Events

January–March

January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded wh ...

–

Mustafa III Mustafa III (; ''Muṣṭafā-yi sālis''; 28 January 1717 – 21 January 1774) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1757 to 1774. He was a son of Sultan Ahmed III (1703–30), and his consort Mihrişah Kadın. He was succeeded b ...

Sultan Sultan (; ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be use ...

of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

, dies and is succeeded by his brother

Abdul Hamid I Abdulhamid I or Abdul Hamid I (, ''`Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i evvel''; ; 20 March 1725 – 7 April 1789) was the 27th sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1774 to 1789. A devout and pacifist sultan, he inherited a bankrupt empire and sought military r ...

. *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to become monks by Constantine VII, who becomes sole emperor of the ...

** An angry crowd in

Boston Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...

Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...

seizes, tars, and feathers British customs collector and Loyalist John Malcolm, for striking a boy and a shoemaker, George Hewes, with his cane. ** British industrialist John Wilkinson

patent A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an sufficiency of disclosure, enabling discl ...

s a method for boring

cannon A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during th ...

from the solid, subsequently utilised for accurate boring of

steam engine A steam engine is a heat engine that performs Work (physics), mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a Cylinder (locomotive), cyl ...

cylinders. *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1047 – Drogo of Hauteville is elected as count of the Apulian Normans during the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, u ...

– The

Privy Council of Great Britain The Privy Council, formally His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the sovereign of the United Kingdom. Its members, known as privy counsellors, are mainly senior politicians who are current or former m ...

, as advisors to King George III, votes for the King's abolition of free land grants of North American lands. Henceforward, land is to be sold at auction to the highest bidder. *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Hormizd IV, king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown and blinded by his brothers-in-law Vistahm and Vinduyih. * 1579 – The Diocese of Manila is erected by papal bull, with Domingo de Salazar appointe ...

– The

Parlement of Paris The ''Parlement'' of Paris () was the oldest ''parlement'' in the Kingdom of France, formed in the 14th century. Parlements were judicial, rather than legislative, bodies and were composed of magistrates. Though not representative bodies in the p ...

votes a sentence of civil degradation, depriving

Pierre Beaumarchais Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais (; 24 January 1732 – 18 May 1799) was a French playwright and diplomat during the Age of Enlightenment. Best known for his three #Figaro plays, Figaro plays, at various times in his life he was also a watc ...

of all rights and duties of citizenship. *

February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 & ...

– The volunteer fire company of

Trenton, New Jersey Trenton is the List of capitals in the United States, capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey and the county seat of Mercer County, New Jersey, Mercer County. It was the federal capital, capital of the United States from November 1 until D ...

, predecessor to the paid Trenton Fire Department created in 1892, is founded. In 1905, at 131 years, it claims to be the oldest continuously serving department in the U.S. *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. ...

– The

Province of Massachusetts Bay The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a colony in New England which became one of the thirteen original states of the United States. It was chartered on October 7, 1691, by William III and Mary II, the joint monarchs of the kingdoms of Eng ...

House of Representatives votes, 92 to 8, to impeach Superior Court Chief Justice Peter Oliver, but Provincial Governor Thomas Hutchinson refuses to allow the trial to proceed. *

March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes ...

– The ''Boston Journal'' makes the first reference to the " Stars and Stripes" flag to symbolize the American colonies, reporting that "The American ensign now sparkles a door which shall shortly flame from the skies." *

March 31 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. * 1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging ...

–

Intolerable Acts The Intolerable Acts, sometimes referred to as the Insufferable Acts or Coercive Acts, were a series of five punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. The laws aimed to punish Massachusetts colonists fo ...

: The

British Parliament The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, and may also legislate for the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It meets at the Palace of ...

passes the

Boston Port Act The Boston Port Act, also called the Trade Act 1774 ( 14 Geo. 3. c. 19), was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain which became law on March 31, 1774, and took effect on June 1, 1774. It was one of five measures (variously called the ''Into ...

, closing the port of Boston, Massachusetts, as punishment for the

Boston Tea Party The Boston Tea Party was a seminal American protest, political and Mercantilism, mercantile protest on December 16, 1773, during the American Revolution. Initiated by Sons of Liberty activists in Boston in Province of Massachusetts Bay, colo ...

.Gordon Carruth, ed., ''The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates'' 3rd Edition (Thomas Y. Crowell, 1962) pp80-82

April–June

April 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. * 1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of H ...

– The first avowedly Unitarian congregation, Essex Street Chapel, is founded in London by

Theophilus Lindsey Theophilus Lindsey (20 June 1723 O.S.3 November 1808) was an English theologian and clergyman who founded the first avowedly Unitarian congregation in the country, at Essex Street Chapel. Lindsey's 1774 revised prayer book based on Samuel C ...

. *

April 19 Events Pre-1600 *AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Pisonian conspiracy, Piso's plot to kill the Roman emperor, Emperor Nero and all of the List of conspiracies (political), conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callini ...

– The premiere of ''

Iphigénie en Aulide ''Iphigénie en Aulide'' (''Iphigeneia in Aulis (ancient Greece), Aulis'') is an opera in three acts by Christoph Willibald Gluck, the first work he wrote for the Paris stage. The libretto was written by François-Louis Gand Le Bland Du Roullet ...

'' by

Christoph Willibald Gluck Christoph Willibald (Ritter von) Gluck (; ; 2 July 1714 – 15 November 1787) was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period (music), classical period. Born in the Upper Palatinate and raised in Bohemia, both part of th ...

sparks a huge controversy, almost a war, such as has not been seen in Paris since the

Querelle des Bouffons The ("Quarrel of the Comic Actors"), also known as the ("War of the Comic Actors"), was the name given to a battle of musical philosophies that took place in Paris between 1752 and 1754. The controversy concerned the relative merits of French ...

. *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. * 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...

–

Louis XVI Louis XVI (Louis-Auguste; ; 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. The son of Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765), Louis, Dauphin of France (son and heir- ...

becomes King of France, following the death of his grandfather,

Louis XV Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (), was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reached maturity (then defi ...

. *

May 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. * 1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explo ...

– The colony of

Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Rhode Island ( ) is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Connecticut to its west; Massachusetts to its north and east; and the Atlantic Ocean to its south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Island ...

issues the first call for an "Intercolonial Congress" that eventually is set up as the

Continental Congress The Continental Congress was a series of legislature, legislative bodies, with some executive function, for the Thirteen Colonies of British America, Great Britain in North America, and the newly declared United States before, during, and after ...

. *

May 19 Events Pre-1600 * 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace. * 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected. * 934 – The Byzantine Empire reconquers Melitene under ...

–

Shakers The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, more commonly known as the Shakers, are a Millenarianism, millenarian Restorationism, restorationist Christianity, Christian sect founded in England and then organized in the Unit ...

Ann Lee Ann Lee (29 February 1736 – 8 September 1784), commonly known as Mother Ann Lee, was the founding leader of the Shakers, later changed to United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing following her death. She was born during ...

and eight followers sail from Liverpool, England for

colonial America The colonial history of the United States covers the period of European colonization of North America from the late 15th century until the unifying of the Thirteen British Colonies and creation of the United States in 1776, during the Re ...

. *

June 2 Events Pre-1600 * 260 – Sima Zhao's regicide of Cao Mao: The figurehead Wei emperor Cao Mao personally leads an attempt to oust his regent, Sima Zhao; the attempted coup is crushed and the emperor killed. * 455 – Sack of Rome: ...

–

: A new

Quartering Act The Quartering Acts were several acts of the Parliament of Great Britain which required local authorities in the Thirteen Colonies of British North America to provide British Army personnel in the colonies with housing and food. Each of the Qua ...

, requiring

American colonists The colonial history of the United States covers the period of European colonization of the Americas, European colonization of North America from the late 15th century until the unifying of the Thirteen Colonies, Thirteen British Colonies a ...

to provide better housing for British soldiers upon demand, is passed. *

June 16 Events Pre-1600 * 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king (''shah'') of the Persian Empire. He becomes the last ruler of the Sasanian dynasty (modern Iran). *1407 – Ming–Hồ War: Retired King Hồ Quý Ly and his son K ...

– 17 – English explorer

James Cook Captain (Royal Navy), Captain James Cook (7 November 1728 – 14 February 1779) was a British Royal Navy officer, explorer, and cartographer famous for his three voyages of exploration to the Pacific and Southern Oceans, conducted between 176 ...

becomes the first European to sight (and name)

Palmerston Island Palmerston Island is a coral atoll in the Cook Islands in the Pacific Ocean about northwest of Rarotonga. James Cook landed there on 16 June 1774. Overview Palmerston Island is one of a number of sandy islets on a continuous ring of coral ree ...

in the South Pacific Ocean. *

June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. * 1180 – First Battle of Uji, startin ...

(June 9 O.S.) –

Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) The Russo-Turkish wars ( ), or the Russo-Ottoman wars (), began in 1568 and continued intermittently until 1918. They consisted of twelve conflicts in total, making them one of the longest series of wars in the history of Europe. All but four of ...

Battle of Kozludzha The Battle of Kozludzha (also known as the Battle of Kozludža or the Battle of Kozluca), fought on 20 June (Old Style - June 9) 1774 near the village of Kozludzha (now Suvorovo, Bulgaria), was one of the final and decisive battles of the Russo-T ...

– The

Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army () was the army of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was organized into a standing army and a state militia. The standing army consisted of Regular army, regular troops and ...

, led by

Alexander Suvorov Count Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov-Rymniksky, Prince of Italy () was a Russian general and military theorist in the service of the Russian Empire. Born in Moscow, he studied military history as a young boy and joined the Imperial Russian ...

, routs numerically superior

forces. *

June 22 Events Pre-1600 *217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. *168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Roman Republic, Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus, Luciu ...

– The Parliament of Great Britain passes the

Quebec Act The Quebec Act 1774 ( 14 Geo. 3. c. 83) () was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain which set procedures of governance in the Province of Quebec. One of the principal components of the act was the expansion of the province's territory t ...

, setting out rules of governance for the colony of

Quebec Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...

in British North America, enlarging its territory as far south as the

Ohio River The Ohio River () is a river in the United States. It is located at the boundary of the Midwestern and Southern United States, flowing in a southwesterly direction from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to its river mouth, mouth on the Mississippi Riv ...

and west to the

Mississippi River The Mississippi River is the main stem, primary river of the largest drainage basin in the United States. It is the second-longest river in the United States, behind only the Missouri River, Missouri. From its traditional source of Lake Ita ...

, in the area now occupied by the U.S. states of Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio and granting freedom of religion for Roman Catholics.

July–September

July 21 Events Pre-1600 * 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson. * 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became th ...

–

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

and the

sign the

Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (; ), formerly often written Kuchuk-Kainarji, was a peace treaty signed on , in Küçük Kaynarca (today Kaynardzha, Bulgaria and Cuiugiuc, Romania) between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, ending the R ...

with Russian victory, ending six years of war. The treaty gives Russia the right to intervene in Ottoman politics, to protect its Christian subjects. *

August 1 Events Pre-1600 * 30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. *AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt u ...

– The element

oxygen Oxygen is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group (periodic table), group in the periodic table, a highly reactivity (chemistry), reactive nonmetal (chemistry), non ...

is discovered for the third time (the second quantitatively, following the somewhat earlier work of

Carl Wilhelm Scheele Carl Wilhelm Scheele (, ; 9 December 1742 – 21 May 1786) was a Swedish Pomerania, German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist. Scheele discovered oxygen (although Joseph Priestley published his findings first), and identified the elements molybd ...

(1771–72) by

Joseph Priestley Joseph Priestley (; 24 March 1733 – 6 February 1804) was an English chemist, Unitarian, Natural philosophy, natural philosopher, English Separatist, separatist theologian, Linguist, grammarian, multi-subject educator and Classical libera ...

, who publishes the fact in

1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement on April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's ride. The Second Continental Congress took various steps tow ...

, and so names the element (and usually gets all the credit, because his work was published first). *

August 6 Events Pre-1600 *686 – The Ummayad forces suffer a deceisive defeat against the pro-Alid forces under Ibrahim ibn al-Ashtar in the battle of Khazir. *1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria (1284), Battle o ...

–

and the Shakers arrive in America and settle in New York. *

September 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time the seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated. *1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of A ...

–

Powder Alarm The Massachusetts Powder Alarm was a major popular reaction to the removal of gunpowder from a magazine near Boston by British soldiers under orders from General Thomas Gage, royal governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, on September 1 ...

Thomas Gage General Thomas Gage (10 March 1718/192 April 1787) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator best known for his many years of service in North America, including serving as Commander-in-Chief, North America during the early days ...

, royal governor of the

, orders British soldiers to remove gunpowder from a

magazine A magazine is a periodical literature, periodical publication, print or digital, produced on a regular schedule, that contains any of a variety of subject-oriented textual and visual content (media), content forms. Magazines are generally fin ...

, causing

Patriot A patriot is a person with the quality of patriotism. Patriot(s) or The Patriot(s) may also refer to: Political and military groups United States * Patriot (American Revolution), those who supported the cause of independence in the American R ...

s to prepare for war. *

September 4 Events Pre-1600 * 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus Fall of the Western Roman Empire, ending the Western Roman Empire. * 626 – Li Shimin, Posthumous name, posthumously known as ...

– English explorer

becomes the first European to sight (and name) the island of

New Caledonia New Caledonia ( ; ) is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, southwest of Vanuatu and east of Australia. Located from Metropolitan France, it forms a Overseas France#Sui generis collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of t ...

Melanesia Melanesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It extends from New Guinea in the west to the Fiji Islands in the east, and includes the Arafura Sea. The region includes the four independent countries of Fiji, Vanu ...

. *

September 5 Events Pre-1600 * 917 – Liu Yan declares himself emperor, establishing the Southern Han state in southern China, at his capital of Panyu. * 1367 – Swa Saw Ke becomes king of Ava *1590 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Hen ...

– The

First Continental Congress The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates of twelve of the Thirteen Colonies held from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia at the beginning of the American Revolution. The meeting was organized b ...

assembles in

Philadelphia Philadelphia ( ), colloquially referred to as Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania, most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population, sixth-most populous city in the Unit ...

. *

September 15 Events Pre-1600 * 994 – Major Fatimid victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Orontes. * 1440 – Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against hi ...

–

Yemelyan Pugachev Yemelyan Ivanovich Pugachev (also spelled Pugachyov; ; ) was an ataman of the Yaik Cossacks and the leader of the Pugachev's Rebellion, a major popular uprising in the Russian Empire during the reign of Catherine the Great. The son of a Do ...

, leader of

Pugachev's Rebellion Pugachev's Rebellion (; also called the Peasants' War 1773–1775 or Cossack Rebellion) of 1773–1775 was the principal revolt in a series of popular rebellions that took place in the Russian Empire after Catherine II seized power in 1762. It ...

against Russia by the

Yaik Cossacks The Ural Cossack Host was a cossack host formed from the Ural Cossacks – those Eurasian cossacks settled by the Ural River. Their alternative name, Yaik Cossacks, comes from the old name of the river. They were also known by the names: *Rus ...

, is betrayed by his own men after returning to Yaitsk (now

Oral, Kazakhstan Oral (, ), also known as Uralsk (, ), is a city in northwestern Kazakhstan, at the confluence of the Ural (river), Ural and Chagan (Ural), Chagan rivers close to the Russian Kazakhstan–Russia border, border. As it is located on the western bank ...

). *

September 21 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Italy with a Gallic army and consolidates his power. * 1170 – Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland: The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Anglo-Norman invaders. * 1217 – Livonian Crusa ...

–

George Mason George Mason (October 7, 1792) was an American planter, politician, Founding Father, and delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787, where he was one of three delegates who refused to sign the Constitution. His wr ...

and

George Washington George Washington (, 1799) was a Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot (American Revoluti ...

found the

Fairfax County Fairfax County, officially the County of Fairfax, is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. With a population of 1,150,309 as of the 2020 census, it is the most populous county in Virginia, the most populous jurisdiction in the Washington ...

Militia A militia ( ) is a military or paramilitary force that comprises civilian members, as opposed to a professional standing army of regular, full-time military personnel. Militias may be raised in times of need to support regular troops or se ...

Association, a military unit independent of British control. *

September 29 Events Pre-1600 * 61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday. * 1011 – Danes capture Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah ...

–

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language. His work has had a wide-ranging influence on Western literature, literary, Polit ...

's semi-autobiographical

epistolary novel An epistolary novel () is a novel written as a series of letters between the fictional characters of a narrative. The term is often extended to cover novels that intersperse other kinds of fictional document with the letters, most commonly di ...

The Sorrows of Young Werther ''The Sorrows of Young Werther'' (; ), or simply ''Werther'', is a 1774 epistolary novel by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, which appeared as a revised edition in 1787. It was one of the main novels in the ''Sturm und Drang'' ...

'' (''Die Leiden des jungen Werthers'') (written January–March) is published anonymously in Leipzig, Germany; it is influential in the ''

Sturm und Drang (, ; usually translated as "storm and stress") was a proto-Romanticism, Romantic movement in German literature and Music of Germany, music that occurred between the late 1760s and early 1780s. Within the movement, individual subjectivity an ...

'' movement and

Romanticism Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century. The purpose of the movement was to advocate for the importance of subjec ...

October–December

October 10 Events Pre-1600 * 19 – The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to ...

Dunmore's War Lord Dunmore's War, also known as Dunmore's War, was a brief conflict in the fall of 1774 between the British Colony of Virginia and the Shawnee and Mingo in the trans-Appalachia region of the colony south of the Ohio River. Broadly, the war in ...

–

Battle of Point Pleasant The Battle of Point Pleasant, also known as the Battle of Kanawha and the Battle of Great Kanawha, was the only major action of Dunmore's War. It was fought on October 10, 1774, between the Virginia militia and Shawnee and Mingo warriors. Along ...

Cornstalk "Corn stalk" or "Cornstalk" may refer to: * The stem of a maize plant * ''Dracaena fragrans'' or cornstalk dracaena, a flowering plant * Cornstalk (Shawnee leader), a Shawnee Indian chief during the American Revolution (1720–1777) * Cornstalk, We ...

is forced to make peace with Dunmore at the

Treaty of Camp Charlotte Lord Dunmore's War, also known as Dunmore's War, was a brief conflict in the fall of 1774 between the British Colony of Virginia and the Shawnee and Mingo in the trans-Appalachia region of the colony south of the Ohio River. Broadly, the war incl ...

, ceding

Shawnee The Shawnee ( ) are a Native American people of the Northeastern Woodlands. Their language, Shawnee, is an Algonquian language. Their precontact homeland was likely centered in southern Ohio. In the 17th century, they dispersed through Ohi ...

land claims south of the

Ohio Ohio ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the ...

(modern

Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...

) to

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...

. ** English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name)

Norfolk Island Norfolk Island ( , ; ) is an States and territories of Australia, external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head, New South Wales, Evans Head and a ...

in the Pacific Ocean, uninhabited at this date. *

October 14 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings. *1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's in ...

– The

in America adopts the Declaration of Rights and Resolves, with 10 principles. *

October 20 Events Pre-1600 *1568 – The Spanish Duke of Alba defeats a Dutch rebel force under William the Silent. * 1572 – Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the r ...

– The

passes the

Continental Association The Continental Association, also known as the Articles of Association or simply the Association, was an agreement among the Thirteen Colonies, American colonies, adopted by the First Continental Congress, which met inside Carpenters' Hall in Phi ...

, a colony-wide boycotting of British goods. Theater performances in the American colonies are also halted, on the Congress's recommendation that the member colonies "discountenance and discourage all horse racing and all kinds of gaming, cock fighting, exhibitions of shows, plays, and other expensive diversions and entertainments." *

October 21 Events Pre-1600 *1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade at the Battle of Civetot. * 1097 – First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toul ...

– The word ''Liberty'' is first displayed on a flag raised by colonists in

Taunton, Massachusetts Taunton is a city in and the county seat of Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. Taunton is situated on the Taunton River, which winds its way through the city on its way to Mount Hope Bay, to the south. As of the 2020 United States ...

, in defiance of British rule in

Colonial America The colonial history of the United States covers the period of European colonization of North America from the late 15th century until the unifying of the Thirteen British Colonies and creation of the United States in 1776, during the Re ...

. *

October 25 Events Pre-1600 * 285 or 286 – Execution of Crispin and Crispinian, Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers. * 473 – Emperor Leo I (emperor), ...

– The

Edenton Tea Party The Edenton Tea Party was a political protest in Edenton, North Carolina, in response to the Tea Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1773. It was one of the first instances of political activism by women in the Thirteen Colonies. In Octobe ...

takes place in

North Carolina North Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia (U.S. stat ...

, marking the first major gathering of women in support of the American cause. *

October 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1185 – The Uprising of Asen and Peter begins on the feast day of St. Demetrius of Thessaloniki and ends with the creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire. * 1341 – The Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 formally ...

– The first

adjourns in

. *

November 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1354 – War of the Straits: The Genoese fleet under Paganino Doria defeats and captures the entire Venetian fleet under Niccolò Pisani at the Battle of Sapienza. * 1429 – Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War: Jo ...

– The

Maryland Jockey Club The Maryland Jockey Club is a sporting organization dedicated to horse racing, founded in Annapolis in 1743. It is chartered as the oldest sporting organization and is currently the corporate name of the company that operates Laurel Park Racecours ...

follows a recommendation of the Continental Congress and cancels its race schedule. The decision sets a precedent for other jockey clubs in the colonies, and no major races are held until the end of the American Revolution. *

November 10 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Emperor Leo II dies after a reign of ten months. He is succeeded by his father Zeno, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. * 937 – Ten Kingdoms: Li Bian usurps the throne and deposes Emperor Y ...

–

1774 British general election The 1774 British general election returned members to serve in the House of Commons of Great Britain, House of Commons of the 14th Parliament of Great Britain to be held, after the merger of the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotlan ...

: Voting for the House of Commons concludes in Great Britain, and

Lord North Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (13 April 17325 August 1792), better known by his courtesy title Lord North, which he used from 1752 to 1790, was Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782. He led Great Britain through most of the ...

retains the office of Prime Minister as his Tory coalition wins 343 of the 558 seats.

Henry Seymour Conway Field Marshal Henry Seymour Conway (1721 – 9 July 1795) was a British general and statesman. A brother of the 1st Marquess of Hertford, and cousin of Horace Walpole, he began his military career in the War of the Austrian Succession. He held ...

's Whig Party wins the other 215 seats. *

November 15 Events Pre-1600 * 655 – Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. * 1315 – Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle ...

– The government of the

Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice, officially the Most Serene Republic of Venice and traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and Maritime republics, maritime republic with its capital in Venice. Founded, according to tradition, in 697 ...

allows adventurer and ladies' man

Giacomo Casanova Giacomo Girolamo Casanova (; ; 2 April 1725 – 4 June 1798) was an Italian adventurer who was born in the Republic of Venice and travelled extensively throughout Europe. He is chiefly remembered for his autobiography, written in French and pu ...

to return home after a 17-year absence. *

November 20 Events Pre-1600 * 284 – Diocletian is chosen as Roman emperor. * 762 – During the An Shi Rebellion, the Tang dynasty, with the help of Huihe tribe, recaptures Luoyang from the rebels. *1194 – Palermo is conquered by Henry ...

–

Daniel Boone Daniel Boone (, 1734September 26, 1820) was an American pioneer and frontiersman whose exploits made him one of the first folk heroes of the United States. He became famous for his exploration and settlement of Kentucky, which was then beyo ...

retires from the Virginia colonial militia in order to devote his full time to establishing a settlement in

. *

November 25 Events Pre-1600 *571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Ancient Rome, Rome, celebrates the first of his three Roman triumph, triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans. *1034 – Máel Coluim II of Scotland, Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, Ki ...

–

Salawat Yulayev Salawat Yulayev (; ; June 1754 – 8 October 1800) was a Bashkirs, Bashkir national hero who helped lead the Pugachev's Rebellion. He was also a poet and singer. Biography Salawat Yulayev was born in the village of Tekeyevo, Orenburg Governo ...

, the leader of the

Bashkirs The Bashkirs ( , ) or Bashkorts (, ; , ) are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group indigenous to Russia. They are concentrated in Bashkortostan, a Republics of Russia, republic of the Russian Federation and in the broader historical region of B ...

rebellion against the Russian government, is captured, bringing an end to the insurrection. *

November 26 Events Pre-1600 * 783 – The Asturian queen Adosinda is held at a monastery to prevent her nephew from retaking the throne from Mauregatus. * 1161 – Battle of Caishi: A Song dynasty fleet fights a naval engagement with Jin dy ...

– English chemist

becomes the first person to discover and identify

sulfur dioxide Sulfur dioxide (IUPAC-recommended spelling) or sulphur dioxide (traditional Commonwealth English) is the chemical compound with the formula . It is a colorless gas with a pungent smell that is responsible for the odor of burnt matches. It is r ...

. *

November 27 Events Pre-1600 * AD 25 – Luoyang is declared capital of the Eastern Han dynasty by Emperor Guangwu of Han. * 176 – Emperor Marcus Aurelius grants his son Commodus the rank of " Imperator" and makes him Supreme Commander of th ...

– Spanish Navy Captain

Domingo de Bonechea Domingo Bernardo de Bonechea Andonaegui (21 September 1713 – 26 January 1775) was a Spanish Navy officer and explorer. He is known for having tried to incorporate Tahiti into the Spanish Empire. De Bonechea's exploratory voyages were commission ...

arrives at

Tahiti Tahiti (; Tahitian language, Tahitian , ; ) is the largest island of the Windward Islands (Society Islands), Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France. It is located in the central part of t ...

in the ship ''Aguila'' and tries unsuccessfully to claim it for Spain and to convert the Tahitians to the Roman Catholic faith. *

November 30 Events Pre-1600 * 978 – Franco-German war of 978–980: Holy Roman Emperor Otto II lifts the siege of Paris and withdraws. 1601–1900 *1707 – Queen Anne's War: The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of t ...

**Parliament adjourns in Great Britain, but declines to authorize any action against the rebellious American colonies, despite an address the day before by

King George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, Ireland from 25 October 1760 until his death in 1820. The Acts of Union 1800 unified Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and ...

and Prime Minister North. **

Thomas Paine Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain; – In the contemporary record as noted by Conway, Paine's birth date is given as January 29, 1736–37. Common practice was to use a dash or a slash to separate the old-style year from the new-style year. In ...

, a native of England, arrives in America at the age 37 and soon becomes an influential advocate for the colonies' independence. *

December 1 Events Pre-1600 * 800 – A council is convened in the Vatican, at which Charlemagne is to judge the accusations against Pope Leo III. * 1420 – Henry V of England enters Paris alongside his father-in-law King Charles VI of France. * ...

– A boycott called by the Continental Congress goes into effect, as participating merchants and supporters cease the importation or consumption of products from Great Britain, Ireland or the British West Indies. *

December 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1060 – Béla I is crowned king of Hungary. * 1240 – Mongol invasion of Rus': Kyiv, defended by Voivode Dmytro, falls to the Mongols under Batu Khan. *1492 – After exploring the island of Cuba (which he h ...

– Archduchess

Maria Theresa Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the ruler of the Habsburg monarchy from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position suo jure, in her own right. She was the ...

, the ruler of Austria, Hungary and Croatia, signs the General School Ordinance providing for education for both males and females and setting compulsory education for children aged six through 12. *

December 9 Events Pre-1600 * 536 – Gothic War: The Byzantine general Belisarius enters Rome unopposed; the Gothic garrison flees the capital. * 730 – Battle of Marj Ardabil: The Khazars annihilate an Umayyad army and kill its commander, ...

– The two month long Siege of Melilla begins as armies led by the Sultan of Morocco,

Mohammed ben Abdallah ''Sidi'' Mohammed ben Abdallah ''al-Khatib'' (), known as Mohammed III (), born in 1710 in Fez, Morocco, Fes and died on 9 April 1790 in Meknes, was the List of rulers of Morocco, Sultan of Morocco from 1757 to 1790 as a member of the 'Alawi dyna ...

, attack the North African Spanish colony of

Melilla Melilla (, ; ) is an autonomous city of Spain on the North African coast. It lies on the eastern side of the Cape Three Forks, bordering Morocco and facing the Mediterranean Sea. It has an area of . It was part of the Province of Málaga un ...

(which remains a part of Spain into the 21st century). *

December 23 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – The Arian Vandal Kingdom ceases its persecution of Nicene Christianity. * 558 – Chlothar I is crowned King of the Franks. * 583 – Maya queen Yohl Ik'nal is crowned ruler of Palenque. * 962 &ndash ...

– King

Louis XVI of France Louis XVI (Louis-Auguste; ; 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. The son of Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765), Louis, Dauphin of France (son and heir- ...

issues a declaration that, for the first time, protects "the free commerce of meat during

Lent Lent (, 'Fortieth') is the solemn Christianity, Christian religious moveable feast#Lent, observance in the liturgical year in preparation for Easter. It echoes the 40 days Jesus spent fasting in the desert and enduring Temptation of Christ, t ...

" to support the needs of "the poor whose infirmity requires them to eat meat."

Date unknown

* To avoid severe flooding, Martinsborough,

is moved to higher ground west. The

North Carolina General Assembly The North Carolina General Assembly is the Bicameralism, bicameral legislature of the Government of North Carolina, state government of North Carolina. The legislature consists of two chambers: the North Carolina Senate, Senate and the North Ca ...

incorporates Martinsborough as the new seat of

Pitt County Pitt County is a county located in the Inner Banks region of the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 170,243, making it the 14th-most populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Greenville. Pitt ...

, 3 years after its founding. * German cobbler

Johann Birkenstock Birkenstock Holding plc is a German shoe manufacturer known for its sandals and other shoes notable for contoured cork footbeds (soles), made with layers of suede and jute, which conform to the shape of their wearers' feet. Founded in 1774 by J ...

creates the first

Birkenstock Birkenstock Holding plc is a German shoe manufacturer known for its sandals and other shoes notable for contoured cork footbeds (soles), made with layers of suede and jute, which conform to the shape of their wearers' feet. Founded in 1774 by J ...

sandals Sandals are an open type of shoe, consisting of a Sole (shoe), sole held to the wearer's foot by straps going over the instep and around the ankle. Sandals can also have a heel. While the distinction between sandals and other types of footwear ...

. * A revision of the

laws of cricket The ''Laws of Cricket'' is a code that specifies the rules of the game of cricket worldwide. The earliest known code was drafted in 1744. Since 1788, the code has been owned and maintained by the private Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in Lord's Cr ...

introduces a

leg before wicket Leg before wicket (lbw) is one of the ways in which a Batting (cricket), batter can be dismissal (cricket), dismissed in the sport of cricket. Following an Appeal (cricket), appeal by the Fielding (cricket), fielding side, the umpire (cricket), ...

rule.

Births

RoseFortuneNovaScotiaArchievesandRecordsManagement

Carl_Freiherr_Haller_von_Hallerstein_by_Otto_Magnus_von_Stackelberg

Samuel_William_Reynolds_-_Mrs_Arbuthnot_-_B1970

Robert Southey - Project Gutenberg eText 13619

January

January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...

Lancelot Baugh Allen Lancelot Baugh Allen (1 January 1774 – 28 October 1845) was Master (college), Master of the College of God's Gift in Dulwich from 1811 to 1820. He was the son of John Bartlett Allen, a local landowner and colliery owner in Cresselly, Cresselly, ...

, Master of Dulwich College (d.

1845 Events January–March * January 1 – The Philippines began reckoning Asian dates by hopping the International Date Line through skipping Tuesday, December 31, 1844. That time zone shift was a reform made by Governor–General Narciso ...

) **

André Marie Constant Duméril André Marie Constant Duméril (1 January 1774 – 14 August 1860) was a French zoologist. He was professor of anatomy at the National Museum of Natural History (France), Muséum national d'histoire naturelle from 1801 to 1812, when he became pr ...

, French zoologist (d.

1860 Events January * January 2 – The astronomer Urbain Le Verrier announces the discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan (hypothetical planet), Vulcan at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France. * January 10 &ndas ...

) **

Pietro Giordani Pietro Giordani (January 1, 1774 – September 2, 1848) was an Italian writer, classical literary scholar, a Freemason of the Grand Orient of Italy and a close friend of, and influence on, Giacomo Leopardi. Biography Born in Piacenza, Giordan ...

, Italian writer (d.

1848 1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ...

) ** James Johnson, U.S. Representative from Kentucky (d.

1826 Events January–March * January 15 – The French newspaper ''Le Figaro'' begins publication in Paris, initially as a satirical weekly. * January 17 – The Ballantyne printing business in Edinburgh (Scotland) crashes, ruining noveli ...

) **

William Piper William Piper (January 1, 17741852) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Democratic-Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district from 1811 to 1813 and for Pennsylvan ...

, American politician (d.

1852 Events January–March * January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic. * January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come to ...

) *

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Emp ...

–

Thomas Lynn Commander Thomas Lynn (2 January 1774 – 2 May 1847) was a Bombay Marine officer and writer. Life He was born 2 January 1774 at Woodbridge, Suffolk, where his father was a medical practitioner. At the age of 11 he entered the Bombay Marine. On le ...

, British soldier (d.

1847 Events January–March * January 4 – Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the U.S. government. * January 13 – The Treaty of Cahuenga ends fighting in the Mexican–American War in California. * January 16 – John C. Fr� ...

) *

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

–

Juan Aldama Juan Aldama (January 3, 1774 in San Miguel el Grande, Guanajuato – June 26, 1811 in Chihuahua) was a Mexican revolutionary rebel soldier during the Mexican War of Independence in 1810. Biography He was also the brother of Ignacio Ald ...

, Jugador de Beisbole (d.

1811 Events January–March * January 8 – An unsuccessful slave revolt is led by Charles Deslondes, in St. Charles and St. James Parishes, Louisiana. * January 17 – Mexican War of Independence – Battle of Calderón ...

) *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading (871), Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred the Great, Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasi ...

Volant Vashon Ballard Volant Vashon Ballard CB ( bapt. 4 January 1774 – 12 October 1832) was a Rear-Admiral of the Royal Navy. He served as a midshipman with George Vancouver on his voyage to the north-west coast of America. Early career Christened on 4 January ...

, Royal Navy admiral (d.

1832 Events January–March * January 6 – Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison founds the New-England Anti-Slavery Society. * January 13 – The Christmas Rebellion of slaves is brought to an end in Jamaica, after the island's white pla ...

) ** Edward Dubois, English wit and man of letters (d.

1850 Events January–March * January 29 – Henry Clay introduces the Compromise of 1850 to the United States Congress. * January 31 – The University of Rochester is founded in Rochester, New York. * January – Sacramento, Ca ...

) ** William M. Richardson, American jurist and politician (d.

1838 Events January–March * January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London. * January 11 – At Morristown, New Jersey, Samuel Morse, Alfred Vail and Leonard Gale give the first public demonstration ...

) *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French ...

–

George Chinnery George Chinnery (; 5 January 1774 – 30 May 1852) was an English painter who spent most of his life in Asia, especially India and Northern and southern China, southern China. Early life Chinnery was born in London, where he studied a ...

, British artist (d.

) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...

Ole Elias Holck Ole Elias Holck (6 January 1774 – 14 July 1842) was a Norwegian military officer who served as a representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly. Ole Elias Holck was born at the village of Hyllestad in Gulen in Sogn og Fjordane, Norw ...

, officer, father of the Constitution of Norway, member of Stortinget (d.

1842 Events January–March * January 6– 13 – First Anglo-Afghan War – Massacre of Elphinstone's army (Battle of Gandamak): British East India Company troops are destroyed by Afghan forces on the road from Kabul to Jalalabad, Afghan ...

) ** James McCall, American politician (d.

1856 Events January–March * January 8 – Borax deposits are discovered in large quantities by John Veatch in California. * January 23 – The American sidewheel steamer SS ''Pacific'' leaves Liverpool (England) for a transatl ...

) *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of the Roman Republic, Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army, prompting the tribunes who support him to flee to where Caesar is waiting in Ravenna ...

Anna Bunina Anna Petrovna Bunina (, ; January 18, 1774 – December 16, 1829) was a Russian poet. She was the first female Russian writer to make a living solely from literary work. She belonged to the same noble family that Ivan Bunin and Vasily Zhukovsk ...

, Russian poet (d.

1829 Events January–March * January 19 – August Klingemann's adaptation of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's '' Faust'' premieres in Braunschweig. * February 27 – Battle of Tarqui: Troops of Gran Colombia and Peru battle to a draw. * Marc ...

) **

Samuel D. Purviance Samuel is a figure who, in the narratives of the Hebrew Bible, plays a key role in the transition from the biblical judges to the United Kingdom of Israel under Saul, and again in the monarchy's transition from Saul to David. He is venerate ...

, American politician (d.

1806 Events January–March *January 1 ** The French Republican Calendar is abolished. ** The Kingdom of Bavaria is established by Napoleon. *January 5 – The body of British naval leader Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, lies in state ...

) *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi becomes emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty in succession to his brother, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong, despite a challenge from his other brother, Sima Ying. * 871 ...

–

John Gibbons John Michael Gibbons (born June 8, 1962) is an American professional baseball coach, manager and former player. Gibbons played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a catcher with the New York Mets in 1984 and 1986. Gibbons became a coach for the ...

, English amateur cricketer (d.

1844 In the Philippines, 1844 had only 365 days, when Tuesday, December 31 was skipped as Monday, December 30 was immediately followed by Wednesday, January 1, 1845, the next day after. The change also applied to Caroline Islands, Guam, Marian ...

) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and th ...

Augustin de Macarty Augustin Francois de Macarty or McCarthy (January 10, 1774October 16, 1844) was an American planter who served as the sixth mayor of New Orleans from September 4, 1815, to May 13, 1820. He was a member of an influential Creole family ...

, American politician (d.

) **

Jean-Baptiste Muiron Jean-Baptiste Muiron (10 January 1774 – 15 November 1796) was a French Army officer. He rose to fame by allegedly sacrificing himself to save the life of General Bonaparte at the Battle of the Bridge of Arcole. A frigate captured in Venice, the ...

, French Army officer (d.

1796 Events January–March * January 16 – The first Dutch (and general) elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic. (The next Dutch general elections are held in 1888.) * February 1 – The capital of Upper Can ...

) ** William Stewart, British military officer (d.

1827 Events January–March * January 5 – The first regatta in Australia is held, taking place in Tasmania (called at the time ''Van Diemen's Land''), on the River Derwent at Hobart. * January 15 – Furman University, founded in 1826, b ...

) *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...

Antoine Drouot General Antoine Drouot, Comte Drout (11 January 1774 – 24 March 1847) was a French officer who fought in the French Revolutionary Wars, French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Drouot is one of a select group who were present at both the Battl ...

, French general (d.

) **

Charles Henry Schwanfelder Charles Henry Schwanfelder (1774–1837) was an English animal, landscape and portrait painter. Schwanfelder was born and died in Leeds. He was the son of a German decorative painter and started out helping his father to paint clock faces ...

, British artist (d.

1837 Events January–March * January 1 – The destructive Galilee earthquake causes thousands of deaths in Ottoman Syria. * January 26 – Michigan becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States. * February 4 – Seminoles attack Fo ...

) **

Tryphosa Jane Wallis Tryphosa Jane Wallis or Tryphosa Jane Campbell or Miss Wallis from Bath (11 January 1774 – 29 December 1848) was a British actress. Life Wallis was born on 11 January 1774 to a theatrical family in Richmond, Yorkshire, Richmond although her p ...

, English actress (d.

) *

January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – List of Byzantine emperors, Byzantine Emperor Zeno (emperor), Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. *1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crow ...

–

William Cahoon William Cahoon (January 12, 1774 – May 30, 1833) was an American judge and politician. He served as a United States House of Representatives, U.S. representative from Vermont for two terms from 1829 to 1833. Biography Cahoon was born in Provid ...

, American politician (d.

1833 Events January–March * January 3 – The United Kingdom reasserts British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. * February 6 (January 25 on the Greek calendar) – Prince Otto Friedrich Ludwig of Bavaria arr ...

) *

January 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. * 1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 * 1761 – The Third Battle of Panipat is fought in I ...

–

Benjamin Aislabie Benjamin Aislabie (14 January 1774 – 2 June 1842) was an English wine merchant, slave plantation owner and cricket administrator. He was the first Honorary Secretary of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and was influential in its early development ...

, cricketer (d.

) *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1458 BC – Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings. * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the R ...

– Daniel Evans, Welsh Independent minister (d.

1835 Events January–March * January 7 – anchors off the Chonos Archipelago on her second voyage, with Charles Darwin on board as naturalist. * January 8 – The United States public debt contracts to zero, for the only time in history. ...

) *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...

Marie-Thérèse Figueur Marie-Thérèse Figueur ( Talmay, 17 January 1774 – Paris, hospice des Petits Ménages, 4 January 1861), known by the ''nom de guerre'' ''Sans-Gêne'' (literally "unconstrained"), was a French soldier who fought in the French Revolutionary ...

, French writer (d.

1861 This year saw significant progress in the Unification of Italy, the outbreak of the American Civil War, and the emancipation reform abolishing serfdom in the Russian Empire. Events January * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico Ci ...

) **

Maria Theresa Kemble Maria Theresa Kemble (1774–1838), née Marie Thérèse Du Camp, was an Archduchy of Austria-born English actress, singer, dancer and comic playwright on the stage. She was the wife of actor Charles Kemble and mother of Fanny Kemble, part of t ...

, British actress (d.

) ** Georg Wilhelm Franz Wenderoth, German botanist (d.

) *

January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the C ...

Moses I. Cantine Moses I. Cantine (January 18, 1774 - January 24, 1823) was an American politician, judge and newspaper editor from New York. A Democratic-Republican, he was most notable for his service as a member of the New York State Senate and First Judge of ...

, American politician (d.

1823 Events January–March * January 22 – By secret treaty signed at the Congress of Verona, the Quintuple Alliance gives France a mandate to invade Spain for the purpose of restoring Ferdinand VII (who has been captured by armed revoluti ...

) **

James Millingen James Millingen (18 January 1774 – 1 October 1845), was a Dutch-English archaeologist and numismatist. Life He was the second son of Michael Millingen, a Dutch merchant originally from Rotterdam and then from Batavia in the western Netherlands ...

, British archaeologist (d.

) *

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to '' Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surren ...

Edward Protheroe Edward Protheroe (1774–1856) was an English merchant, ironmaster and coal-owner in the Forest of Dean, and plantation owner in Jamaica. He served as Member of Parliament for Bristol (UK Parliament constituency), Bristol from 1812 to 1820. Early ...

, British politician (d.

) **

Samuel Campbell Rowley Samuel Campbell Rowley was a politician and Royal Navy officer who was born in Ireland in 1774. Rowley attended the Royal Naval Academy at Portsmouth in 1785 and joined his first ship in March 1789, serving in the West Indies. He passed the lie ...

, naval officer and politician (d.

1846 Events January–March * January 5 – The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom. * January 13 – The Milan–Venice railway's bridge, over the Venetian Lagoon betwee ...

) *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. *1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry (bishop of Finland), Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Köyliönjärvi, Lake Köyli� ...

–

Charles George Beauclerk Charles George Beauclerk (20 January 1774 – 25 December 1845) was an English politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for the borough of Richmond from 1796 to 1798. Background and education He was the only son of Topham Beauclerk an ...

, British Member of Parliament (d.

) *

– William Kenrick, English lawyer and politician (d.

) *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...

–

Francesco Fuoco Francesco Fuoco (22 January 1774 – 2 April 1841) was an Itay, Italian philologist, economist and Catholic priest. Some of his works were published under the name of Giuseppe De Welz, a banker from Como, who hired Fuoco as a ghost writer. W ...

, Italian philologist, economist and Catholic priest (d.

1841 Events January–March * January 20 – Charles Elliot of the United Kingdom and Qishan of the Qing dynasty agree to the Convention of Chuenpi. * January 26 – Britain occupies Hong Kong. Later in the year, the first census of the ...

) *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. * 1229 ...

– Richard Southgate, American politician (d.

1857 Events January–March * January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, '' Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. * January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating. * Ja ...

) *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. * 1438 – The Co ...

Carl Abraham Arfwedson Carl Abraham Arfwedson (1774–1861) was a Swedish silk merchant, director and etching artist. Biography Carl Abraham Arfwedson was born to the rich trade merchant Carl Kristoffer Arfwedson (1735–1826) and Charlotta von Langenberg. He was the b ...

, Swedish silk merchant (d.

) **

Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx Arnold Timothée Albert Francois Joseph de Lasaulx (21 January 1774 – 18 July 1863) was a Belgian politician who served as the first Mayor of Neutral Moresnet from 1817 until 1859. Having served for more than 41 years, he was Neutral Moresne ...

, Belgian politician (d.

1863 Events January * January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate States of America an official war goal. The signing ...

) *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...

–

Jules-Paul Pasquier Jules-Paul Pasquier (1774–1858) was a French member of the Conseil d'État. Early life Jules-Paul Pasquier was born on 25 January 1774 in Paris. Career He served as the Prefect (France), prefet of the Sarthe departments from 1814 to 1818.Juli ...

, French jurist (d.

1858 Events January–March * January 9 ** Revolt of Rajab Ali: British forces finally defeat Rajab Ali Khan of Chittagong. ** Anson Jones, the last president of the Republic of Texas, commits suicide. * January 14 – Orsini affair: Pi ...

) *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler ...

** Olinthus Gregory, British astronomer (d.

) **

Sir Robert Shaw, 1st Baronet Colonel Sir Robert Shaw, 1st Baronet (29 January 1774 – 10 March 1849) of Bushy Park, Dublin was a Tory UK Member of Parliament, who represented Dublin City from 1804 to 1826. Early life Robert Shaw Jr was born in 1774, the eldest son o ...

, British politician (d.

1849 Events January–March * January 1 – France begins issue of the Ceres series (France), Ceres series, the nation's first postage stamps. * January 5 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Austrian army, led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisc ...

) *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 * 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. * 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 * 1607 – An es ...

– Samuel Butler, English classical scholar and schoolmaster (d.

1839 Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 – ...

) *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on th ...

William Blake William Blake (28 November 1757 – 12 August 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his life, Blake has become a seminal figure in the history of the Romantic poetry, poetry and visual art of the Roma ...

, British economist; (d.

) **

William George Maton William George Maton M.D. (31 January 1774 – 30 March 1835) was an English physician, a society doctor who became associated with the British royal family. He published on natural history and antiquarian topics. Life The son of George Maton, ...

, English physician (d.

) ** Thomas Veazey, American politician (d.

) ** Phineas Waller, Pennsylvanian farmer and landowner (d. 1859)

February

* February 1 ** John Douglas (died 1838), John Douglas, Tory politician (d.

) ** Ferdinánd Pálffy, Austrian theatre manager (d. 1840) * February 2 – Susan Montagu, Duchess of Manchester, British noble (d. 1828) *

** Edward Cross (zoo proprietor), Edward Cross, British zookeeper (d. 1854) ** Karl Mollweide, German mathematician (d. 1825) * February 4 – Frederick Traugott Pursh, German-American botanist (d. 1820) * February 5 – Juan Fermín de San Martín, Spanish military personnel (d. 1822) *

– Henry Bates Grubb, American ironmaster and businessman (d.

) *

– Frederik Christian Kielsen, Danish naturalist (d.

) * February 8 ** Karl Friedrich Heinrich, German classical philologist (d.

) ** Samuel Moore (congressman), Samuel Moore, American politician (d.

) ** Francisco de Paula Vieira da Silva de Tovar, 1st Viscount of Molelos, Portuguese general (d.

) * February 9 ** William Lattimore, American physician and politician (d. 1843) ** Juan José Viamonte, Argentine general (d. 1843) * February 11 ** Maxim Gauci, Maltese painter and lithographer (d. 1854) ** Hans Järta, Swedish politician, civil servant and administrator (d.

) * February 12 – Valentin Stanič, Austrian teacher (d.

) * February 13 ** Robert Curzon (MP, born 1774), Robert Curzon, British Member of Parliament (d.

) ** Thomas Myers (mathematician), Thomas Myers, British mathematician (d. 1834) * February 15 – Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau, Dutch prince (d. 1799) * February 16 ** Étienne Guy, Canadian politician, surveyor and militia officer (d. 1820) ** Pierre Rode, French violinist and composer (d. 1830) * February 17 ** Mykhailo Levytsky, Metropolitan of Lviv (d.

) ** Raphaelle Peale, painter from the United States (d. 1825) * February 18 – William Clark (congressman), William Clark, farmer, jurist, and politician from Dauphin, Pennsylvania (d. 1851) *

** Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, British and Hanoverian Royal (d.

) ** Archibald Constable, Scottish printer and publisher (d.

) ** Perley Keyes, American politician (d. 1834) ** Robert S. Rose, American politician (d.

) ** Alexander Wilmot Schomberg, British Royal Navy admiral (d.

) ** Roswell Weston, American lawyer and politician (d.

) * February 25 – George Gore (priest), George Gore, Anglican priest in Ireland (d.

) * February 26 ** Joseph Bédard (Lower Canada politician), Joseph Bédard, Canadian politician (d.

) ** William Farquhar, first British Resident and Commandant of colonial Singapore (d.

) ** Richard Rouse (Australian colonial settler), Richard Rouse, public servant and settler (d.

) * February 27 – Thomas Vasse, sea explorer (d. 1801) * February 28 ** Chamaraja Wodeyar IX, King of Mysore (d.

) ** Thomas Tooke, British economist (d.

)

March

* March 1 ** Magdalene of Canossa, Italian Religious Sister and foundress (d.

) ** Matthias B. Tallmadge, United States federal judge (d. 1819) * March 2 ** Jean-Siméon Domon, French soldier (d. 1830) ** Armand Charles Guilleminot, French general during the Napoleonic wars (d. 1840) * March 4 – Joseph Hamilton Daveiss, American politician (d.

) * March 5 – Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse, Danish composer (d.

) * March 7 – Daniel Arnoldi, German Canadian physician (d.

) * March 9 ** Mayhew Folger, American whaler, captain of ''Topaz (ship), Topaz'' (d. 1828) ** Louis Auguste Say, French economist (d. 1840) *

– David Semyonovich Abamelik, Russian-Armenian general-major (d.

) * March 12 ** Johann Caspar Horner, Swiss mathematician (d. 1834) ** John Scott (engraver), John Scott, English engraver (d.

) ** Eva Unander, Swedish librarian (d. 1836) * March 13 ** Rose Fortune, Canadian businesswoman (d. 1864) ** Pierre-Narcisse Guérin, French painter (d.

) * March 14 ** Helena Margaretha Van Dielen, Dutch painter (d.

) ** Jedediah Morgan, American politician (d.

) * March 15 ** John Conrad Otto, American physician (d.

) ** Salomon Soldin, Jewish-Danish bookseller (d.

) ** Isaac Weld, Irish writer, explorer and artist (d.

) * March 16 ** Captain Matthew Flinders, English navigator and cartographer (d. 1814) ** Jethro Wood, inventor of a cast-iron moldboard plow with replaceable parts (d. 1834) * March 19 – Franz von Paula Gruithuisen, Bavarian physician and astronomer (d.

) * March 20 – Alexandra Petrovna Golitsyna, maid of honour and historian (d.

) * March 21 – George Scovell, British Army general (d.

) * March 24 – Jean-Louis-Auguste Loiseleur-Deslongchamps, French botanist (d.

) * March 25 ** Thomas Brand, 20th Baron Dacre, British politician (d. 1851) ** Thomas Spalding, American politician (d. 1851) * March 28 – William Williams (Weymouth MP), William Williams, British Member of Parliament (d.

) * March 30 ** Nathaniel Peabody (Boston), Nathaniel Peabody, American physician (d. 1855) ** Claudine Thévenet, French Catholic religious sister (d.

) *

** Enos Bronson, American writer (d.

) ** Karl Gottfried Erdmann, German author and botanist (d.

)

April

* April 1 ** Gottfried Daniel Krummacher, German clergyman (d.

) ** Gustav von Rauch, Prussian general (d.

) ** Therese Rosenbaum, Austrian opera singer (d.

) * April 5 ** David Gillespie (surveyor), David Gillespie, American surveyor and politician (d.

) ** Thomas Potter (mayor), Thomas Potter, British politician (d.

) * April 6 ** José de Córdoba y Rojas, Spanish admiral (d. 1810) ** Marmaduke Williams, American politician (d.

) * April 7 ** Joseph Bailly, fur trader and pioneer from Canada (d.

) ** Robert William Elliston, British actor (d. 1831) ** Abner Kneeland, United States theologian (d.

) * April 8 ** Kaspar Anton Karl van Beethoven, brother of Ludwig van Beethoven (d. 1815) ** Jean-Pierre Dellard, French general (d.

) ** James William Freshfield, English lawyer and founder of the law firm Freshfields (d. 1864) * April 9 – John Stanly (politician), John Stanly, American politician (d. 1834) * April 11 ** Michele Carrascosa, Italian politician (d. 1853) ** Conrad Hinrich Donner, German banker and art collector (d. 1854) ** Lawrence Augustine Washington, Nephew of George Washington (d. 1824) * April 12 ** Johann Baptist Krebs, German writer and director (d. 1851) ** Leffert Lefferts, the first President of the Long Island Bank, the first bank in Brooklyn, New York (d.

) * April 13 – John W. Mulligan, attorney, U.S. Consul in Athens, Greece (d. 1862) * April 15 – Sophie Thalbitzer, Danish writer (d. 1851) * April 16 ** George Bennet (missionary), George Bennet, English missionary (d.

) ** Franz Hegi, Swiss artist (d.

) *

** Friedrich Koenig, German printer (d.

) ** Robert Spankie, British politician, barrister (d.

) ** Václav Tomášek, Czech music educator and composer (d.

) * April 18 ** Antonio Basoli, Italian painter (d.

) ** Madhavrao II, 12th Peshwa of Maratha Empire (d. 1795) ** Georg von Langsdorff, Russian-German scientist (d.

) *

– Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer, German writer (d.

) * April 21 ** Jean-Louis Aumer, French ballet dancer and choreographer (d.

) ** Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist, astronomer and mathematician (d. 1862) ** Philibert Jean-Baptiste Curial, French general (d.

) * April 23 – Francis Austen, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1865) * April 24 – Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, French physician (d.

) * April 25 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Lepel, Prussian major general and adjutant (d. 1840) * April 26 ** Christian Leopold von Buch, German geologist (d. 1853) ** Anne Jean Marie René Savary, French general (d.

) * April 28 ** Francis Baily, British astronomer (d.

) ** Henrietta Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, British noble (d.

) ** James Deacon Hume, British economist (d.

) ** Owen Biddle Jr., American architect (d.

) ** Manuel Piar, Venezuelan general (d. 1817) * April 29 ** Louis Pierre Aimé Chastel, French officer (d.

) ** Anna Gottlieb, Austrian singer (d.

) ** David Hoadley (architect), David Hoadley, American architect (d.

) ** Richard Sass, British artist (d.

) * April 30 – John Yelloly, English doctor (d.

)

May

* May 1 ** John Reeves (naturalist), John Reeves, English naturalist (d.

) ** Robert Watt (bibliographer), Robert Watt, Scottish physician and bibliographer (d. 1819) * May 2 ** George Lewis (Royal Marines officer), George Lewis, Royal Marines officer (d. 1854) ** Ichijō Tadayoshi, Japanese kugyō (court noble) of the Edo period (d.

) * May 4 ** Samuel W. Bridgham, Rhode Island politician (d. 1840) ** Rufus Easton, American politician (d. 1834) * May 5 ** Robert Barrie, British naval officer (d.

) ** Nicolas Hyacinthe Gautier, French officer (d. 1809) * May 6 ** Pierce Butler (Kilkenny MP, born 1774), Pierce Butler, British politician (d.

) ** John Elias, Welsh writer and preacher (d.

) ** Christoph von Lieven, Russian general and prince (d.

) * May 7 ** William Bainbridge, United States Navy officer (d.

) ** Jonathan Makepeace, U.S. politician (d.

) * May 11 – James Townley (Methodist), James Townley, English Wesleyan minister and author (d.

) * May 12 ** Ellis Cunliffe Lister, British politician (d. 1853) ** Samuel Owen (engineer), Samuel Owen, British-Swedish engineer (d. 1854) ** Friederike von Reden, German noblewoman, philanthropist and salon-holder (d. 1854) * May 14 ** Joseph Bouchette, Canadian surveyor (d.

) ** Thomas Pakenham, 2nd Earl of Longford, Anglo-Irish peer (d.

) * May 15 – Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs, German chemist and mineralogist (d.

) * May 16 – Johann Baptist von Keller, Roman Catholic bishop (d.

) * May 18 – Gaetano Rossi, Italian librettist (d. 1855) * May 21 ** Claude Antoine Compère, French general (d. 1812) ** Jean-Henry-Louis Greffulhe, French private banker and politician (d. 1820) * May 22 ** James Bennett (minister), James Bennett, British minister (d. 1862) ** Levi Cutter, American businessman politician (d.

) * May 24 ** Sir Charles Burrell, 3rd Baronet, English Conservative politician (d. 1862) ** Stuart Corbett, Archdeacon of York (d.

) ** Francis Magan, United Irishman, barrister and informer (d. 1843) * May 25 ** Isaach Isaachsen, Norwegian politician (d. 1828) ** John Pye-Smith, English theologian (d. 1851) * May 26 – Jean-Nicolas Curély, French cavalry officer (d.

) * May 27 – Francis Beaufort, Irish hydrographer and naval officer (d.

) * May 28 – Edward Charles Howard, British chemist (d. 1816)

June

* June 1 ** Pryse Pryse, British Whig politician (d.

) ** Ferdinand Weerth, German theologian (d. 1836) *

– William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, English-born Australian explorer and politician (d.

) * June 3 ** John Roblin, Canadian politician (d. 1813) ** Robert Tannahill, Scottish poet (d. 1810) * June 5 ** Louis Victorin Cassagne, French officer (d.

) ** Charles Bulkeley Egerton, British Army general (d.

) * June 6 ** Sir John D'Oyly, 1st Baronet, of Kandy, British colonial administrator (d. 1824) ** János Nepomuk Farkas, Hungarian politician (d.

) ** Étienne Soulange-Bodin, French agronomist (d.

) * June 8 – Henry Philip Hope, Anglo-Dutch art and gem collector (d.

) * June 9 ** Pierre-Athanase Chauvin, French painter (d.

) ** Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Austrian orientalist (d.

) ** Edward King (Royal Navy officer), Edward King, Royal Navy officer (d. 1807) ** Nathaniel Upham, American politician (d.

) ** Christopher Wordsworth (divine), Christopher Wordsworth, English divine and scholar (d.

) * June 10 ** George Dollond, British astronomer (d.

) ** Carl Haller von Hallerstein, German architect (d. 1817) * June 11 ** Christian Conrad Danneskiold-Samsøe, Danish aristocrat, magistrate and businessman (d.

) ** George Suttor, farmer and pioneer settler in New South Wales, Australia (d. 1859) * June 13 – Jacob Lindley, Founder of Ohio University (d.

) * June 14 ** David Low Dodge, American theologian (d.

) ** Johann Karl Freiesleben, German miner and geologist (d.

) * June 17 – Asahel Stearns, American politician (d.

) * June 18 ** Charles Elphinstone Fleeming, British politician and Royal Navy admiral (d. 1840) ** Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov, Russian military commander and statesman (d. 1817) * June 19 ** Aloys von Kaunitz-Rietberg, German nobleman and a diplomat of the Austrian Empire (d.

) ** Egerton Smith, British magazine publisher, editor (d.

) ** Leonard Woods (theologian), Leonard Woods, American theologian (d. 1854) * June 21 ** James Patton Preston, American politician (d. 1843) ** Daniel D. Tompkins, American politician; sixth vice president of the United States (d. 1825) * June 23 ** François Antoine Lallemand, French general (d.

) ** Matthijs Siegenbeek, Dutch academic (d. 1854) * June 24 ** Antonio González de Balcarce, Argentine general (d. 1819) ** John Cole (music publisher), John Cole, American music publisher (d. 1855) ** Princess Caroline of Gloucester, British princess (d.

) ** François-Nicolas-Benoît Haxo, French general (d.

) ** Claude Charles Marie du Campe de Rosamel, French naval minister (d.

) ** Azariah Shadrach, Welsh minister (d.

) ** Edward Taylor (MP for Canterbury), Edward Taylor, British politician (d. 1843) * June 25 ** James Gage, Canadian businessman (d. 1854) ** Marcus Wallenberg (bishop), Marcus Wallenberg, Swedish bishop, 1774–1833 (d.

) * June 29 – Princess Amalie of Hesse-Homburg, Consort of Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (d.

)

July

* July 5 ** George Butler (headmaster), George Butler, English schoolmaster and divine (d. 1853) ** Charles Herbert (Royal Navy officer, born 1774), Charles Herbert, British politician (d. 1808) * July 7 – Louis Auguste Marchand Plauzonne, French general (d. 1812) * July 9 – Marcia Arbuthnot, lady-in-waiting (d.

) * July 10 – Isaac Bullard (Massachusetts politician), Isaac Bullard, American politician (d. 1808) * July 11 ** Robert Jameson, British scientist; (d. 1854) ** Somerset Lowry-Corry, 2nd Earl Belmore, Irish nobleman and politician (d.

) ** Axel Otto Mörner, Swedish count, general, politician and artist (d.

) * July 12 ** Jonathan Friedrich Bahnmaier, German theologian (d.

) ** Jean-Francois Coindet, Genevan physiologist (d. 1834) ** James Stuart (1774–1833), James Stuart, British politician (d.

) * July 14 ** Hans Graf von Bülow, German noble (d. 1825) ** Ferdinand Hartmann, German painter (d.

) ** Francis Lathom, British writer (d.

) * July 15 – David Jacob van Lennep, Dutch university professor, poet and writer (d. 1853) * July 17 – John Wilbur (Quaker minister), John Wilbur, American Quaker minister (d.

) * July 20 ** Edward Pelham Brenton, British Royal Navy officer & historian (d.

) ** Auguste de Marmont, French General, nobleman and Marshal of France (d.

) * July 24 – Franz von Klebelsberg zu Thumburg, Czech nobleman (d.

) * July 26 – Ernst Ludwig von Tippelskirch, Prussian army officer (d. 1840) * July 28 ** Elias Walker Durnford, British Army general (d.

) ** John West (Royal Navy officer), John West, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1862) * July 29 – Edward Wakefield (statistician), Edward Wakefield, English statistician (d. 1854) * July 30 – Charles de Graimberg, French art collector and painter (d. 1864) * July 31 ** Jonathan Richmond, American politician (d. 1853) ** Diodata Saluzzo Roero, Italian writer and poet (d. 1840)

August

** John Adam (silversmith), John Adam, silversmith (d.

) ** Jérôme Demers, Québécois priest and teacher of philosophy (d. 1853) ** Friedrich Guimpel, German illustrator, engraver and botanical artist (d.

) * August 2 – Ole Clausen Mørch, Norwegian politician (d.

) * August 5 ** Karl Wilhelm Bardou, German portraitist (d.

) ** John C. Devereux, American politician (d.

) *

– Asa Wells, pioneer farmer and surveyor from Pompey (d. 1859) * August 7 ** François Benjamin Levrault, French politician (d. 1855) ** William Morgan (anti-Mason), William Morgan, resident of Batavia, New York (d.

) * August 9 ** George Frederick Beltz, British genealogist (d.

) ** Solomon Van Rensselaer, American politician and soldier (d.

) * August 11 ** Eugène François d'Arnauld, French public official (d. 1854) ** Joseph Franque, French painter (d.

) ** Manuel de Sarratea, Argentine politician (d.

) ** François Tassé, Canadian politician (d.

) * August 12 ** Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie, historian from France (d.

) ** Hannah Kilham, Methodist missionary (d.

) ** Stephen Peter Rigaud, English mathematical historian and astronomer (d.

) ** Robert Southey, English romantic poet (d. 1843) * August 13 ** Hipólito da Costa, Brazilian journalist and diplomat (d.

) ** John Wilson (painter, born 1774), John Wilson, Scottish landscape and marine painter (d. 1855) * August 15 – François-Joseph-Marie Fayolle, French musicologist, man of letters and mathematician (d.

) * August 17 ** George E. Blake, American music publisher (d. 1871) ** Stephan von Breuning (librettist), Stephan von Breuning, German librettist and author (d.

) * August 18 ** Gaspard Laurent Bayle, French physician (d. 1816) ** Meriwether Lewis, American explorer, soldier and public administrator (d. 1809) * August 19 – Denis-Benjamin Viger, Lower Canadian politician (d.

) * August 20 ** Ludvig Frederik Brock, Norwegian military officer (d. 1853) ** Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara, Governor of Tamaulipas (d.

) * August 22 ** François Aregnaudeau, French privateer captain (d. 1812) ** Bartholomäus Herder, German publisher (d.

) * August 23 ** Pierre David de Colbert-Chabanais, French general (d. 1853) ** Jacob Crocheron, American politician (d.

) ** Mary Moody Emerson, American writer (d.

) ** William Plunkett Maclay, American politician (d.

) * August 24 – Anton Ludwig Ernst Horn, German physician (d.

) * August 25 – Samuel William Manthey, Norwegian politician (d. 1815) * August 26 – Sir John Lubbock, 2nd Baronet, English banker, politician (d. 1840) * August 28 – Elizabeth Ann Seton, co-founder of Mount St. Mary's University in the United States, founder of the Sisters of Charity (d. 1821) * August 30 – Henri Van Assche, painter (d.

) * August 31 – Charles Turner (engraver), Charles Turner, English engraver (d.

)

September

** George Platt (politician), George Platt, Canadian politician (d. 1816) ** Jane Stewart, Countess of Galloway, British noble (d.

) *

** Enos Collins, Canadian businessman (d. 1871) ** Caspar David Friedrich, German painter (d. 1840) * September 7 ** Johann Jakob Bernhardi, German physician and botanist (d.

) ** Colin Halkett, British Army general (d.

) ** Vedanayagam Sastriar Tamil Lutheran hymnwriter and court poet (d. 1864) * September 8 ** Richard Ashley (musician), Richard Ashley, English viola player (d. 1836) ** Anne Catherine Emmerich, German Augustinian Canoness, mystic, Marian visionary, ecstatic and stigmatist (d. 1824) * September 9 – Salomon Mayer von Rothschild, Austrian banker and businessman (d. 1855) * September 14 ** Lord William Bentinck, First Governor General of India, British soldier and statesman (d.

) ** Georges Boisot, Minister of Interior of the Helvetic Republic (d. 1853) ** Henry Ridgely Warfield, American politician (d.

) *

** Robert Hastings Hunkins, American politician (d. 1853) ** María Nicolasa de Iturbide, princess of Iturbide (d. 1840) * September 17 ** William Fitzwilliam Owen, British Royal Navy admiral (d.

) ** Patrick Syme, Scottish painter (d.

) * September 19 ** Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, Italian cardinal and hyperpolyglot (d.

) ** Coulson Wallop, English politician (d. 1807) *

– John Peter Grant (MP), John Peter Grant, Scottish politician (d.

) * September 24 ** Robert Gilmor Jr., shipowner and art collector (d.

) ** Michael Linning, Scottish solicitor (d.

) ** Mariano Sánchez de Loria, Argentine politician (d.

) * September 25 ** Judith Lomax, American poet and religious writer (d. 1828) ** Nikolaus von Maillot de la Treille, German general (d. 1834) * September 26 – Johnny Appleseed, (John Chapman), American nurseryman and Swedenborgian missionary (d.

) * September 27 ** John Griscom, American chemist (d.

) ** Bredo Henrik von Munthe af Morgenstierne Sr., Norwegian jurist (d.

) * September 28 ** Sir James Colquhoun, 3rd Baronet, of Luss, politician (d. 1836) ** Sebastian von Schrenck, German politician (d.

) * September 30 ** Charles-Étienne Chaussegros de Léry, Canadian politician (d.

) ** George Mathews (judge), George Mathews, American judge (d. 1836)

October

* October 2 – Johannes Spitler, American painter of furniture (d.

) * October 4 ** Francis Ommanney, British MP (d. 1840) ** Henry Siddons, British actor (d. 1815) * October 7 ** Ferdinando Orlandi, Italian composer (d.

) ** Jean Thienpont, Belgian politician and lawyer (d.

) * October 8 ** Henry Duncan (minister), Henry Duncan, British geologist, priest and social reformer (d.

) ** John Ely (representative), John Ely, American politician (d.

) ** Teis Lundegaard, Norwegian politician (d.

) *

– Peter Nourse, American clergyman (d. 1840) * October 12 ** George J. F. Clarke, prominent citizen of East Florida (d. 1836) ** Karoline von Feuchtersleben, German noblewoman (d.

) ** Luis Eduardo Pérez, President of Uruguay (d.

) * October 13 ** William Astell, English banker and politician (d.

) ** Samuel McKee (politician, born 1774), Samuel McKee, American politician and lawyer (d.

) * October 15 – John Boit, one of the first Americans involved in the maritime fur trade (d.

) * October 18 ** Adolf Müllner, German writer (d.

) ** Sarah Thompson, Countess Rumford, philanthropist (d.

) * October 19 – Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Marquess Cornwallis, British noble (d.

) *

– Archibald Campbell (British Army officer, born 1774), Archibald Campbell, British Army officer (d.

) * October 23 ** Adam Otto von Bistram, Baltic German military personnel in Imperial Russian service (d. 1828) ** René de Chazet, French writer (d.

) *

– Albert Gregorius, Belgian painter (d. 1853) * October 27 – Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton, British politician (d.

) * October 28 ** John Boyle (congressman), John Boyle, United States federal judge and member of the U.S. House of Representatives (d.

) ** Konstanty Adam Czartoryski, Polish noble and art collector (d.

) * October 29 – Augustin Joseph Caron, French military officer (d. 1822) * October 30 ** Pierre Barrois, French soldier and officer (d.

) ** Clarkson Crolius, American politician (d. 1843)

November

* November 1 ** Alexander Caldwell (Virginia judge), Alexander Caldwell, American judge (d.

) ** René Perin, French playwright (d.

) * November 2 – Georges-Simon Serullas, French pharmacist (d.

) * November 3 – Jakov Jakšić, Serbian postmaster (d.

) *

** Robert Allan (poet), Robert Allan, poet (d.

) ** Johannes P. Bøe, Norwegian politician (d. 1859) ** Carlos María de Bustamante, Mexican politician (d.

) ** John Warrock, American publisher (d.

) ** Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg, German historian (d.

) * November 5 ** William Berry (genealogist), William Berry, English genealogist (d. 1851) ** Johann Christian August Clarus, German surgeon (d. 1854) * November 6 ** David Bevan (banker), David Bevan, banker (d.

) ** Joseph Récamier, French gynaecologist (d.

) * November 7 ** Richard Noel-Hill, 4th Baron Berwick, British peer (d.

) ** Ebenezer F. Norton, American politician (d. 1851) * November 8 ** Lord Frederick Montagu, British politician (d.

) ** Robert Reid (architect), Robert Reid, British architect (d.

) * November 9 ** Thomas Fortescue Kennedy, Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars (d.

) ** Louis Hayes Petit, English barrister and politician (d.

) *

– John Miller (New York politician), John Miller, New York politician (d. 1862) * November 11 – Marcin Dunin, Roman Catholic archbishop of Gnesen and Posen (d.

) * November 12 ** Charles Bell, British surgeon and artist (d.

) ** Joachim Zachris Duncker, Swedish soldier (d. 1809) * November 14 – Gaspare Spontini, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1851) * November 17 – Pierre-Alexandre Le Camus, French politician (d. 1824) * November 18 ** William Horsley, English musician (d.

) ** Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands, Dutch queen consort (from 1815 to 1837); second daughter and fourth child of Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt (d.

) * November 19 – Vasile Moga, Romanian orthodox bishop of Sibiu (d.

) *

** Archibald Cregeen, Manx lexicographer (d.

) ** Henrik Steenbuch, Norwegian lawyer (d.

) * November 21 ** Domingo French, Argentine revolutionary (d. 1825) ** Elisabeth Canori Mora, Italian Roman Catholic mystic (d. 1825) * November 24 – Thomas Dick (scientist), Thomas Dick, British astronomer (d.

) *

– Francisco de Paula Marín, A Spaniard influential in the early Kingdom of Hawaii; confidant of Hawaiian King Kamehameha I (d.

) *

** Georg Ludwig Cancrin, Russian German economist and politician (d.

) ** William Hunter (senator), William Hunter, American politician and diplomat (d.

) ** Peter Frederik Wulff, Danish naval officer (d.

) *

– John Howard Kyan, British inventor (d.

) * November 28 ** Frederick IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (d. 1825) ** Sir Richard King, 2nd Baronet, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1834) ** Princess Maria Antonia of Parma, Italian princess (d.

) * November 29 ** Carl Johan Fahlcrantz, painter (d.

) ** Johann Gottfried Gruber, German literary critic (d. 1851)

December

– Alexander Leith (British Army officer), Alexander Leith, British Army officer (d. 1859) * December 2 ** François-André Baudin, French naval officer (d.

) ** François-René Boussen, Belgian priest (d.

) * December 3 – Giuseppe Federico Palombini, military general (d.

) * December 4 – John Weyland, British writer and politician; (d. 1854) * December 5 – Johann Wilhelm Andreas Pfaff, German mathematician (d.

) * December 10 – Nicolas Morice, French navy officer (d.

) * December 11 – David Bowen, Felinfoel, Welsh Baptist minister from Felinfoel (d. 1853) * December 12 – William Henry (chemist), William Henry, English chemist (d. 1836) * December 13 ** Eline Heger, Danish actress (d.

) ** Nathan F. Dixon I, American politician (d.

) * December 15 – Michel Ange Lancret, Engineer with the French Corps of Bridges and Roads (d. 1807) * December 16 – Caroline Campbell, Duchess of Argyll, British noble (d.

) * December 17 ** Andrew Jukes (surgeon), Andrew Jukes, British surgeon (d. 1821) ** Littleton Waller Tazewell, American politician (d.

) * December 20 ** John Pasco, English admiral (d. 1853) ** Charles Richard Vaughan, British diplomat (d.

) * December 21 ** John Thomas Barber Beaumont, British artist (d.

) ** James Ingram (academic), James Ingram, English academic (d.

) *

– Ludwig von Vincke, politician, writer and jurist (d.

) * December 26 – Ferdinand Oechsle, German inventor (d.

) * December 27 ** Brenton Halliburton, Canadian judge (d.

) ** Ephraim Hart (New York politician), Ephraim Hart, American politician (d.

) ** Johann Philipp Neumann, Austrian physicist, librarian and poet (d.

) * December 28 ** Mary Birkett Card, poet, abolitionist and feminist (d. 1817) ** Thomas Moore Musgrave, English postmaster and translator (d. 1854) * December 29 – Maurice FitzGerald, 18th Knight of Kerry, British politician (d.

) * December 31 – James Bunbury White, American politician (d. 1819) * Unknown date – Sergey Glinka, Russian author, brother of Fyodor Glinka (d.

)

Deaths

John_Joshua_Kirby_by_Thomas_Gainsborough_c

Johann_Jacob_Reiske_-_Imagines_philologorum

January

** Thomas Hollis (1720–1774), Thomas Hollis, English political philosopher and author (b. 1720) ** Jan Jerzy Plersch, Polish sculptor (b. 1704) *

** Antoine Clériadus de Choiseul-Beaupré, French archbishop (b. 1707) ** Józef Andrzej Załuski, Polish bishop (b. 1702) * January 9 – Jacques-François Blondel, French architect (b. 1705) * January 13 ** Shem Drowne, American coppersmith (b. 1683) ** John Pugh Pryse, British Member of Parliament (b. 1739) *

– Louis de Brienne de Conflans d'Armentières, French general (b. 1711) *

– Thomas Gillespie (minister), Thomas Gillespie, Scottish church leader (b. 1708) *

** Florian Leopold Gassmann, Austrian composer (b. 1729) **

, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1757 to 1774 (b. 1717) ** James Lacy (actor), James Lacy, actor and theatre manager (b. 1696) ** Hans Jacob Scheel, Norwegian general (b. 1714) *

– Dudley Cosby, 1st Baron Sydney, Irish politician (b. 1730) *

– Franciszek Ferdynant Lubomirski, Franciszek Ferdynand Lubomirski was a Polish nobleman (b. 1710) *

** Jean-Pierre Guignon, French composer (b. 1702) ** František Tůma, Czech composer (b. 1704) *

– Consort Yu (Borjigin), Consort Yu, Concubine of Chinese Emperor Qianlong (b. 1730)

February

* February 1 – Johann Heinrich Zopf, German historian (b. 1691) * February 4 – Charles Marie de La Condamine, French explorer, geographer, and mathematician (b. 1701) * February 8 – Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg (second creation), Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg, British peer (b. 1699) * February 17 – Robert Jones (died 1774), Robert Jones, English politician (b. 1704) * February 18 – Karl Michael von Attems, Austrian Catholic archbishop and prince of the Holy Roman Empire (b. 1711) * February 25 – Johann Georg, Chevalier de Saxe, German general (b. 1704) * February 27 – Knud Leem, Norwegian priest and linguist (b. 1697) * February 28 – Anthony Askew, English physician and book collector (b. 1722)

March

* March 1 – Pierre-Antoine Gourgaud, French actor (b. 1706) * March 2 – William Talbot (1717–1774), William Talbot, English evangelical clergyman (b. 1717) * March 3 – Andrew Oliver, American merchant and public official (b. 1706) * March 4 – William Boys (Royal Navy officer), William Boys, Royal Navy officer (b. 1700) * March 5 – Georg Joachim Mark, German theologian (b. 1726) * March 7 – Carlo Alberto Guidoboni Cavalchini, Catholic cardinal (b. 1683) *

– William Browne (physician), William Browne, English physician (b. 1692) * March 18 – Matthew Fetherstonhaugh, British politician (b. 1714) * March 19 – Lucas Ramírez Galán, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1715) * March 21 – Diego Bernardo de Peredo y Navarrete, Mexican Roman Catholic clergyman, bishop of Yucatán (b. 1696) * March 25 ** Spencer Cowper (priest), Spencer Cowper, Dean of Durham Cathedral (b. 1713) ** Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken, German noble (b. 1704) ** Zeynep Sultan, Ottoman princess, Daughter of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III (b. 1720) * March 30 – Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken, German noble (b. 1721)

April

* April 1 – Claudius Amyand (MP), Claudius Amyand, English politician (b. 1718) * April 4 – Oliver Goldsmith, Anglo-Irish writer, poet, and physician (b. 1728) * April 5 – Situ Panchen, Tibetan lama and painter (b. 1700) * April 11 – Elias Gottlob Haussmann, German artist (b. 1695) * April 15 ** Somerset Butler, 1st Earl of Carrick, Irish peer (b. 1718) ** Jean Ignace de La Ville, French diplomat (b. 1690) *

– John Winslow (British Army officer), John Winslow, British Army general (b. 1703) * April 18 ** Michael Ranft, German historian, writer and hofmeister (b. 1700) ** Rodolfo Emilio Brignole Sale, politician (b. 1708) * April 20 ** Aleksandr Bibikov, Russian statesman and military officer (b. 1729) ** Jean Saas, French lexicographer (b. 1703) * April 23 ** Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech, Afghan highlander (b. 1723) ** Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich, German artist (b. 1712) * April 24 – Sara Banzet, French educator, diarist (b. 1745) * April 25 – John Fane, 9th Earl of Westmorland, English Earl (b. 1728) * April 26 – Maria Machteld van Sypesteyn, Dutch painter (b. 1724) * April 28 – Gottfried Lengnich, historian and politician (b. 1689) * April 29 – Eland Mossom, lawyer, recorder of the City of Kilkenny and representative in the Parliament of Ireland (b. 1709)

May

* May 1 – William Hewson (surgeon), William Hewson, British physiologist (b. 1739) * May 3 – Heinrich August de la Motte Fouqué, German general (b. 1698) * May 4 ** Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick, Russian general (b. 1714) ** Adam Sherrill, First European to cross the Catawba River (b. 1697) ** Richard Alchorne Worge, British Member of Parliament (b. 1707) * May 6 – John Ward, 1st Viscount Dudley and Ward, British politician (b. 1704) * May 8 – Réginald Outhier, French astronomer and priest (b. 1694) *

** King Louis XV of France (b. 1710) ** Timothy Woodbridge, Superintendent of Indian Affairs (b. 1709) * May 12 – Giuseppe Antonio Luchi, Italian painter (b. 1709) *

– Jeremiah Theus, American artist (b. 1716) * May 18 – William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland, English noble (b. 1698) * May 23 – Tatiana Mikhailovna Troepolskaya, actor (b. 1744) * May 26 – Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg, Austrian field marshal (b. 1684)

June

* June 3 – Joseph Gerrish, Canadian politician (b. 1709) * June 7 ** Ignatius van der Beken, Flemish painter (b. 1689) ** Charles Townley (officer of arms), Charles Townley, Officer of Arms (b. 1713) * June 11 – Emmerich Joseph von Breidbach zu Bürresheim, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1707) * June 15 – Karl Heinrich von Bogatzky, German hymnwriter (b. 1690) * June 18 – Francis Andrews, Irish politician (b. 1718) *

– Joshua Kirby, British artist (b. 1716) * June 24 – Thomas Amory (tutor), Thomas Amory, English tutor/minister/poet (b. 1701) * June 27 – Nicolas Tindal, British historian (b. 1688) * June 29 – Zachary Pearce, English bishop (b. 1690)

July

* July 1 – Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, British politician (b. 1705) * July 4 – William Price (High Sheriff), William Price, Welsh High Sheriff and antiquarian (b. 1690) * July 8 – Brooke Forester, British politician (b. 1717) * July 9 – Anna Morandi Manzolini, internationally known Italian anatomist and anatomical wax modeller (b. 1714) * July 11 – Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Anglo-Irish official of the British Empire (b. 1715) * July 13 – Otto von Münchhausen, German botanist (b. 1716) * July 14 ** Matthew Blakiston, British politician (b. 1702) ** James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley, Irish officer in the British Army (b. 1682) * July 17 – Miguel Anselmo Álvarez de Abreu y Valdéz, Bishop of Antequera, Oaxaca, México ; Bishop (b. 1711) * July 18 ** Sir Thomas Alston, 5th Baronet, English Baronet and MP (b. 1724) ** Thomas Fitch (governor), Thomas Fitch, Governor of the Connecticut Colony (b. 1700) *

– Percy Wyndham-O'Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond, Irish earl (b. 1723) * July 24 ** Caroline Fox, 1st Baroness Holland, British baroness; eldest of the Lennox sisters (b. 1723) ** Johann George Schmidt, architect from Germany (b. 1707) * July 25 – John Drummond (1723–1774), John Drummond, British private banker and politician (b. 1723) * July 27 – Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin, German physician, botanist, and explorer (b. 1744)

August

* August 10 ** William Rawlinson Earle, British Member of Parliament (b. 1702) ** Jean Charles Joseph, Count of Merode, Marquis of Deynze, noble of the Austrian Netherlands (b. 1719) * August 11 ** Frederik Nannestad, Norwegian bishop (b. 1693) ** Charles-François Tiphaigne de la Roche, French writer (b. 1722) * August 13 – Peter Applebye, British-Danish industrialist (b. 1709) * August 14 – Johann Jakob Reiske, German scholar, physician (b. 1716) * August 20 – Ann Wager, American educator (b. 1716) * August 21 – Imperial Noble Consort Qinggong, Qing Dynasty imperial noble consort (b. 1724) * August 25 – Niccolò Jommelli, Italian composer (b. 1714) * August 26 – Philipp Jakob Straub, Austrian sculptor (b. 1706)

September

– Sir Charles Herbert Sheffield, 1st Baronet, British estate owner and baronet (b. 1706) * September 10 – Pierre-Jean Mariette, French art historian (b. 1694) * September 16 – Christophe Le Menu de Saint-Philbert, composer (b. 1720) * September 18 – Johann Friedrich Meckel, the Elder, German anatomist (b. 1724) * September 22 ** Filippo Farsetti, Italian patron (b. 1703) ** Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1690) ** Pope Clement XIV, pope and bishop of Rome from 1769 to 1774 (b. 1705) * September 24 – Greta Donner, Swedish businesswoman (b. 1726) * September 25 ** John Bradstreet, Canadian-born soldier (b. 1714) ** Sir Richard Corbet, 4th Baronet, British Member of Parliament (b. 1696) ** Sholto Douglas, 15th Earl of Morton, British earl (b. 1732)

October

* October 2 – Alfonso Clemente de Aróstegui, Scholar and Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1698) * October 8 – Philippe Caffieri (1714–1774), Philippe Caffieri, French sculptor (b. 1714) * October 11 – Jean-Claude Chambellan Duplessis, French designer (b. 1699) * October 12 – Tokugawa Haruaki, Japanese samurai (b. 1753) * October 13 – Willem Bentinck van Rhoon, Dutch politician (b. 1704) * October 15 – Dmitry Ukhtomsky, Russian architect (b. 1719) * October 16 – Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet and writer (b. 1750) * October 22 – William Molineux, Colonial American merchant (b. 1718) * October 23 – Michel Benoist, French Jesuit missionary, scientist (b. 1715) * October 27 – Gerolamo Mengozzi Colonna, Italian painter (b. 1686) * October 28 – Jean Löfblad, Swedish actor (b. 1728) * October 29 – Ferdinand Augustin Hallerstein, Jesuit missionary (b. 1703) * October 31 ** Thomas Hunt (Arabic scholar), Thomas Hunt, English academic, Oxford Laudian Professor of Arabic (b. 1696) ** Edward Noel, 1st Viscount Wentworth, British peer (b. 1715)

November

* November 1 – Johan Peter Falk, Swedish botanist (b. 1732) * November 3 – Glocester Ridley, English writer (b. 1702) * November 5 ** Urbain Boiret, Canadian priest (b. 1731) ** Peter Spendelowe Lamborn, English engraver and miniature painter (b. 1722) ** John Murray, 3rd Duke of Atholl, British peer (b. 1729) * November 6 – Thomas Bradshaw (MP), Thomas Bradshaw, British Member of Parliament (b. 1733) * November 13 – Robert Rochfort, 1st Earl of Belvedere, Anglo-Irish politician and peer (b. 1708) *

– Anne Howard, Countess of Effingham, British countess (b. 1695) * November 16 – Francis Owen (politician), Francis Owen, British Member of Parliament (b. 1745) * November 17 – Jean Althen, Armenian agronomist (b. 1709) *

– Abraham Tucker, English philosopher (b. 1705) * November 21 – Johann Siegmund Popowitsch, Austrian botanist (b. 1705) * November 22 ** Robert Clive, British military officer and East India Company official (b. 1725) ** Edward Rooker, English engraver, draughtsman and actor (b. 1712) * November 23 – Gottfried Bernhard Göz, German artist (b. 1708) *

– Henry Baker (naturalist), Henry Baker, English naturalist (b. 1698) * November 28 – Pierre de l'Estache, French sculptor (b. 1688) * November 29 – Gabriel de Clieu, Guadeloupean politician (b. 1687) *

** John Rann, English criminal and highwayman (b. 1750) ** Nicolas-François Dupré de Saint-Maur, French academic (b. 1695)

December

* December 2 – Johann Friedrich Agricola, German composer (b. 1720) * December 5 – Karunai Prakasar, Spiritual writer and philosopher (b. 1756) * December 13 – Guillaume du Tillot, French politician (b. 1711) * December 16 ** Susanne von Klettenberg, German abbess and writer (b. 1723) ** François Quesnay, French economist (b. 1694) ** Francis Willoughby, 3rd Baron Middleton, British baron (b. 1726) * December 17 – Friedrich Wilhelm, Graf von Wylich und Lottum, Prussian army officer (b. 1716) * December 19 – Deborah Read, spouse of Benjamin Franklin (b. 1708) * December 20 – Paul Whitehead (satirist), Paul Whitehead, British satirist (b. 1710) * December 21 – Thomas Broughton (writer), Thomas Broughton, English clergyman, biographer and miscellaneous writer (b. 1704) *

– Francesco Maria Preti, architect (b. 1701) * December 24 – Peter Fenger (1719–1774), Peter Fenger, Danish merchant (b. 1719) * December 26 ** Godfrey Bagnall Clarke, British politician (b. 1742) ** Stephen Fox, 2nd Baron Holland, British politician and peer (b. 1745) * December 27 ** Louis Groston de Saint-Ange de Bellerive, Canadian explorer (b. 1700) ** Francis Wollaston (scientist), Francis Wollaston, English scientist (b. 1694) * December 29 ** Toussaint-Gaspard Taconet, French actor (b. 1730) ** Maria Weenix, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1697) * December 30 – Antoniotto Botta Adorno, high officer (b. 1688) * December 31 – Johann Christoph Handke, Czech painter (b. 1694) * ''date unknown'' ** Martinez de Pasqually, French freemason ** Margaret Calderwood, British people, British diarist (b. 1715) ** Catherine Michelle de Maisonneuve, French writer and publisher

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Deaths

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

References

Further reading