman (b. 1724) ** Alison Cockburn, British poet (b. 1712) * November 28 ** Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Prussian army officer (b. 1730) ** Sir James Tylney-Long, 7th Baronet, English politician (b. 1736) * December 2 – Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost, German physician (b. 1715) * December 12 – Meshullam Feivush Heller, Austrian Hasidic author (b. c. 1742) * December 16 – Jean-Baptiste Carrier, French Revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1756)

References

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