In the

Swedish calendar The Swedish calendar () or Swedish style () was a calendar in use in Sweden and its possessions from 1 March 1700 until 30 February 1712. It was one day ahead of the Julian calendar and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Easter was calculat ...

it was a common year starting on Thursday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

Events

Great Storm 1703 Goodwin Sands engraving

January–March

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. * 1038 – An earthquake in Dingxiang, China kills an estimate ...

– The

Jamaica Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. At , it is the third-largest island—after Cuba and Hispaniola—of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, west of Hispaniola (the is ...

n town of Port Royal, a center of trade in the

Western Hemisphere The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and east of the 180th meridian.- The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. Geopolitically, ...

and at this time the largest city in the

Caribbean The Caribbean ( , ; ; ; ) is a region in the middle of the Americas centered around the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, mostly overlapping with the West Indies. Bordered by North America to the north, Central America ...

, is destroyed by a fire. British ships in the harbor are able to rescue much of the merchandise that has been unloaded on the docks, but the inventory in market-places in town is destroyed."Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p47 *

January 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. * 1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 * 1761 – The Third Battle of Panipat is fought in I ...

– 1703 Apennine earthquakes: The magnitude 6.7 Norcia earthquake affects Central Italy with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (''Extreme''). With a death toll of 6,240–9,761, it is the first in a sequence of three destructive events. *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1458 BC – Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings. * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the R ...

– 1703 Apennine earthquakes: The magnitude 6.2 Montereale earthquake causes damage at Accumoli, Armatrice, Cittareale and Montereale, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (''Severe''). *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 * 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. * 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 * 1607 – An es ...

( December 14 of previous year in the

Chinese calendar The traditional Chinese calendar, dating back to the Han dynasty, is a lunisolar calendar that blends solar, lunar, and other cycles for social and agricultural purposes. While modern China primarily uses the Gregorian calendar for officia ...

) – Akō incident: In Japan, forty-seven ''rōnin'' (independent

samurai The samurai () were members of the warrior class in Japan. They were originally provincial warriors who came from wealthy landowning families who could afford to train their men to be mounted archers. In the 8th century AD, the imperial court d ...

) assassinate ''

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and no ...

Kira Yoshinaka (October 5, 1641 – January 30, 1703) was a Japanese ''kōke'' (master of ceremonies). His court title was ''Kokushi (officials), Kōzuke no suke (上野介)''. He is famous as the adversary of Asano Naganori in the events of the forty-seven ...

, the enemy of their former lord Asano Naganori, at his own mansion as a vengeance; for which they are compelled to commit suicide on March 20. *

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of " Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: ...

– 1703 Apennine earthquakes: The magnitude 6.7 L'Aquila earthquake affects Central Italy, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (''Extreme''). In the final large event (an example of Coulomb stress transfer), damage occurs as far distant as Rome, with landslides, liquefaction, slope failures and at least 2,500 deaths. *

February 20 Events Pre-1600 *1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated. *1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawn (law), pawned by Norway to S ...

– March 10 –

War of the Spanish Succession The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict fought between 1701 and 1714. The immediate cause was the death of the childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700, which led to a struggle for control of the Spanish E ...

: Siege of Kehl – French forces under the command of the Duc de Villars capture the fortress of the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium ...

at Kehl, opposite

Strasbourg Strasbourg ( , ; ; ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est Regions of France, region of Geography of France, eastern France, in the historic region of Alsace. It is the prefecture of the Bas-Rhin Departmen ...

on the

Rhine The Rhine ( ) is one of the List of rivers of Europe, major rivers in Europe. The river begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps. It forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein border, then part of the Austria–Swit ...

. *

February February is the second month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in common years and 29 in leap years, with the February 29, 29th day being called the ''leap day''. February is the third a ...

– Soldiers at Fort Louis de la Mobile celebrate Mardi Gras in Mobile, starting the tradition for

Mobile, Alabama Mobile ( , ) is a city and the county seat of Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The population was 187,041 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. After a successful vote to annex areas west of the city limits in July 2023, Mobil ...

. *

March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...

– The Recruiting Act 1703 goes into effect in England, providing for the forcible enlistment of able-bodied but unemployed men into the English Army and Royal Navy in order to fight in Queen Anne's War in

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

. The Act expires at the end of February 1704. * March 15 – The landmark English court case of '' Rose v Royal College of Physicians'' is decided by the Court of Queen's Bench, beginning the end of the monopoly that the Royal College of Physicians has over the practice of medicine. *

March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. * 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...

– The Siege of Guadeloupe begins as an English expeditionary force, led by Christopher Codrington and Hovenden Walker, lands at

Basse-Terre Basse-Terre (, ; ; ) is a communes of the Guadeloupe department, commune in the France, French overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department of Guadeloupe, in the Lesser Antilles. It is also the ''prefectures in France, pref ...

and attempts to take over the French-held island. The English fleet departs on May 15 after being unable to capture Guadeloupe. * March 20 (

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

in the Chinese calendar) – 46 of the forty-seven ''rōnin'' of Japan carry out an order of '' seppuku'' (ritual suicide) for the killing they committed on January 30. The punishment is given by the shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi. The story continues to be dramatized more than 300 years later in '' Chūshingura'' theater, novels and film. * March 21 – Jeanne Guyon is freed from the Bastille in

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

after more than seven years imprisonment for heresy.

April–June

April 21 Events Pre-1600 * 753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is mur ...

– The ''Company of Quenching of Fire'' (i.e., a fire brigade) is founded in

Edinburgh Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. The city is located in southeast Scotland and is bounded to the north by the Firth of Forth and to the south by the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh ...

, Scotland. * May 26 – Portugal joins the Grand Alliance. * May 27 (May 16 OS) – The city of

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

, Russia is founded, following

Peter the Great Peter I (, ; – ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of Russia, Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned j ...

's reconquest of Ingria from

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...

during the

Great Northern War In the Great Northern War (1700–1721) a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern Europe, Northern, Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the ant ...

. * June 15 – Rákóczi's War of Independence: Hungarians rebel under Prince Francis II Rákóczi. * June 19 – Bavarian troops, who during the so-called Bavarian Rummel have invaded Tyrol, besiege Kufstein. Fires break out on the outskirts that engulf the town, destroy it and reach the powder store of the supposedly impregnable

fortress A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from L ...

. The enormous gunpowder supplies explode and Kufstein has to surrender on

June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. * 1180 – First Battle of Uji, startin ...

. This same day the Tyrolese surrender in Wörgl; two days later Rattenberg is captured and

Innsbruck Innsbruck (; ) is the capital of Tyrol (federal state), Tyrol and the List of cities and towns in Austria, fifth-largest city in Austria. On the Inn (river), River Inn, at its junction with the Wipptal, Wipp Valley, which provides access to the ...

is cleared without a fight on June 25. * June 30 – Battle of Ekeren (War of the Spanish Succession): The French surround a smaller Dutch force, which however breaks out and retires to safety. *

June June is the sixth and current month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars—the latter the most widely used calendar in the world. Its length is 30 days. June succeeds May and precedes July. This month marks the start of su ...

– The completed 1703 Icelandic census is presented in the

Althing The (; ), anglicised as Althingi or Althing, is the Parliamentary sovereignty, supreme Parliament, national parliament of Iceland. It is the oldest surviving parliament in the world. The Althing was founded in 930 at ('Thing (assembly), thing ...

, the first complete

census A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given Statistical population, population, usually displayed in the form of stati ...

of any country.

July–September

* July 26 – After their victories at the Pontlatzer Bridge and the Brenner Pass, Tyrolese farmers drive out the Bavarian Elector, Maximilian II Emanuel, from North Tyrol and thus prevent the Bavarian Army, which is allied with France, from marching on Vienna during the War of the Spanish Succession. This success, at low cost, is the signal for the rebellion of the Tyrolese against Bavaria, and Elector Maximilian II Emanuel has to flee from Innsbruck. The Bavarian Army withdraws through Seefeld in Tirol back to Bavaria. * July 29– 31 – Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory in London, then imprisoned until mid-November for the crime of seditious libel after publishing his

satirical Satire is a genre of the visual arts, visual, literature, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently Nonfiction, non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ...

political pamphlet '' The Shortest Way with the Dissenters'' (1702). *

August 23 Events Pre-1600 * 30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Ca ...

– Edirne event: Sultan Mustafa II of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

is dethroned. * September 7 –

: The town of Breisach is retaken for France by Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard. * September 12 –

: Habsburg Archduke

Charles Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English language, English and French language, French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic, Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''* ...

is proclaimed King of Spain, but never exercises full rule.

October–December

* October 11 – Nine Roman Catholic residents of the French village of Sainte-Cécile-d'Andorge are massacred by a mob of more than 800 French Huguenot Protestants, the Camisards. A reprisal against Protestants in the nearby village of Branoux is made less than three weeks later. * October 23 – Hannah Twynnoy, a 24-year-old barmaid in Malmesbury, Wiltshire, becomes the first person to be killed in

Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland, and Wales. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the List of European ...

by a

tiger The tiger (''Panthera tigris'') is a large Felidae, cat and a member of the genus ''Panthera'' native to Asia. It has a powerful, muscular body with a large head and paws, a long tail and orange fur with black, mostly vertical stripes. It is ...

. While working at the White Lion Inn, where a group of wild animals is on exhibit, she is mauled after bothering the tiger. * October 30 – More than 47

Huguenots The Huguenots ( , ; ) are a Religious denomination, religious group of French people, French Protestants who held to the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, ...

in the village of

Branoux-les-Taillades Branoux-les-Taillades (; ) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France, and in the region Occitanie. Geography Localization Branoux is located near the mountain la Baraque, and close to the D32 road, on a relatively flat place ...

are massacred by Roman Catholic vigilantes in reprisal for the October 11 attack on nearby Sainte-Cécile, slightly more than two miles away. * November 15 **

: Battle of Speyerbach (in modern-day Germany) – The French defeat a German relief army, allowing the French to take the besieged town of Landau two days later, for which Tallard is made a Marshal of France. ** Rákóczi's War of Independence: Battle of Zvolen (in modern-day

Slovakia Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's m ...

) – The Kurucs defeat the Austrians and their allies (

Denmark Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

and the

Serbs The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to Southeastern Europe who share a common Serbian Cultural heritage, ancestry, Culture of Serbia, culture, History of Serbia, history, and Serbian lan ...

). * November 19 – The so-called Man in the Iron Mask dies in the Bastille. He is buried under the name of "Marchioly". * November 30 –

Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton () was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author. Newton was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment that followed ...

is elected president of the

Royal Society The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, re ...

of London, a position he will hold until his death in 1727. * December 7– 10 (November 26–29 O.S.) – The Great Storm of 1703, an

extratropical cyclone Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, are low-pressure areas which, along with the anticyclones of high-pressure areas, drive the weather over much of the Earth. Extratropical cyclones are capable of p ...

, ravages southern England and the

English Channel The English Channel, also known as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France. It links to the southern part of the North Sea by the Strait of Dover at its northeastern end. It is the busi ...

, killing at least 8,000, mostly at sea. The Eddystone Lighthouse off

Plymouth Plymouth ( ) is a port city status in the United Kingdom, city and unitary authority in Devon, South West England. It is located on Devon's south coast between the rivers River Plym, Plym and River Tamar, Tamar, about southwest of Exeter and ...

is destroyed in the storm together with its designer Henry Winstanley and many buildings on land are damaged. * December 27 – Portugal and England sign the Methuen Treaty, which gives preference to Portuguese wines imported into England. * December 28 – Ahmed III succeeds the deposed Mustafa II as Ottoman Emperor.

Date unknown

* French-born imposter George Psalmanazar arrives in London. * Between 1702 and 1703 – An epidemic of

smallpox Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by Variola virus (often called Smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus '' Orthopoxvirus''. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (W ...

breaks out in

Quebec Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...

, in which 2,000-3,000 people die (300-400 in

Quebec City Quebec City is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, and the Census Metropolitan Area (including surrounding communities) had a populati ...

Births

January–March

January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...

– Heinrich Sigismund von der Heyde, Prussian army commander (d. 1765) *

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Emp ...

– George Cholmondeley, 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley, English politician (d. 1770) *

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

– Daniel-Charles Trudaine, French administrator and civil engineer (d. 1769) *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French ...

** James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish peer (d. 1743) ** Paul d'Albert de Luynes, French archbishop (d. 1788) *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi becomes emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty in succession to his brother, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong, despite a challenge from his other brother, Sima Ying. * 871 ...

– André Levret, French obstetrician, medical practitioner in Paris (d. 1780) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and th ...

– Christoph Birkmann, German theologian and minister (d. 1771) *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Roman emperor, Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. *1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to set ...

** Henriette Louise de Bourbon, French princess by birth, member of the House of Bourbon (d. 1772) ** John Brydges, Marquess of Carnarvon, English politician (d. 1727) ** Johann Ernst Hebenstreit, German physician and naturalist (d. 1757) *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. *1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry (bishop of Finland), Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Köyliönjärvi, Lake Köyli� ...

– Joseph-Hector Fiocco, Belgian composer and violinist (d. 1741) *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...

– Antoine Walsh, Irish-French slave trader and Jacobite (d. 1763) *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler ...

– Carlmann Kolb, German priest (d. 1765) *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on th ...

– André-Joseph Panckoucke, French author and bookseller (d. 1753) *

– Richard Morris, Welsh writer and editor (d. 1779) *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1047 – Drogo of Hauteville is elected as count of the Apulian Normans during the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, u ...

– Jean Philippe de Bela, French military figure and Basque writer and historian (d. 1796) *

** Jean Saas, French historian and bibliographer (d. 1774) ** Andrew Stone, significant figure in the British royal circle, Member of Parliament (d. 1773) *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * *2 BC – Caesar Augustus is granted the title ''pater patriae'' by the Roman Senate. *AD 62, 62 – AD 62 Pompeii earthquake, Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. *756 – Chinese New Year; An Lushan proclaims himself E ...

– Gilbert Tennent, Irish-born religious leader (d. 1764) *

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of ...

** Corrado Giaquinto, Italian Rococo painter (d. 1765) ** François-Pierre Rigaud de Vaudreuil, soldier in New France (d. 1779) *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I and Pope Pope John XII, John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1258 – Siege of Baghdad (1258), Siege of Baghdad: Hulegu Kh ...

– Robert Dodsley, English bookseller, poet, playwright and miscellaneous writer (d. 1764) *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantin ...

– Lord Sidney Beauclerk, English politician and fortune hunter (d. 1744) *

– Philip Tisdall, Attorney-General for Ireland (d. 1777) *

March 4 Events Pre-1600 * AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 581 – Yang Jian declares himself Emperor ...

– Nicolas René Berryer, French magistrate and politician (d. 1762) *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Easte ...

(N. S.) – Vasily Trediakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1768) * March 10 – Peter Warren, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1752) * March 21 – Georg Andreas Sorge, Thuringian organist (d.

1778 Events January–March * January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Sea captain, Captain James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution (1771), HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS Discovery (1774), HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu, Oʻahu th ...

) *

March 23 Events Pre-1600 * 1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. * 1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the las ...

– Cajsa Warg, Swedish cookbook author (d. 1769)

April–June

* April 8 – Benoît-Joseph Boussu, French violin maker (d. 1773) * April 10 – Pierre Daubenton, French lawyer (d. 1776) *

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...

– José Francisco de Isla, Spanish Jesuit (d.

1781 Events January–March * January – William Pitt the Younger, later Prime Minister of Great Britain, enters Parliament of Great Britain, Parliament, aged 21. * January 1 – Industrial Revolution: The Iron Bridge opens ...

) * May 2 – James West, English antiquary (d. 1772) * May 8 – Gottlob Harrer, German composer and choir leader (d. 1755) *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. * 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...

– John Winslow, British Army officer (d. 1774) *

May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the ...

– Countess Sophie Theodora of Castell-Remlingen, German noblewoman (d. 1777) * May 14 – David Brearly, delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention (d. 1785) * May 18 ** Jean Daullé, French engraver (d. 1763) ** İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi, Turkish Sufi saint (d. 1780) * May 20 – René Lièvre de Besançon, French archer (d. 1739) *

June 6 Events Pre-1600 * 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointe ...

– Edmund Law, priest in the Church of England (d. 1787) * June 10 – Walter Butler, 16th Earl of Ormonde, Irish landowner (d. 1783) * June 21 – Joseph Lieutaud, French physician (d. 1780) * June 24 – Anne van Keppel, Countess of Albemarle (d. 1789) *

June 26 Events Pre-1600 *4 AD, 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius. * 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar (title), Caesar. * 363 – Roman emperor Julian (emperor), J ...

– Thomas Clap, first president of Yale University (d. 1767) * June 28 –

John Wesley John Wesley ( ; 2 March 1791) was an English cleric, Christian theology, theologian, and Evangelism, evangelist who was a principal leader of a Christian revival, revival movement within the Church of England known as Methodism. The societies ...

, English founder of Methodism and anti-slavery activist (d. 1791)

July–September

* July 7 – Kenrick Prescot, English Anglican priest and academic (d. 1779) * July 9 – Edward Shippen III, American merchant and mayor of Philadelphia (d.

) * July 12 – Nicholas Hewetson, Anglican priest in Ireland (d. 1761) * July 15 – Axel Lagerbielke, Swedish admiral and statesman (d. 1782) * July 17 – Thomas Hancock, merchant in colonial Boston (d. 1764) * August 2 – Lorenzo Ricci, Italian Jesuit leader (d. 1775) * August 4 – Louis, Duke of Orléans, member of the royal family of France (d. 1752) * August 9 – Muhammad Ibrahim, claimant to the throne of India (d. 1746) * August 15 – Jacob Bicker Raije, writer from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1777) * August 24 – François-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery, colonial military leader in the French province of Canada (d. 1759) * August 30 – Jean-Louis Calandrini, Genevan scientist (d. 1758) * September 1 – Just Fabritius, Danish merchant (d.

1766 Events January–March * January 1 – Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") becomes the new House of Stuart, Stuart claimant to the throne of Great Britain, as King Charles III, and figurehead for Jacobitism. * Januar ...

) * September 3 – Johann Theodor of Bavaria, cardinal (d. 1763) * September 6 – John Harris, British landowner and politician (d. 1768) * September 15 – Guillaume-François Rouelle, French chemist (d. 1770) * September 23 – Charlotte Howe, Viscountess Howe, Hanover-born British courtier and politician (d. 1782) * September 29 ** François Boucher, French painter (d. 1770) ** Baltzer Fleischer, Norwegian civil servant and county governor (d. 1767) ** François Fresneau de La Gataudière, French botanist and scientist (d. 1770) ** Philip Syng, Irish-born American silversmith (d. 1789)

October–December

* October 3 – Franz Christoph Janneck, Austrian painter in the Baroque style (d. 1761) * October 5 – Jonathan Edwards, North American revivalist preacher (d. 1758) * October 6 – Louis de Beaufort, French-Dutch historian known for his critical approach to the history of Rome (d.

1795 Events January–June * January – Central England records its coldest ever month, in the CET records dating back to 1659. * January 14 – The University of North Carolina opens to students at Chapel Hill, becoming the ...

) * October 7 – Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Baden-Durlach, German hereditary prince (d. 1732) * October 13 ** Andrea Belli, Maltese architect and businessman (d. 1772) ** Otto Thott, Danish Count (d. 1785) * October 15 – Benigna Gottliebe von Trotta genannt Treyden, Duchess consort of Courland (d. 1782) * October 16 ** Joachim Faiguet de Villeneuve, French economist (d.

) ** Henry Fane of Wormsley, English politician (d. 1777) * October 22 – Edward Rudge, English politician (d. 1763) * October 23 – Sir Alexander Dick, 3rd Baronet, Scottish landowner and physician (d. 1785) * October 28 ** Andreas Bjørn, Danish merchant (d. 1750) ** Antoine Deparcieux, French mathematician (d. 1768 * October 30 – James Hill, Scottish surgeon, advocate of curative excision for cancer (d. 1776) * November 1 – Frederik Danneskiold-Samsøe, Danish politician (d. 1770) * November 10 – Carlo Zuccari, Italian composer and violinist (d. 1792) * November 17 – Adam Miller, German-born pioneer in the colony of Virginia (d. 1783) * November 18 – Andrew Rollo, 5th Lord Rollo, Scottish army commander in Canada and Dominica during the Seven Years' War (d. 1765) * November 22 ** Walter Pompe, Flemish master-sculptor (d. 1777) ** Balthasar Riepp, German-Austrian painter (d. 1764) * November 23 – Louise Levesque, French femme de lettres (d. 1743) *

November 25 Events Pre-1600 *571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Ancient Rome, Rome, celebrates the first of his three Roman triumph, triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans. *1034 – Máel Coluim II of Scotland, Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, Ki ...

–

Jean-François Séguier Jean-François Séguier (; 25 November 1703 – 1 September 1784) was a French archaeologist, epigraphist, astronomer and botanist from Nîmes. He studied law in Montpellier Montpellier (; ) is a city in southern France near the Mediterrane ...

, French astronomer and botanist (d. 1784) * November 26 –

Theophilus Cibber Theophilus Cibber (25 or 26 November 1703 – October 1758) was an English actor, playwright, author, and son of the actor-manager Colley Cibber. He began acting at an early age, and followed his father into theatrical management. In 1727, Alex ...

, English actor and writer (d. 1758) * November 27 – James De Lancey, colonial governor of the Province of New York (d. 1760) * December 2 – Ferdinand Konščak, Croatian Jesuit missionary, explorer and cartographer (d. 1759) * December 9 – Chester Moore Hall, British lawyer and inventor who produced the first achromatic lenses (d. 1771) * December 12 – Simon Carl Stanley, Danish sculptor of English parentage (d. 1761) *

December 15 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – Vandalic War: Byzantine Empire, Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Tricamarum. * 687 – Pope Sergius I is elected as a compromise between antipopes P ...

** Johann Martin Boltzius, German born (d. 1765) ** Frederick Ernest of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, member of the Brandenburg-Kulmbach branch of the House of Hohenzollern (d. 1762) * December 23 – Stephen Cornwallis, career British Army officer and politician (d. 1743) * December 24 ** Aleksei Chirikov, Russian navigator (d. 1748) ** Christen Lindencrone, Danish landowner and supercargo of the Danish Asia Company (d. 1772)

Date unknown

* Johann Gottlieb Graun, German Baroque/Classical era composer and violinist (d. 1771) * Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Saudi Sunni scholar, theologian, preacher, activist, and religious leader (d. 1792)

Deaths

– Úrsula Micaela Morata, Spanish writer (b. 1628) *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...

– Johann Georg Graevius, German classical scholar and critic (b. 1632) *

– Erik Dahlbergh, Swedish engineer, soldier and field marshal (b. 1625) *

– Phetracha, king of Ayutthaya (b. 1632) *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Ti ...

– Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian (b. 1636) *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 3102 BC – Kali Yuga, the fourth and final yuga of Hinduism, starts with the death of Krishna. * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining J ...

** Thomas Hyde, English orientalist (b. 1636) **

Ilona Zrínyi Countess Ilona Zrínyi (Croatian language, Croatian: ''Jelena Zrinska'', Hungarian language, Hungarian: ''Zrínyi Ilona'') (1643, Ozalj – 18 February 1703, Izmit) was a noblewoman and heroine. She was one of the last surviving members of th ...

, Hungarian heroine (b. 1643) *

– John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford, British noble (b. 1686) *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic), Fourth Council of Co ...

– Sir Roger Twisden, 2nd Baronet of England (b. 1640) * March 3 – Robert Hooke, English scientist (b. 1635) *

March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. * 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of th ...

– Aubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of Oxford (b. 1627) * March 31 – Johann Christoph Bach, German composer (b.

1642 Events January–March * January 4 – King Charles I of England, accompanied by soldiers, arrives at a session of the Long Parliament and attempts to arrest his chief opponents, the Five Members, John Hampden, Arthur Haselri ...

) * April 1 – Thomas Jermyn, 2nd Baron Jermyn, Governor of Jersey (b. 1633) * April 20 – Lancelot Addison, English royal chaplain (b. 1632) * May 3 – Sir Richard Howe, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1621) *

May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...

– John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl (b. 1631) * May 16 – Charles Perrault, French author (b. 1628) * May 26 ** Louis-Hector de Callière, French politician (b. 1648) ** Samuel Pepys, English civil servant and diarist (b. 1633) * June 14 – Jean Herauld Gourville, French adventurer (b. 1625) * June 19 – William Stanhope, English politician (b. 1626) * July 17 – Roemer Vlacq I, Dutch naval captain (b. 1637) * July 20 ** Changning, prince during the Qing dynasty (b. 1657) ** Statz Friedrich von Fullen, German-born nobleman (b. 1638) * August 10 – Fuquan (prince), Chinese Qing dynasty prince (b. 1653) *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. *1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song War ...

– Thomas Tryon, British hat maker (b. 1634) * September 22 – Vincenzo Viviani, Italian mathematician and scientist (b. 1622) * September 25 – Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll, Scottish privy councillor (b. 1658) * September 29 – Charles de Saint-Évremond, French soldier (b. 1610) * September 30 – Walter J. Johnson, English explorer, fur trader (b. 1611) * October 3 – Alessandro Melani, Italian composer (b.

1639 Events January–March * January 19 – Hämeenlinna () is granted privileges, after it separates from the Vanaja parish, as its own city in Tavastia. *c. January – The first printing press in British North America is ...

) * October 5 – Anthony Ettrick, English politician (b. 1622) * October 8 – Tomás Marín de Poveda, 1st Marquis of Cañada Hermosa, Royal Governor of Chile (b. 1650) * October 11 – Roger Cave, English politician (b. 1655) * October 14 – Thomas Kingo, Danish bishop (b. 1634) * October 28 –

John Wallis John Wallis (; ; ) was an English clergyman and mathematician, who is given partial credit for the development of infinitesimal calculus. Between 1643 and 1689 Wallis served as chief cryptographer for Parliament and, later, the royal court. ...

, English mathematician (b. 1616) * November 19 – The Man in the Iron Mask, French prisoner (identity unknown) * November 27 – Henry Winstanley, English engineer (b. 1644) * November 30 – Nicolas de Grigny, French organist and composer (b. 1672) * December 28 – Mustafa II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1664) * ''date unknown'' – Anastasiya Dabizha, princess of Moldavia and Wallachia and Hetmana of Ukraine.

References

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