Recognition of the Duke of Anjou as King of Spain

The year 1700 was the last year of the 17th century and the first year of the 18th century. As of

March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...

( O.S.

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats Roman usurper, usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the w ...

), where the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 11 days until

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic), Fourth Council of Co ...

( O.S.

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons ...

), 1800. In Sweden, the year started in the Julian calendar and remained so until February 28. Then, by skipping the leap day, the

Swedish calendar The Swedish calendar () or Swedish style () was a calendar in use in Sweden and its possessions from 1 March 1700 until 30 February 1712. It was one day ahead of the Julian calendar and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Easter was calculat ...

was introduced, letting Wednesday, February 28, be followed by Thursday, March 1, giving the entire year the same pattern as a

common year starting on Monday A common year starting on Monday is any non-leap year (i.e., a year with 365 days) that begins on Monday, 1 January, and ends on Monday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is G. The most recent year of such kind was 2018, and the next one ...

, similar to the calendars of

2001 The year's most prominent event was the September 11 attacks against the United States by al-Qaeda, which Casualties of the September 11 attacks, killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror. The United States led a Participan ...

2007 2007 was designated as the International Heliophysical Year and the International Polar Year. Events January * January 1 **Bulgaria and Romania 2007 enlargement of the European Union, join the European Union, while Slovenia joins the Eur ...

, and

2018 Events January * January 1 – Bulgaria takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union, after the Estonian presidency. * January 4 – SPLM-IO rebels loyal to Chan Garang Lual start a raid against Juba, capital of ...

. This calendar, being ten days behind the Gregorian and one day ahead of the Julian, lasts until

1712 In the Swedish calendar it began as a leap year starting on Monday and remained so until Thursday, February 29. By adding a second leap day, Friday, February 30, Sweden reverted to the Julian calendar and the rest of the year (from Saturday, M ...

Events

January–March

January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...

–

Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...

nations in

Western Europe Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's extent varies depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the Western half of the ancient Mediterranean ...

, except

England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...

, start using the

Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It went into effect in October 1582 following the papal bull issued by Pope Gregory XIII, which introduced it as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian cale ...

Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

nations have been using the Gregorian calendar since its introduction in

1582 1582 ( MDLXXXII) was a common year starting on Monday in the Julian calendar, and a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Proleptic Gregorian calendar. This year saw the beginning of the Gregorian calendar ...

Pope Gregory XIII Pope Gregory XIII (, , born Ugo Boncompagni; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 May 1572 to his death in April 1585. He is best known for commissioning and being the namesake ...

. *

(Julian) (January 11, Gregorian) – The

Tsardom of Russia The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan the Terrible, Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. ...

begins numbering its calendar from the birth of Christ (

Anno Domini The terms (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used when designating years in the Gregorian calendar, Gregorian and Julian calendar, Julian calendars. The term is Medieval Latin and means "in the year of the Lord" but is often presented using "o ...

), instead of since the Creation (

Anno Mundi (from Latin 'in the year of the world'; ), abbreviated as AM or A.M., or Year After Creation, is a calendar era based on biblical accounts of the creation of the world and subsequent history. Two such calendar eras of notable use are: * Sin ...

). *

January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. * 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. * 1564 – The Council of T ...

– At approximately 9 p.m., the Cascadia earthquake occurs in the

Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest (PNW; ) is a geographic region in Western North America bounded by its coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains to the east. Though no official boundary exists, the most common ...

, with an estimated

moment magnitude The moment magnitude scale (MMS; denoted explicitly with or Mwg, and generally implied with use of a single M for magnitude) is a measure of an earthquake's magnitude ("size" or strength) based on its seismic moment. was defined in a 1979 paper ...

of 8.7–9.2. This

megathrust earthquake Megathrust earthquakes occur at convergent plate boundaries, where one tectonic plate is forced underneath another. The earthquakes are caused by slip along the thrust fault that forms the contact between the two plates. These interplate earthq ...

ruptures about of the

Cascadia Subduction Zone The Cascadia subduction zone is a convergent plate boundary, about off the Pacific coast of North America, that stretches from northern Vancouver Island in Canada to Northern California in the United States. It is capable of producing 9.0+ m ...

and causes a

tsunami A tsunami ( ; from , ) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and underwater explosions (including detonations, ...

that strikes the coast of Japan approximately 10 hours later. *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1047 – Drogo of Hauteville is elected as count of the Apulian Normans during the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, u ...

– The 'Lesser Great Fire' destroys a substantial part of central

Edinburgh Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. The city is located in southeast Scotland and is bounded to the north by the Firth of Forth and to the south by the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh ...

, Scotland. *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular. * 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...

– The

Great Northern War In the Great Northern War (1700–1721) a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern Europe, Northern, Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the ant ...

begins with a joint invasion of

Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...

territory in

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

and

Latvia Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to t ...

, by

Denmark Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...

and

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

Saxony Saxony, officially the Free State of Saxony, is a landlocked state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic. Its capital is Dresden, and ...

. Sweden has control of the

Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by the countries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North European Plain, North and Central European Plain regions. It is the ...

and holds territory that includes Finland,

Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...

, Latvia and parts of northern Germany. To challenge its power, an alliance is formed between Tsar

Peter I of Russia Peter I (, ; – ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned jointly with his half-brother Ivan V until 1696. From this year, ...

, King

Frederick IV of Denmark Frederick IV (Danish language, Danish: ''Frederik''; 11 October 1671 – 12 October 1730) was List of Danish monarchs, King of Denmark and List of Norwegian monarchs, Norway from 1699 until his death. Frederick was the son of Christian V of Denma ...

and

Augustus II the Strong Augustus II the Strong (12 May 1670 – 1 February 1733), was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1697 to 1706 and from 1709 until his death in 1733. He belonged to the Albertine branch of the H ...

, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony. Sweden's ruler is the militaristic

Charles XII Charles XII, sometimes Carl XII () or Carolus Rex (17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 Old Style and New Style dates, O.S.), was King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718. He belonged to the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch line of the House of ...

, known as the "Swedish Meteor". *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantin ...

– The island of

New Britain New Britain () is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea (or with an island hop of Umboi Island, Umboi the Dampie ...

is discovered by

William Dampier William Dampier (baptised 5 September 1651; died March 1715) was an English explorer, pirate, privateer, navigator, and naturalist who became the first Englishman to explore parts of what is today Australia, and the first person to circumnavig ...

, in the western Pacific. *

(Gregorian) – Protestant

and

Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway (Danish language, Danish and Norwegian language, Norwegian: ) is a term for the 16th-to-19th-century multi-national and multi-lingual real unionFeldbæk 1998:11 consisting of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway (includ ...

adopt the

. *

(Swedish),

March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the veneration of icons in the Orthodox churches in the Byzantine Empire. * 1343 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last Bishop of Prague (3 March 13 ...

(Gregorian),

February 29 February 29 is a '' leap day'' (or "leap year day")—an intercalary date added periodically to create leap years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It is the 60th day of a leap year in both Julian and Gregorian calendars, and 306 day ...

(Julian) – The

is adopted. *

March March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March. The March equinox on the 20 or 2 ...

(early) –

William Congreve William Congreve (24 January 1670 – 19 January 1729) was an English playwright, satirist, poet, and Whig politician. He spent most of his career between London and Dublin, and was noted for his highly polished style of writing, being regard ...

's comedy ''

The Way of the World ''The Way of the World'' is a play written by the English playwright William Congreve. It premiered in early March 1700 in the theatre in Lincoln's Inn Fields in London. It is widely regarded as one of the best works of Restoration comedy ev ...

'' is first performed in London. *

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 ...

–

Shivaji II Shivaji II (Shivaji Bhonsale, ; 9 June 1696 – 14 March 1726) was the fourth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Kingdom. He was the son of the Maratha Chhatrapati Rajaram I, and his wife Tarabai. He later became the first Raja of Kolhapur State, Ko ...

accedes to the throne of the

Maratha Empire The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern India, early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent List of Maratha dynasties and states, Ma ...

as the 4th Chhatrapati after his father

Rajaram I Rajaram I (Rajaram Bhonsale, ; 24 February 1670 – 3 March 1700), also known as Ram Raaje, was the third king ( Chhatrapati) of the Maratha Kingdom, who ruled from 1689 to his death in 1700. He was the second son of Shivaji, the founder of t ...

's death. *

March 24 Events Pre-1600 *1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6. * 1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian- Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margat ...

– The Treaty of London is signed between

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

and the

Dutch Republic The United Provinces of the Netherlands, commonly referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation that existed from 1579 until the Batavian Revolution in 1795. It was a predecessor state of the present-day Netherlands ...

April–June

April 15 Events Pre-1600 * 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings. * 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guisca ...

– The coronation of King

takes place at

Frederiksborg Castle Frederiksborg Castle () is a palatial complex in Hillerød, Denmark. It was built as a royal residence for Christian IV of Denmark, King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway in the early 17th century, replacing an older castle acquired by Frederick II ...

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the Urban area of Copenhagen, urban area. The city is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager, separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the ...

. *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. * 1428 – Peace of Ferrara ...

– Hungarian freedom activist

Ferenc Rákóczi Ferenc () is a given name of Hungarian origin. It is a cognate of Francis, Francisco, Francesco, François, Frank and Franz. People with the name include: * Ferenc Batthyány (1497–1566), Hungarian magnate and general * Ferenc Bene (1944–2 ...

is arrested by Austrian authorities and charged with sedition. Imprisoned near

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

and facing a death sentence, he escapes and later leads the overthrow of the Habsburg control of Hungary. *

April 21 Events Pre-1600 * 753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is mur ...

– In

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

, the siege of the fortress of

Sajjangad Sajjangad, meaning "Fort of Good People", is located near the city of Satara (city), Satara, India. It is the final resting place of Samarth Ramdas, Sant Ramdas in 18th century India (born 1608). His teachings and works written in books such a ...

(located in the

Maharashtra Maharashtra () is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. It is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south, Telangana to th ...

state) is begun by an army led by Fateullahakhan. The fortress falls on June 6. *

April April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. Its length is 30 days. April is commonly associated with the season of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where it is the ...

– Fire destroys many buildings in

Gondar Gondar, also spelled Gonder (Amharic: ጎንደር, ''Gonder'' or ''Gondär''; formerly , ''Gʷandar'' or ''Gʷender''), is a city and woreda in Ethiopia. Located in the North Gondar Zone of the Amhara Region, Gondar is north of Lake Tana on ...

, the capital of

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

, including two in the palace complex. *

May 5 Events Pre-1600 * 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins. * 1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta. * 1260 – ...

– Within a few days of poet

John Dryden John Dryden (; – ) was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who in 1668 was appointed England's first Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom, Poet Laureate. He is seen as dominating the literary life of Restoration (En ...

's death in London (

May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. * 1169 & ...

O.S.), his last written work ('' The Secular Masque'') is performed as part of Vanbrugh's version of '' The Pilgrim''. *

May May is the fifth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. May is a month of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, May in the Southern Hemisphere is the ...

– In

Rhode Island Rhode Island ( ) is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Connecticut to its west; Massachusetts to its north and east; and the Atlantic Ocean to its south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Is ...

(American colony), Walter Clarke, three-term former Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is elected deputy governor for the second time, serving under his brother-in-law

Samuel Cranston Samuel Cranston (1659–1727) was a governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations during the first quarter of the 18th century. He held office from 1698 to 1727, being elected to office 30 times (twice in 1698) and served as g ...

. *

June 8 Events Pre-1600 * 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus. * 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces ...

(May 28 O.S.) – The legislature for the

Province of Massachusetts Bay The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a colony in New England which became one of the thirteen original states of the United States. It was chartered on October 7, 1691, by William III and Mary II, the joint monarchs of the kingdoms of Eng ...

(the modern-day Commonwealth of

Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...

in the United States) passes into law "An Act against Jesuits & Popish Priests" making a finding that Roman Catholic clerics have attempted to incite American Indians into a rebellion against the Crown, and declaring "That all and every Jesuit, Seminary Priest, Missionary, or other Spiritual or Ecclesiastical Person made or ordained by any Authority, Power or Jurisdiction derived, challenged or pretended from the Pope or See of Rome, now residing within this Province or any part thereof, shall depart from and out of the same, at or before the tenth day of September next, in this present year, One Thousand and Seven Hundred." The

Province of New York The Province of New York was a British proprietary colony and later a royal colony on the northeast coast of North America from 1664 to 1783. It extended from Long Island on the Atlantic, up the Hudson River and Mohawk River valleys to ...

enacts similar legislation later in the year.

July–September

July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and becomes a monk (under the name Athanasius). * 911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair ...

– The

Prussian Academy of Sciences The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences () was an academy established in Berlin, Germany on 11 July 1700, four years after the Prussian Academy of Arts, or "Arts Academy," to which "Berlin Academy" may also refer. In the 18th century, when Frenc ...

is founded, with

Gottfried Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (or Leibnitz; – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who is credited, alongside Isaac Newton, Sir Isaac Newton, with the creation of calculus in ad ...

as president. *

July 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. * 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade. * 1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of S ...

–

Charles XII of Sweden Charles XII, sometimes Carl XII () or Carolus Rex (17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 Old Style and New Style dates, O.S.), was King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718. He belonged to the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch line of the House of ...

counter-attacks his enemies by invading

Zealand Zealand ( ) is the largest and most populous islands of Denmark, island in Denmark proper (thus excluding Greenland and Disko Island, which are larger in size) at 7,031 km2 (2715 sq. mi.). Zealand had a population of 2,319,705 on 1 Januar ...

(Denmark), assisted by an Anglo-Dutch naval squadron under Sir

George Rooke Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy), Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Rooke (1650 – 24 January 1709) was an Royal Navy officer and politician. As a junior officer he saw action at the Battle of Solebay and again at the Battle of Schooneveld duri ...

, rapidly compelling the Danes to submit to peace. *

July 30 Events Pre-1600 * 762 – Baghdad is founded. * 1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council. * 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay I ...

– Eleven-year-old

Prince William, Duke of Gloucester Prince William, Duke of Gloucester (William Henry; 24 July 1689 – 30 July 1700), was the son of Princess Anne (later Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1702) and her husband, Prince George of Denmark. He was their only child t ...

, dies of "a malignant fever" at

Windsor Castle Windsor Castle is a List of British royal residences, royal residence at Windsor, Berkshire, Windsor in the English county of Berkshire, about west of central London. It is strongly associated with the Kingdom of England, English and succee ...

, leaving the Protestant

succession to the British throne Succession to the British throne is determined by descent, sex, legitimacy, and religion. Under common law, the Crown is inherited by a sovereign's children or by a childless sovereign's nearest Collateral descendant, collateral line. The Bil ...

in doubt. *

August 18 Events Pre-1600 * 684 – Battle of Marj Rahit: Umayyad partisans defeat the supporters of Ibn al-Zubayr and cement Umayyad control of Syria. * 707 – Princess Abe accedes to the imperial Japanese throne as Empress Genmei. * 130 ...

(

August 7 Events Pre-1600 * 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer. * 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of ...

O.S.) – The

Peace of Travendal The Peace of Travendal was a peace treaty concluded at the outset of the Great Northern War on 18 August 1700 between the Swedish Empire, Denmark–Norway and Holstein-Gottorp in Traventhal.Weigley (2004), p.108 Denmark had to return Holstein-G ...

is concluded between the

Swedish Empire The Swedish Empire or the Great Power era () was the period in Swedish history spanning much of the 17th and early 18th centuries during which Sweden became a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic regi ...

and

Holstein-Gottorp Holstein-Gottorp () is the historiographical name, as well as contemporary shorthand name, for the parts of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, also known as Ducal Holstein, that were ruled by the dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, a side ...

in Traventhal. On the same day,

Augustus II Augustus II the Strong (12 May 1670 – 1 February 1733), was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1697 to 1706 and from 1709 until his death in 1733. He belonged to the Albertine branch of the H ...

King of Poland Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of Royal elections in Poland, free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electab ...

, and

Peter the Great Peter I (, ; – ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of Russia, Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned j ...

Tsar of Russia The Tsar of all Russia, formally the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, was the title of the Russian monarch from 1547 to 1721. During this period, the state was a tsardom. The first Russian monarch to be crowned as tsar was Ivan ...

, enter the war against Sweden. *

September 6 Events Pre-1600 * 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: Roman emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills Eugenius the usurper. His Frankish ''magister militum'' Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later. *1492 – Christopher Co ...

–

Edmond Halley Edmond (or Edmund) Halley (; – ) was an English astronomer, mathematician and physicist. He was the second Astronomer Royal in Britain, succeeding John Flamsteed in 1720. From an observatory he constructed on Saint Helena in 1676–77, Hal ...

returns to England after a voyage of almost one year on HMS ''Paramour'', from which he has observed the

Antarctic Convergence The Antarctic Convergence or Antarctic Polar Front is a marine belt encircling Antarctica, varying in latitude seasonally, where cold, northward-flowing Antarctic waters meet the relatively warmer waters of the sub-Antarctic. The line separate ...

, and publishes his findings on terrestrial magnetism in ''General Chart of the Variation of the Compass''. *

September 12 Events Pre-1600 * 490 BC – Battle of Marathon: The conventionally accepted date for the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians and their Plataean allies defeat the first Persian invasion force of Greece. * 372 – Sixteen Kingdoms: Sima ...

– Antioh Cantemir is deposed as the

voivode of Moldavia This is a list of monarchs of Moldavia, from the first mention of the medieval polity east of the Carpathian Mountains, Carpathians and until its disestablishment in 1862, when Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia, it united with Wallachia, the ot ...

and replaced by his predecessor Constantine Ducas. *

September 13 Events Pre-1600 *585 BC – Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victories over the Sabines, and the surrender of Collatia. *509 BC – The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Rome's Capitoline Hill ...

-September 14, 14 – The List of Atlantic hurricanes in the 18th century, Rising-sun hurricane of 1700 strikes the coast of South Carolina, killing 98. * September 27 – Pope Innocent XII dies at the age of 85 after a tenure of more than nine years. Fabrizio Spada, the Cardinal Secretary of State, assumes administration of the Roman Catholic Church in order to oversee the election of a new Pope. * September – A Russian army invades Swedish Estonia, and besieges the town of Narva.

October–December

* October 3 – The Battle of Jouami' al-Ulama takes place in Algeria with a surprise attack and ambush on the army of Murad III List of beys of Tunis, Bey of Tunis by two Algerian defenders, Hadj Mustapha, List of governors and rulers of the Regency of Algiers, Dey of Algiers and Ahmed ben Ferhat, Beylik of Constantine. * October 16 – Patriarch Adrian of Moscow, Adrian, Patriarch of All Russia, dies after more than 10 years as head of the Russian Orthodox Church. He is replaced by the hand-picked choice of Tsar Church reform of Peter the Great, Peter the Great with the appointment of Simeon Ivanovich Yavorsky as Patriarch Stefan Yavorsky, Stefan. * November 1 – Charles II of Spain, Charles II, the last Spanish king of the House of Habsburg, dies at the Royal Alcazar of Madrid aged 38, leaving no children; his last will makes Philip V of Spain, Philip of Anjou his heir. * November 15 – Louis XIV of France accepts the Spanish crown on behalf of his grandson Philip of Anjou of the House of Bourbon, who becomes Philip V of Spain (reigning for 44 years – with a short break – to 1746), thus triggering the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714). * November 18 – Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702), Lithuanian Civil War: Battle of Valkininkai (1700), Battle of Valkininkai – The anti-Sapieha coalition is victorious. * November 23 – Cardinal Giovanni Francesco Albani, having been ordained as a Roman Catholic priest only two months earlier, is elected by the Papal conclave, 1700, Papal conclave to succeed Pope Innocent XII, and becomes the 243rd pope, taking the name of Pope Clement XI, Clement XI. * November 30 (November 19 O.S.; November 20

) – Battle of Narva (1700), Battle of Narva in Estonia: Having led his army of 8,000 on a forced march from Denmark to Duchy of Estonia (1561–1721), Estonia,

routs the huge Russian army. * December 8 – The formal coronation of Pope Clement XI takes place in Rome. * December 28 – Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester, Lord President of the Council in charge of the Privy Council, is appointed to the additional job of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, the highest Crown official in charge of administration of Ireland. * December 30 (December 19, O.S.) – The 4th Parliament of King William III in England is dissolved and new elections are ordered by the King.

Date unknown

* Mission San Xavier del Bac is founded in New Spain near Tucson, Arizona, Tucson, as a Spanish Empire, Spanish Roman Catholic mission. Its location had first been scouted by the Spanish in 1692. * An inventory made for the House of Medici of Florence is the first documentary evidence for a piano, invented by their instrument keeper Bartolomeo Cristofori. * An English translation of the novel ''Don Quixote'', "translated from the original by many hands and published by Peter Anthony Motteux, Peter Motteux", begins publication in London. While popular among readers, it will eventually come to be known as one of the worst translations of the novel, totally betraying the spirit of Miguel de Cervantes's masterpiece. * The value of sales of English manufactured products to the Atlantic economy is £3.9 million. * Approximate date – Lions become extinct in Libya.

World population

Births

January–March

* January 8 – Augustyn Mirys, Polish painter (d. 1790) * January 14 – Picander (Christian Friedrich Henrici), German poet and librettist (d. 1764) * January 23 – John Christian, Count Palatine of Sulzbach from 1732 to 1733 (d. 1733) * January 28 – John Penn ("the American"), American-born merchant (d. 1746) * January 29 – Konstancja Czartoryska (1700–1759), Konstancja Czartoryska, Polish noblewoman and politician (d. 1759) * February 2 – Johann Christoph Gottsched, German philosopher (d. 1766) * February 8 – Daniel Bernoulli, Dutch-born Swiss mathematician (d. 1782) * February 16 – Pedro Messía de la Cerda, 2nd Marquis of Vega de Armijo, Spanish naval officer and colonial official (d. 1783) * February 18 – Nicolaus Schuback, German lawyer (d. 1783) * February 21 – Henri Hemsch, French harpsichord maker of German origin (d. 1769) *

– Samsam ud Daula Shah Nawaz Khan, Mughal courtier (d. 1758) *

– Pierre-Joseph Bourcet, French tactician (d. 1780) *

** William Lacon Childe, English politician (d. 1757) ** Charles-Joseph Natoire, French painter in the Rococo manner (d. 1777) * March 4 – Louis Auguste, Prince of Dombes, grandson of Louis XIV of France and of his ''maîtresse-en-titre'' Françoise-Athénaïs (d. 1755) * March 8 – William Morgan (of Tredegar, elder), Welsh politician (d. 1731) * March 13 ** Michel Blavet, French composer and flute virtuoso (d. 1768) ** Antonio Joli, Italian painter of ''vedute'' and ''capricci'' (d. 1777) ** James Kent (composer), James Kent, English organist and composer (d. 1776) ** Jób Viczay, Hungarian nobleman (d. 1734) * March 15 – Leonor Tomásia de Távora, 3rd Marquise of Távora, Portuguese noblewoman (d. 1759) * March 23 – Pieter Woortman, Dutch colonial administrator (d. 1780) * March 29 – Charles Cornwallis, 1st Earl Cornwallis (d. 1762) * March 30 – Thomas Pichon, French colonial agent (d. 1781)

April–June

* April 4 – Christophe Moyreau, French Baroque composer (d. 1774) * April 30 ** Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish nobleman (d. 1739) ** Percy Freke, British baronet and Irish politician (d. 1728) * May 2 – Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1726) * May 6 – Giuseppe Peroni, Italian painter (d. 1776) * May 7 – Gerard van Swieten, Dutch-born physician (d. 1772) * May 12 – Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect (d. 1773) * May 14 – Mary Delany, English artist (d. 1788) * May 19 – José de Escandón, Spanish colonial governor (d. 1770) * May 22 – Michel-François Dandré-Bardon, French history painter and etcher (d. 1785) * May 26 – Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf, German religious and social reformer (d. 1760) * May 27 – Robert Shirley (MP), Robert Shirley, British Tory politician (d. 1738) * May 30 – Prosper Anton Josef von Sinzendorf, Austrian nobleman and courtier (d. 1756) * May 31 – Stephen Bayard, 39th Mayor of New York City from 1744 to 1747 (d. 1757) * June 3 – Karen Huitfeldt, Danish courtier (d. 1778) *

– Georg Wilhelm von Driesen, lieutenant general in Frederick the Great's Prussian army and a county commission of Osterrode (Ostróda) (d. 1758) * June 10 – Ewald Georg von Kleist, German jurist (d. 1748) * June 16 – Margaret Coke, Countess of Leicester, British peer (d. 1775) * June 19 – Charles de Bourbon, Count of Charolais, Charles, Count of Charolais, French noble (d. 1760) * June 20 – Peter Faneuil, wealthy American colonial merchant (d. 1743) * June 25 – William Boys (Royal Navy officer), William Boys, Royal Navy officer who became Commander-in-Chief (d. 1774) * June 26 ** Richard Dana (lawyer), Richard Dana, prominent lawyer and politician in colonial Massachusetts (d. 1772) ** Joaquín de Montserrat, 1st Marquess of Cruillas (d. 1771)

July–September

– Charles Townshend, 3rd Viscount Townshend (d. 1764) * July 12 – Claude-Antoine de Bermen de La Martinière, Quebec-born son of Claude de Bermen de la Martinière (d. 1761) * July 20 – Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau, French physician (d. 1782) * July 29 – Peter Joseph Kofler, mayor of Vienna (d. 1764) * August 13 – Heinrich, count von Brühl, German statesman (d. 1763) * August 17 – Clemens August of Bavaria, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne (d. 1761) *

** Baji Rao I, general of the Maratha Empire in India (d. 1740) ** Lars Pinnerud, Norwegian farmer and woodcarver (d. 1762) * August 23 – Hans Caspar von Krockow, Prussian major general and commander of the Cuirassier Regiment No (d. 1759) * August 27 ** Charles Colyear, 2nd Earl of Portmore (d. 1785) ** Carl Hårleman, Swedish architect (d. 1753) * August 30 – Christian August von Eyben, German lawyer and dean of the Bishopric of Lübeck (d. 1785) *

– Claude-Nicolas Le Cat, French surgeon (d. 1768) * September 9 – Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1780) * September 11 – James Thomson (poet, born 1700), James Thomson, Scottish poet (d. 1748) * September 15 – Jean-Gilles du Coëtlosquet, French ecclesiastic (d. 1784) * September 20 ** Benedict Leonard Calvert, 15th Proprietary Governor of Maryland from 1727 through 1731 (d. 1732) ** Victor Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1765) * September 25 – Gaetano Zompini, Italian printmaker and engraver (d. 1778) * September 29 – Countess Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen (d. 1758) * September 30 – Stanisław Konarski, Polish writer (d. 1773)

October–December

* October 6 – Philip Morant (d. 1770) * October 7 – Henry Moore, 4th Earl of Drogheda (d. 1727) * October 9 – George Hazard (d. 1738) * October 10 – Lambert-Sigisbert Adam, French sculptor born in Nancy (d. 1759) * October 13 – Phanuel Bacon, English playwright (d. 1783) * October 20 – Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans (d. 1761) * October 23 – Samuel Dexter (minister), Samuel Dexter, minister from Dedham (d. 1755) * October 24 – Marten Schagen, Dutch Mennonite bookseller (d. 1770) * October 26 – Peter Jacob Horemans, Flemish painter of genre scenes (d. 1776) * October 30 – Sir Cecil Bishopp, 6th Baronet (d. 1778) * November 7 – Erdmuthe Dorothea of Reuss-Ebersdorf (d. 1756) * November 17 – Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, German nobleman (d. 1771) * November 19 – Jean-Antoine Nollet, French abbot and physicist (d. 1770) * November 21 – Charlotta Elisabeth van der Lith, politically active Governor's wife in Surinam (d. 1753) * November 24 – Johann Bernhard Bach the Younger (d. 1743) * November 28 ** Nathaniel Bliss, English astronomer (d. 1764) ** Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (d. 1770) ** Philip Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (d. 1749) * December 4 – Agnes Wilhelmine von Wuthenau, German noblewoman and the first wife of Augustus Louis (d. 1725) * December 5 – Anthony Malone, Irish lawyer and politician (d. 1776) * December 7 – George Heathcote, English merchant and philanthropist and Tory politician (d. 1768) * December 8 – Jeremias Friedrich Reuß, German theologian (d. 1777) * December 9 – Michael Ranft, Protestant Lutheran pastor (d. 1774) * December 20 – Charles-Augustin de Ferriol d'Argental (d. 1788) * December 25 – Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian general (d. 1751) * ''date unknown'' ** Franciszek Salezy Potocki, Polish magnate official (d. 1772) ** Ivan Ranger, Austrian painter (d. 1753)

Deaths

* January 7 – Raffaello Fabretti, Italian antiquary (b. 1618) * January 12 – Marguerite Bourgeoys, French people, French founder of the Congregation of Notre Dame of Montreal, in the colony of New France (b. 1620) * January 21 – Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort, English politician (b. 1629) * January 30 – Clara Elisabeth von Platen, German noblewoman (b. 1648) * February 4 – John Bramston the Younger, English lawyer and MP (b. 1611) * February 5 – Louis Maracci, Italian priest (b. 1612) *

– Aleksei Shein, Russian commander and statesman (b. 1662) * February 25 – James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas (b. 1646) * March 2 – Jankibai, Empress consort of the Maratha Empire as the first wife of Rajaram Chhatrapati (b. 1675) *

** Chhatrapati Rajaram I, Rajaram Raje Bhonsale, 3rd Maratha Emperor (b. 1670) ** Girolamo Casanata, Italian cardinal (b. 1620) * March 4 – Lorenzo Pasinelli, Italian painter (b. 1629) * March 8 – William Dunlop (principal), William Dunlop, Covenanter (b. c. 1654) * March 14 – Henry Killigrew (playwright), Henry Killigrew, English clergyman and playwright (b. 1613) * March 18 – Francesco Scannagatta, Roman Catholic prelate and Bishop of Avellino e Frigento (b. 1632) * March 26 – Heinrich Meibom (doctor), Heinrich Meibom, German physician and scholar (b. 1638) *

** Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (1623–1700), Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson, French administrator, diplomat and ambassador to Venetian Republic (b. 1623) ** Francis Winnington (Solicitor-General), Francis Winnington, Solicitor-General for England and Wales (b. 1634) *

– Angelo Italia, Sicilian architect (b. 1628) * May 12 –

, English poet and dramatist (b. 1631) * May 15 – John Hale (Beverly minister), John Hale, American witch hunter and pastor (b. 1636) * May 18 – Teofil Rutka, Polish philosopher (b. 1622) * May 23 – Jens Juel (diplomat), Jens Juel, Danish diplomat (b. 1631) * May 28 – Jan Six, important cultural figure in the Dutch Golden Age (b. 1618) * May 31 – Agostino Scilla, Italian painter and scientist (b. 1629) * June 20 – Richard Gilpin, English nonconformist minister and physician (b. 1625) * June 29 – Olov Svebilius, Swedish priest and professor (b. 1624) * July 2 ** Lambert Doomer, Dutch Golden Age landscape painter (b. 1624) ** Sir Thomas Grosvenor, 3rd Baronet, English politician (b. 1656) ** Hoshina Masakage, Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Edo period (b. 1616) * July 7 – Silvestro Valier, 109th Doge of Venice (b. 1630) * July 10 ** Pieter Gerritsz van Roestraten, Dutch Golden Age painter of still lifes and genre scenes (b. 1630) ** John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale, English politician (b. 1655) * July 19 (found dead) – Thomas Creech, English translator of classical works, headmaster of Sherborne School (b. 1659) * July 22 – Alderano Cybo, Italian Catholic Cardinal (b. 1613) *

–

, member of the English royal family (b. 1689) * August 17 – Thomas-Claude Renart de Fuchsamberg Amblimont, French naval officer, governor general of the French Antilles (b. 1642) * August 22 – Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, Mexican academic (b. 1645) * August 30 – Sir Richard Cust, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1622) * August 31 – William Savile, 2nd Marquess of Halifax, English noble and politician (b. 1665) * September 7 – William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford, English noble and politician (b. 1616) * September 15 – André Le Nôtre, French landscape gardener (b. 1613) * September 16 – Martyrs of Cajonos, Mexican Catholic converts (b. c. 1660) * September 23 – Nicolaus Adam Strungk, German composer and violinist (b. 1640) * September 27 – Pope Innocent XII, born Antonio Pignatelli (b. 1615) * September 30 – Lorenzo Trotti, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Pavia (1672–1700) (b. 1633) * October 1 – Sir Samuel Grimston, 3rd Baronet, English politician (b. 1643) * October 16 – Patriarch Adrian of Moscow, Russian Orthodox Church leader (b. 1627) * October 17 – Eligio Caracciolo, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Cosenza (1694–1700) (b. 1654) * October 23 – Anne Marie de Bourbon, daughter of the Prince of Condé and of a Bavarian princess (b. 1675) * October 27 – Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé, abbot of La Trappe Abbey, founder of the Trappists (b. 1626) * October 31 – Sir Robert Napier, 1st Baronet, of Punknoll (b. 1642) * November 1 – Charles II of Spain, King of Spain; last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire (b. 1661) * November 2 – Francis Turner (bishop), Francis Turner, English bishop (b. 1637) * November 4 – Sebastián de Pastrana, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Paraguay (1693–1700) (b. 1633) * November 11 – Sophie Angelika of Württemberg-Oels, by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt (b. 1677) * November 16 – Paul Rycaut, British diplomat (b. 1629) * November 18 – Robert Walpole (colonel), Robert Walpole, English Whig politician, soldier and member of parliament (b. 1650) * November 25 – Stephanus Van Cortlandt, first native-born mayor of New York City (b. 1643) * November 26 – Tokugawa Mitsutomo, daimyō of Owari Domain during early Edo period Japan (b. 1625) * December 5 – Mata Jito, first wife of the tenth Sikh Guru (b. 1673) * December 13 – Inoha Seihei, bureaucrat of the Ryukyu Kingdom (b. 1648) * December 15 – Juan Alfonso Valerià y Aloza, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Lérida (1699–1700) (b. 1643) * December 16 – Thomas Morgan (of Dderw), Thomas Morgan, English politician (b. 1664) * December 18 – Edward Harley (Parliamentarian), Edward Harley, English politician (b. 1624) * December 20 – Mary Bradbury, accused witch in Salem, Massachusetts (b. 1615) * ''date unknown'' ** Caius Gabriel Cibber, Danish sculptor working in England (b. 1630) ** Kamalakara, Indian astronomer and mathematician (b. 1616) ** Louis Jolliet, Canadian explorer (b. 1645)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1700 1700,