Events

January–March

January 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French ...

– A violent earthquake damages the city of Batavia on the Indonesian island of

Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...

, killing at least 28 people. *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. *1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry (bishop of Finland), Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Köyliönjärvi, Lake Köyli� ...

– The

Parliament of England The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England from the 13th century until 1707 when it was replaced by the Parliament of Great Britain. Parliament evolved from the Great Council of England, great council of Lords Spi ...

(under

Tory A Tory () is an individual who supports a political philosophy known as Toryism, based on a British version of traditionalist conservatism which upholds the established social order as it has evolved through the history of Great Britain. The To ...

dominance) limits the size of the country's standing army to 7,000 'native born' men; hence,

King William III William III (William Henry; ; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), also known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from 167 ...

's Dutch Blue Guards cannot serve in the line. By an Act of

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...

, it also requires disbandment of foreign troops in Ireland. *

January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. * 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. * 1564 – The Council of T ...

– The

Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice, officially the Most Serene Republic of Venice and traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and Maritime republics, maritime republic with its capital in Venice. Founded, according to tradition, in 697 ...

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (), was a federation, federative real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ...

and

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium ...

sign the

Treaty of Karlowitz The Treaty of Karlowitz, concluding the Great Turkish War of 1683–1699, in which the Ottoman Empire was defeated by the Holy League at the Battle of Zenta, was signed in Karlowitz, in the Military Frontier of the Habsburg Monarchy (present-day ...

with the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

, marking an end to the major phase of the

Ottoman–Habsburg wars The Ottoman–Habsburg wars were fought from the 16th to the 18th centuries between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy, which was at times supported by the Kingdom of Hungary, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Holy Roman Empire, The ...

. The treaty marks a major geopolitical shift, as the Ottoman Empire subsequently abandons its expansionism and adopts a defensive posture while the

Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm (), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities (composite monarchy) that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is ...

expands its influence. *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

– A group of 350 rebels in the Streltsy Uprising are executed in Moscow. *

March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost ...

– ''

The Edinburgh Gazette ''The Edinburgh Gazette'' is a newspaper of record (government gazette) of the Government of the United Kingdom, along with ''The London Gazette'' and '' The Belfast Gazette''. It is published by The Stationery Office (TSO), on behalf of His Maje ...

'' is first published in

Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...

. *

March 4 Events Pre-1600 * AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 581 – Yang Jian declares himself Emperor ...

– Jews are expelled from

Lübeck Lübeck (; or ; Latin: ), officially the Hanseatic League, Hanseatic City of Lübeck (), is a city in Northern Germany. With around 220,000 inhabitants, it is the second-largest city on the German Baltic Sea, Baltic coast and the second-larg ...

, Germany. *

March 26 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 624 – First Eid al-Fitr celebration. * 1021 – The death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret ...

– The first performance of ''

Amadis de Grèce ''Amadis de Grèce'' (''Amadis of Greece'') is an opera by the French composer André Cardinal Destouches, first performed at the Académie Royale de Musique (the Paris Opera) on 26 March 1699. It takes the form of a ''tragédie en musique'' in a ...

'', an opera by French composer André Cardinal Destouches, takes place at the Académie Royale de Musique, Paris. *

March 31 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. * 1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging ...

– A total solar eclipse is visible across the southern Indian Ocean.

April–June

April 13 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Henry V, King of Germany, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. * 1455 – Thirteen Years' War: ...

– The 10th

Sikh guru The Sikh gurus (Punjabi language, Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖ ਗੁਰੂ; Hindi: सिख गुरु) are the spiritual masters of Sikhism, who established the religion over the course of about two and a half centuries, beginning in 1469. The year ...

Guru Gobind Singh Guru Gobind Singh (; born Gobind Das; 22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708) was the tenth and last human Sikh gurus, Sikh Guru. He was a warrior, poet, and philosopher. In 1675, at the age of nine he was formally installed as the leader of the ...

, creates the ''

Khalsa The term ''Khalsa'' refers to both a community that follows Sikhism as its religion,Khalsa: Sikhism< ...

'' at

Anandpur Sahib Anandpur Sahib, also referred simply as Anandpur (), is a city in Rupnagar district (Ropar), on the edge of Shivalik Hills, in the Indian state of Punjab. Located near the Sutlej River, the city is one of the most sacred religious places in Si ...

. *

May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. * 1169 & ...

–

Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville (16 July 1661 – 9 July 1706) or Sieur d'Iberville was a French soldier, explorer, colonial administrator, and trader. He is noted for founding the colony of Louisiana in New France. He was born in Montreal to French ...

founds the first European settlement in the

Mississippi River The Mississippi River is the main stem, primary river of the largest drainage basin in the United States. It is the second-longest river in the United States, behind only the Missouri River, Missouri. From its traditional source of Lake Ita ...

Valley, at

Fort Maurepas Fort Maurepas, later known as Old Biloxi, "Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d'Iberville" (biography), ''Catholic Encyclopedia'', 1907, webpage: gives dates: 13 Feb. 1699, went to the mainland Biloxi, with fort completion May 1, 1699; sailed f ...

(

Ocean Springs, Mississippi Ocean Springs is a city in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States, approximately east of Biloxi, Mississippi, Biloxi and west of Gautier, Mississippi, Gautier. It is part of the Pascagoula metropolitan area. The population was 18,429 at th ...

). *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. * 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...

–

Billingsgate Fish Market Billingsgate Fish Market is the United Kingdom's largest inland fish market. It takes its name from Billingsgate, a ward in the south-east corner of the City of London, where the riverside market was originally established. In its original locati ...

in London is sanctioned as a permanent institution by an Act of Parliament, with the provision "that after the tenth of May, 1699, Billingsgate Market should be, every day in the week except Sunday, a free and open market for all sorts of fish, and that it should be lawful for any person to buy or sell any sort of fish without disturbance." *

June 11 Events Pre-1600 * 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty ( 171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...

–

England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

and the

Dutch Republic The United Provinces of the Netherlands, commonly referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation that existed from 1579 until the Batavian Revolution in 1795. It was a predecessor state of the present-day Netherlands ...

agree on the terms of the

Treaty of London (1700) The Treaty of London (1700) (, ) or Second Partition Treaty was the second attempt by Louis XIV of France and William III of England to impose a diplomatic solution to the issues that led to the 1701-1714 War of the Spanish Succession. Both divi ...

(Second Partition Treaty) for Spain. *

June 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. * 1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...

–

Thomas Savery Thomas Savery (; c. 1650 – 15 May 1715) was an English inventor and engineer. He invented the first commercially used steam-powered device, a steam pump which is often referred to as the "Savery engine". Savery's steam pump was a revolutiona ...

demonstrates his first

steam pump A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes Slurry, slurries, by mechanical action, typically converted from electrical energy into hydraulic or pneumatic energy. Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of application ...

to the

Royal Society The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, re ...

of London.

July–September

July 6 Events Pre-1600 * 371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility. * 640 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egy ...

– Scottish-born pirate captain

William Kidd William Kidd (c. 1645 – 23 May 1701), also known as Captain William Kidd or simply Captain Kidd, was a Scottish-American privateer. Conflicting accounts exist regarding his early life, but he was likely born in Dundee and later settled in N ...

is arrested and imprisoned in

Boston Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...

Province of Massachusetts Bay The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a colony in New England which became one of the thirteen original states of the United States. It was chartered on October 7, 1691, by William III and Mary II, the joint monarchs of the kingdoms of Eng ...

, after being tricked by his former patron New York Governor

Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont (1636 – 5 March 1700/01In the Julian calendar, then in use in England, the year began on 25 March. To avoid confusion with dates in the Gregorian calendar, then in use in other parts of Europe, d ...

. *

July 26 Events Pre-1600 * 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I. * 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seri ...

–

William Dampier William Dampier (baptised 5 September 1651; died March 1715) was an English explorer, pirate, privateer, navigator, and naturalist who became the first Englishman to explore parts of what is today Australia, and the first person to circumnavig ...

's expedition to

New Holland (Australia) ''New Holland'' () is a historical European name for mainland Australia, Janszoon voyage of 1605–1606, first encountered by Europeans in 1606, by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon aboard . The name was first applied to Australia in 1644 by the ...

, in HMS ''Roebuck'', reaches

Dirk Hartog Island Dirk Hartog Island is an island off the Gascoyne (Western Australia), Gascoyne coast of Western Australia, within the Shark Bay, Western Australia, Shark Bay World Heritage Area. It is about long and between wide and is Western Australia's ...

, at the mouth of what he calls

Shark Bay Shark Bay () is a World Heritage Site in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia. The area is located approximately north of Perth, on the westernmost point of the Australian continent. UNESCO's listing of Shark Bay as a World Heritage S ...

Western Australia Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...

, and he begins producing the first known detailed record of Australian flora and fauna. *

August 25 Events Pre-1600 * 766 – Emperor Constantine V humiliates nineteen high-ranking officials, after discovering a plot against him. He executes the leaders, Constantine Podopagouros and his brother Strategios. * 1248 – The Dutch cit ...

–

Christian V Christian V (15 April 1646 – 25 August 1699) was King of Denmark and Norway from 1670 until his death in 1699. Well-regarded by the common people, he was the first king anointed at Frederiksborg Castle chapel as absolute monarch since the de ...

, King of

Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway (Danish language, Danish and Norwegian language, Norwegian: ) is a term for the 16th-to-19th-century multi-national and multi-lingual real unionFeldbæk 1998:11 consisting of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway (includ ...

since

1670 Events January–March * January 17 – Raphael Levy, a Jewish resident of the city of Metz in France, is burned at the stake after being accused of the September 25 abduction and ritual murder of a child who had disappeared ...

, dies and is succeeded by his son, Frederick IV (to

1730 Events January–March * January 30 (January 19 O.S.) – At dawn, Emperor Peter II of Russia dies of smallpox, aged 14 in Moscow, on the eve of his projected marriage. * February 26 (February 15 O.S.) – Anna of Russia ( ...

). *

September 23 Events Pre-1600 * 38 – Drusilla, Caligula's sister who died in June, with whom the emperor is said to have an incestuous relationship, is deified. * 1122 – Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agree to the Concordat o ...

– A total solar eclipse is visible in the northern hemisphere across Europe, the Middle East and north India.

October–December

October 3 Events Pre-1600 * 2457 BC – Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (환웅) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day. * 52 BC – Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Julius ...

– The ''Liverpool Merchant'', the first

slave ship Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting Slavery, slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea ( ...

to depart from the

Port of Liverpool The Port of Liverpool is the enclosed dock system that runs from Brunswick Dock in Liverpool to Seaforth Dock, Seaforth, on the east side of the River Mersey and the Birkenhead Docks between Birkenhead and Wallasey on the west side of ...

, sets sail for West Africa where it embarks hundreds of African slaves and sails for

Barbados Barbados, officially the Republic of Barbados, is an island country in the Atlantic Ocean. It is part of the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies and the easternmost island of the Caribbean region. It lies on the boundary of the South American ...

, arriving there on September 18, 1700 with 220 slaves onboard. *

October 11 Events Pre-1600 *1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo; it is one of the most destructive earthquakes ever. * 1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars. *1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of En ...

– The opera ''Marthésie, première reine des Amazones'' (''Marthesia, First Queen of the Amazons''), composed by

André Cardinal Destouches André Cardinal Destouches (sometimes called des Touches) (baptised 6 April 1672 – 7 February 1749) was a French composer best known for the ''opéra-ballet'' ''Les élémens''. Biography Born in Paris, the son of Étienne Cardinal, a ...

, is performed for the first time, premiering at

Fontainebleau Fontainebleau ( , , ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Functional area (France), metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is located south-southeast of the Kilometre zero#France, centre of Paris. Fontainebleau is a Subprefectures in Franc ...

near

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

. *

October October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus , October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ''ôctō'' meaning "eight") after Januar ...

– An edict by King Louis XIV establishes an office of police magistrate in almost every village in France, with the title of ''lieutenant general de police'' created. *

November 22 Events Pre-1600 * 498 – After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Palace, while Laurentius is elected Pope in Santa Maria Maggiore. * 845 – The first duke of Brittany, Nominoe, defeats the Fran ...

– The

Treaty of Preobrazhenskoye A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by international law. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention ...

, negotiated by

Johann Patkul Johann Reinhold Patkul (27 July 1660 – 10 October 1707) was a Livonian nobleman, politician and agitator of Baltic German extraction. Born as a subject to the Swedish Crown, he protested against the manner of King Charles XI of Sweden's ...

, is signed at a palace of the Tsar of Russia

Peter the Great Peter I (, ; – ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of Russia, Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned j ...

, and representatives of

Augustus the Strong Augustus II the Strong (12 May 1670 – 1 February 1733), was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1697 to 1706 and from 1709 until his death in 1733. He belonged to the Albertine branch of the ...

Elector of Saxony The Electorate of Saxony, also known as Electoral Saxony ( or ), was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356 to 1806 initially centred on Wittenberg that came to include areas around the cities of Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz. It was a ...

King of Poland Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of Royal elections in Poland, free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electab ...

and

to provide for the partition of

Swedish Empire The Swedish Empire or the Great Power era () was the period in Swedish history spanning much of the 17th and early 18th centuries during which Sweden became a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic regi ...

between Saxony, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Kingdoms of Denmark-Norway and the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

. The attack on Sweden, which takes place on February 22, starts the

Great Northern War In the Great Northern War (1700–1721) a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern Europe, Northern, Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the ant ...

. *

December 3 Events Pre-1600 * 915 – Pope John X crowns Berengar I of Italy as Holy Roman Emperor (probable date). 1601–1900 * 1775 – American Revolution: becomes the first vessel to fly the Continental Union Flag (precursor to the " St ...

– Baron Jacob Hop is appointed as the treasurer-general of

The Hague The Hague ( ) is the capital city of the South Holland province of the Netherlands. With a population of over half a million, it is the third-largest city in the Netherlands. Situated on the west coast facing the North Sea, The Hague is the c ...

. *

December 10 Events Pre-1600 *1317 – The Nyköping Banquet: King Birger of Sweden treacherously seizes his two brothers, dukes Valdemar and Erik, who are subsequently starved to death in the dungeon of Nyköping Castle. * 1508 – The Leag ...

– A major ice storm shuts down the city of Boston for a week and freezing rain brings down many tree branches and causes severe damage to orchards. *

December 20 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69 – Antonius Primus enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor for Nero's former general Vespasian. * 1192 – Richard I of England is captured and imprisoned by Leopold V of Austria on his way home to England ...

–

orders the Russian New Year changed, from

September 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time the seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated. *1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of A ...

(the start of the Byzantine year) to

January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...

Births

January–March

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Emp ...

–

FitzRoy Henry Lee Vice-Admiral Fitzroy Henry Lee (2 January 1699 – 14 April 1750) was a British Royal Navy officer who served as Commodore Governor of the Colony of Newfoundland. Lee supposedly inspired the character "Hawser Trunnion" in Tobias Smollett's nove ...

, British officer of the Royal Navy, Commodore Governor of the Colony of Newfoundland (d.

1750 Various sources, including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, use the year 1750 as a baseline year for the end of the pre-industrial era. 1750 is commemorated as the year that started the Industrial Revolution, although the under ...

) *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. * 1038 – An earthquake in Dingxiang, China kills an estimate ...

** Christian Tobias Damm, renowned German Classical philologist (d.

1778 Events January–March * January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Sea captain, Captain James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution (1771), HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS Discovery (1774), HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu, Oʻahu th ...

) **

Robert Joseph Pothier Robert Joseph Pothier (9 January 1699 – 2 March 1772) was a French jurist. Life He was born and passed away at Orléans. He studied law to qualify for the magistracy, and was appointed Judge in 1720 of the Presidial Court of Orléans, following ...

, French jurist (d.

1772 Events January–March * January 10 – Shah Alam II, the Mughal Emperor of India, makes a triumphant return to Delhi 15 years after having been forced to flee. * January 17 – Johann Friedrich Struensee and Queen Caroli ...

) *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...

– Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix, Royal Prussian Lieutenant General (d.

1765 Events January–March * January 23 – Prince Joseph of Austria marries Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria in Vienna. * January 29 – One week before his death, Mir Jafar, who had been enthroned as the Nawab of Bengal and ...

) *

January 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. * 1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 * 1761 – The Third Battle of Panipat is fought in I ...

–

Jakob Adlung Jakob Adlung, or Adelung, (14 January 1699 – 5 July 1762) was a German organist, teacher, instrument maker, music historian, composer and music theorist. Biography He was born in Bindersleben, near Erfurt, to David Adlung, an organist and his ...

, German organist, teacher, instrument maker, music historian, composer and music theorist (d.

1762 Events January–March * January 4 – Seven Years' War: Kingdom of Great Britain, Britain declares war against Enlightenment in Spain, Spain and Kingdom of Naples, Naples, following their Treaty of Paris (1761), recent alliance ...

) *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1458 BC – Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings. * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the R ...

–

Franz Christoph Anton, Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen Franz Christoph Anton, Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (16 January 1699 in Haigerloch – 23 November 1767 in Cologne) was a member of the House of Hohenzollern. He was canon of several cathedral chapters and also first minister of the Pri ...

, member of the House of Hohenzollern (d.

1767 Events January–March * January 1 – The first annual volume of ''The Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris'', produced by British Astronomer Royal Nevil Maskelyne at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, gives navigators the ...

) *

– Thomas Hervey, politician (d.

1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement on April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's ride. The Second Continental Congress took various steps tow ...

) *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 * 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. * 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 * 1607 – An es ...

–

Infanta Francisca Josefa of Portugal Infanta Francisca Josefa Maria Xaviera(; ) (30 January 1699 – 15 July 1736) was a Portuguese ''infanta'' (princess) and the last of eight children of King Peter II of Portugal and his second wife Marie Sophie of Neuburg. Francisca Josef ...

, Portuguese princess, the last of eight children of King Peter II of Portugal (d.

1736 Events January–March * January 12 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, becomes the Second Field Marshal of Great Britain. * January 23 – The Civil Code of 1734 is passed in Sweden. * January 26 – Stanislaus I of P ...

) *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on th ...

–

Mathias Haydn Mathias Haydn (31 January 1699 – 12 September 1763) was the father of two famous composers, Joseph and Michael Haydn. He worked as a wheelwright in the Austrian village of Rohrau, where he also served as ''Marktrichter'', an office akin to villa ...

, father of two famous composers (d.

1763 Events January–March * January 27 – The seat of colonial administration in the Viceroyalty of Brazil is moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. * February 1 – The colonial authorities in the Province of North Carolin ...

) *

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of " Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: ...

– Hugh MacDonald, Roman Catholic bishop, Vicar Apostolic of the Highland District of Scotland 1731–1773 (d.

1773 Events January–March * January 1 – The hymn that becomes known as '' Amazing Grace'', at this time titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17", is first used to accompany a sermon led by curate John Newton in the town of Olney, Buck ...

) *

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno (emperor), Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire *1003 – Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I ...

–

Étienne Jeaurat Étienne Jeaurat (9 February 1699, in Vermenton – 14 December 1789, in Versailles (city), Versailles) was a French painter, above all remembered for his lively street scenes. Early life Born in Vermenton near Auxerre, Jeaurat became an orphan ...

, French painter (d.

1789 Events January–March * January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet '' What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution. * January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential election ...

) *

February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – The Siege of Baghdad ends with the surrender of the last Abbasid caliph to Hulegu Khan, a prince of the Mongol Empire. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bru ...

– George Bowman, 18th-century American pioneer (d.

1768 Events January–March * January 9 – Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses, in London. * February 11 – Samuel Adams's circular letter is issued by the Massachusetts House of Re ...

) *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 * 660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Empire, on the eve of his comin ...

Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais Bertrand-François Mahé, comte de La Bourdonnais (11 February 169910 November 1753) was a French Navy navy officer, officer and colonial administrator who was employed by the Louis XIV's East India Company, French East India Company. Biography ...

, French naval officer and colonial administrator (d.

1753 Events January–March * January 3 – King Binnya Dala of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom orders the burning of Ava, the former capital of the Kingdom of Burma. * January 29 – After a month's absence, Elizabeth Canning return ...

) ** Samuel Heathcote, British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1740 to 1747 (d.

) *

February 14 It is observed in most countries as Valentine's Day. Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution#Persian phase, Abbasid Revolution: The Kaysanites Shia#History, Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad ...

–

Odet-Joseph Giry Joseph Giry de Saint Cyr, also known as Odet-Joseph de Vaux de Giry (14 February 1699, Lyon – 13 January 1761, Versailles) was a French clergyman. His name remains associated with the "cacouacs", a mocking term for the Encyclopédistes. Biogra ...

, French clergyman (d.

1761 Events January–March * January 14 – Third Battle of Panipat: In India, the armies of the Durrani Empire from Afghanistan, led by Ahmad Shah Durrani and his coalition decisively defeat the Maratha Confederacy, killing over 1 ...

) *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Ti ...

–

Giovanni Maria Morlaiter Giovanni Maria Morlaiter (15 February 1699 – 22 February 1781) was an Italian sculptor of the Rococo or late-Baroque, active mainly in his native Venice. Biography Almost all the sculpture in the church of the Gesuati, Venice is the work of M ...

, Italian sculptor of the Rococo or late-Baroque (d.

1782 Events January–March * January 7 – The first American commercial bank (Bank of North America) opens. * January 15 – Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris (financier), Robert Morris goes before the United States Con ...

) *

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons ...

–

Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff (Hans) Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff (17 February 1699 – 16 September 1753) was a painter and architect in Prussia. Knobelsdorff was born in Kuckädel, now in Krosno Odrzańskie County. A soldier in the service of Prussia, he resigned his ...

, painter and architect in Prussia (d.

) *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. ...

–

Giuseppe Pascaletti Giuseppe Pascaletti (24 February 1699 – 30 August 1757) was an Italian People, Italian painter. He was born in Fiumefreddo Bruzio, in what is now Calabria. Pascaletti was active mostly in Rome and in the ''Province of Cosenza, Cosentino''. He be ...

, Italian painter (d.

1757 Events January–March * January 2 – Seven Years' War: The British East India Company Army, under the command of Robert Clive, captures Calcutta, India. * January 5 – Robert-François Damiens makes an unsuccessful assa ...

) *

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 ...

–

Georg Detlev von Flemming Georg Detlev von Flemming (Polish: Jerzy Detloff Fleming) (3 March 1699 – 10 December 1771) was a General in Polish-Saxon service, Grand Treasurer of Lithuania in 1746–1764 and Voivode of Pomerelia in 1766. Von Flemming was born on 3 March 1 ...

, General in Polish-Saxon service (d.

1771 Events January– March * January 5 – The Great Kalmyk (Torghut) Migration is led by Ubashi Khan, from the east bank of the Lower Volga River back to the homeland of Dzungaria, at this time under Qing dynasty rule. * January ...

) *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cobl ...

–

António Nunes Ribeiro Sanches António Nunes Ribeiro Sanches (7 March 1699 – 14 October 1783) was an 18th-century Portuguese physician, philosopher and encyclopédiste. He was a '' cristão novo'' of Jewish descent, believed to be secretly a practising Jew. He studied a ...

, 18th-century Portuguese physician (d.

1783 Events January–March * January 20 – At Versailles, Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain signs preliminary peace treaties with the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain. * January 23 – The Confederation Congress ...

) *

March 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem '' Shahnameh''. * 1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León. * 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between ...

–

Johan Friederich Wewer Johan Friederich Wewer (8 March 1699 – 9 May 1759) was a Danish merchant and ship-owner. He was a co-founder of Fabritius & Wewer and was also active in the Danish West India Company, Danish Asia Company, Danish Africa Company and the Royal Gre ...

, Danish merchant and ship-owner (d.

1759 In Great Britain, this year was known as the ''Annus Mirabilis'', because of British victories in the Seven Years' War. Events January–March * January 6 – George Washington marries Martha Dandridge Custis. * January 11 & ...

) *

March 13 Events Pre-1600 * 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander. * 624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Mu ...

–

Jacob Faggot Jacob Faggot (13 March 1699 – 28 February 1777)Scobbie, Irene (2010). ''The A to Z of Sweden.'' Rowman & Littlefield, was a Swedish scientist, civil servant, and surveyor. Life and career Faggot was educated at Uppsala University and later ...

, Swedish scientist, civil servant and surveyor (d.

1777 Events January–March * January 2 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of the Assunpink Creek: American general George Washington's army repulses a British attack by Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, in a second ...

) *

March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ...

** Radu Cantacuzino, 18th-century Romanian prince (d.

) **

Charles O'Brien, 6th Viscount Clare Charles O'Brien, (17 March 16999 September 1761), titular 6th Viscount Clare and later titular 8th Earl of Thomond, was an Irish military officer in French service (he was made a Marshal of France), known to posterity as the Maréchal de Thomond ...

, Irish military officer in French service (d.

) *

March 23 Events Pre-1600 * 1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. * 1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the las ...

–

John Bartram John Bartram (June 3, 1699 – September 22, 1777) was an American botanist, horticulturist, and explorer, based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for most of his career. Swedish botanist and taxonomist Carl Linnaeus said he was the "greatest natu ...

, American botanist (d.

) *

March 24 Events Pre-1600 *1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6. * 1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian- Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margat ...

** David Renaud Boullier, Dutch Huguenot theologian (d.

) ** Paul Gottlieb Werlhof, German physician and poet who was a native of Helmstedt (d.

) *

March 25 Until 1752 it was the official date of the beginning of the year in England and its dominions (in the Julian calendar). Events Pre-1600 * 410 – The Southern Yan capital of Guanggu falls to the Jin dynasty general Liu Yu, ending th ...

** James Calthorpe, Yeoman of the Removing Wardrobe (d.

1784 Events January–March * January 6 – Treaty of Constantinople: The Ottoman Empire agrees to Russia's annexation of the Crimea. * January 14 – The Congress of the United States ratifies the Treaty of Paris with Great Brit ...

) **

Johann Adolph Hasse Johann Adolph Hasse (baptised 25 March 1699 – 16 December 1783) was an 18th-century German composer, singer and teacher of music. Immensely popular in his time, Hasse was best known for his prolific operatic output, though he also composed a co ...

, German composer (d.

) *

– Hubert-François Gravelot, French engraver (d.

) *

March 30 Events Pre-1600 * 598 – Avar–Byzantine wars: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic army is decimated by the plague. * 1282 ...

– Edward Stradling, Welsh politician (d.

1726 Events January–March * January 23 – (January 12 Old Style) The Conventicle Act (''Konventikelplakatet'') is adopted in Sweden, outlawing all non-Lutheran religious meetings outside of church services. * January 26 – T ...

) *

– Françoise-Louise de Warens, benefactress and mistress of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (d.

)

April–June

April 3 Events Pre-1600 * 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul. * 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. * 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created. ...

–

Jean-Baptiste Forqueray __NOTOC__ Jean-Baptiste Forqueray (3 April 1699 – 28 June 1782), the son of Antoine Forqueray, was a player of the viol and a composer. Forqueray was born in Paris. He is most famous today for his 1747 publication of twenty-nine pieces for ...

, player of the viol and a composer (d.

) *

April 10 Events Pre-1600 * 428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople. * 837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles). * 140 ...

– Catharina Sperling-Heckel, German miniature painter (d.

1741 Events January–March * January 13 ** Lanesborough, Massachusetts is created as a township. ** Conventicle Act of 1741 is introduced in Denmark-Norway. *February 13 – Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister of Great Britain ...

) *

– Alexander Ross, Scottish poet (d.

) *

April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor ...

–

Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (14 April 1699 – 10 March 1772), was a duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. Biography He was born in Gotha, the eldest son of Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Magdalene Augusta of Anhalt-Zer ...

(d.

) *

April 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. * 1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of H ...

– Robert Blair, Scottish poet and cleric (d.

1746 Events January–March * January 8 – The Young Pretender Charles Edward Stuart occupies Stirling, Scotland. * January 17 – Battle of Falkirk Muir: British Government forces are defeated by Jacobite forces. * February ...

) *

April 19 Events Pre-1600 *AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Pisonian conspiracy, Piso's plot to kill the Roman emperor, Emperor Nero and all of the List of conspiracies (political), conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callini ...

–

Valentin Metzinger Jean-Valentin Metzinger (19 April 1699, Saint-Avold – 12 March 1759, Ljubljana) was a French-born Austrian-Slovenian painter, in the Baroque style. Life and work His ancestors were originally from Italy. He was one of twelve children born t ...

, French-born Austrian-Slovenian painter (d.

) *

April 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. 1601–1900 * 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament. * 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...

–

Sir Thomas Lowther, 2nd Baronet Sir Thomas Lowther, 2nd Baronet (20 April 1699 – 23 March 1745) was an English landowner, dwelling at Marske Hall, Yorkshire. He was the only son of Sir William Lowther, 1st Baronet and Catherine Preston. On 2 July 1723, he married Lady Eliz ...

, English landowner (d.

1745 Events January–March * January 7 – War of the Austrian Succession: The Austrian Army, under the command of Field Marshal Károly József Batthyány, makes a surprise attack at Amberg and the winter quarters of the Bav ...

) *

April 25 Events Pre-1600 * 404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against th ...

– Johann Gottlieb Siegel, German legal scholar (d.

1755 Events January–March * January 23 (O. S. January 12, Tatiana Day, nowadays celebrated on January 25) – Moscow University is established. * February 13 – Treaty of Giyanti: The kingdom of Mataram on Java is divided in ...

) *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the '' ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes ...

Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg PC ( 1627 – ; 31 December 1700) was an English peer. He supported the Parliamentary cause during the English Civil War, becoming closely associated with Oliver Cromwell and marrying Cromwell's third daugh ...

, British peer (d.

1774 Events January–March * January 21 – Mustafa III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies and is succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid I. * January 27 ** An angry crowd in Boston, Massachusetts seizes, tars, and feathers British customs ...

) **

Jacopo Stellini Jacopo Stellini (27 April 1699 – 27 March 1770) was an Italian abbot, polymath writer and philosopher. Biography Born in Cividale del Friuli to a family of modest means; his father was a tailor. Stellini was first educated by the Somaschi or ...

, Italian abbot (d.

1770 Events January– March * January 1 – The foundation of Fort George, Bombay is laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the former Dongri Fort. * February 1 – Thomas Jefferson's home at Shadwell, Vi ...

) ** Albert Wolfgang, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe, ruler of the County of Schaumburg-Lippe (d.

1748 Events January–March * January 12 – Ahmad Shah Durrani captures Lahore. * January 27 – A fire at the prison and barracks at Kinsale, in Ireland, kills 54 of the prisoners of war housed there. An estimated 500 priso ...

) *

April 28 Events Pre-1600 * 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V, effectively ending the Parthian Empire. * 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victor ...

– Joseph Spence, historian (d.

) *

May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first royal charter. * 1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and impris ...

– Daniel Betts Jr., member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from Norwalk (d.

) *

May 13 Events Pre-1600 * 1344 – A Latin Christian fleet defeats a Turkish fleet in the battle of Pallene during the Smyrniote crusades. *1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, v ...

–

Marquis of Pombal A marquess (; ) is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German-language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave). A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife (or widow) ...

, Prime Minister of Portugal (d.

) *

May 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1027 – Robert II of France Robert II ( 972 – 20 July 1031), called the Pious () or the Wise (), was List of French monarchs, King of the Franks from 996 to 1031, the second from the Capetian dynasty. Crowned Juni ...

Ryk Tulbagh Ryk Tulbagh (14 May 1699, Utrecht – 11 August 1771, Cape Town) was Governor of the Dutch Cape Colony from 27 February 1751 to 11 August 1771 under the Dutch East India Company (VOC). Tulbagh was the son of Dirk Tulbagh and Catharina Catte ...

, Governor of the Dutch Cape Colony (d.

) ** Hans Joachim von Zieten, Prussian field marshal (d.

1786 Events January–March * January 3 – The third Treaty of Hopewell is signed between the United States and the Choctaw. * January 6 – The outward bound East Indiaman '' Halsewell'' is wrecked on the south coast of Englan ...

) *

May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurpe ...

– Sampson Lloyd, English iron manufacturer and banker, who co-founded Lloyds Bank (d.

1779 Events January–March * January 11 ** British troops surrender to the Marathas in Wadgaon, India, and are forced to return all territories acquired since 1773. * January 22 – American Revolutionary War – Claudius Smi ...

) *

May 23 Events Pre-1600 * 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction. * 1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy. *1533 – The marriage of King Henry ...

– William Parks, 18th-century printer and journalist in England and Colonial America (d.

) *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus ...

– Adam Ignacy Komorowski, Polish Roman Catholic archbishop (d.

) *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. * 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes ...

Pattee Byng, 2nd Viscount Torrington Captain Pattee Byng, 2nd Viscount Torrington, (25 May 1699 – 23 January 1747), was a British Army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1723 to 1733 when he succeeded to the peerage as Viscount Torrington. His career in ...

, British Army officer and politician (d.

1747 Events January–March * January 31 – The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Lock Hospital. * February 11 – King George's War: A combined French and Indian force, commanded by Captain Nicolas Antoine II ...

) ** Anna Leszczyńska, eldest child of Stanisław Leszczyński and Catherine Opalińska (d.

1717 Events January–March * January 1 – Count Carl Gyllenborg, the Swedish ambassador to the Kingdom of Great Britain, is arrested in London over a plot to assist the Pretender to the British throne, James Francis Edward Stuart. * J ...

) *

May 26 Events Pre-1600 * 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe. * 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire ta ...

–

Nikita Trubetskoy Prince Nikita Yurievich Trubetskoy (Russian language, Russian: ''Никита Юрьевич Трубецкой'') (26 May 1699 – 16 October 1767) was a Russian politician, statesman and Field Marshal (1756), Political minister, minister of def ...

, Russian statesman, Field Marshal, minister of defense of Russia (d.

) *

May 28 Events Pre-1600 * 585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from ...

–

Laurent Cars Laurent Cars (28 May 1699 – 14 April 1771) was a French designer and engraving, engraver. He was born at Lyon, the son of Jean-François Cars, who took him when quite young to Paris, where it was not long before he distinguished himself. In 173 ...

, French designer and engraver (d.

) *

May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops unde ...

–

Pierre Rémond de Sainte-Albine Pierre is a masculine given name. It is a French form of the name Peter. Pierre originally meant "rock" or "stone" in French (derived from the Greek word πέτρος (''petros'') meaning "stone, rock", via Latin "petra"). It is a translation ...

, 18th-century French historian and playwright (d.

) *

May 31 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome. * 1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by th ...

–

Alexander Cruden Alexander Cruden (31 May 16991 November 1770) was the Scottish author of an early Bible concordance, a proofreader and publisher, and self-styled Corrector of the nation's morals. Early life and career Alexander Cruden was born in Aberdeen in ...

, Scottish author of an early concordance to the Bible (d.

) *

June 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1411 – King Charles VI grants a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries. *1525 – 1525 Bayham Abbey riot; Villagers from Kent and ...

– William Moore, Banbury MP (d.

) *

June 6 Events Pre-1600 * 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointe ...

** Johann Georg Estor, German theorist of public law (d.

) **

Alamgir II Mirza Aziz-ud-Din Muhammad (June 6, 1699 – November 29, 1759), better known by his regnal name Alamgir II, was the fifteenth Mughal Empire, Mughal emperor from 1754 to 1759. He was the son of Jahandar Shah. Born Mirza Aziz-ud-Din, the secon ...

, the fifteenth Mughal Emperor of India (d.

) *

June 17 Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. *1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were burn ...

–

François-Alexandre Aubert de La Chesnaye Des Bois François Alexandre Aubert de La Chenaye-Desbois (17 June 1699 – 29 February 1783)

, French writer, genealogist and compiler (d.

) *

June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. * 1180 – First Battle of Uji, startin ...

– William Gustav of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince of the House of Ascania, heir to the principality of Anhalt-Dessau (d.

1737 Events January–March * January 5 – Spain and the Holy Roman Empire sign instruments of cession at Pontremoli in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in Italy, with the Empire receiving control of Tuscany and the Grand Duchy of Parm ...

) * June 26 – Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin, French salon holder (d.

)

July–September

* July 14 ** Vere Beauclerk, 1st Baron Vere, Royal Navy officer, British peer and MP (d. 1781) ** Philipp Ludwig von Sinzendorf, Austrian cardinal of the Catholic Church (d.

) * July 15 ** Richard Crowle, Yorkshire lawyer and a Member of Parliament for Kingston upon Hull (d.

) ** Henrietta Knight, Lady Luxborough, English poet and letter writer, now mainly remembered as a gardener (d. 1756) * July 18 – Barthélemy Hus-Desforges, 18th-century French comedian and troupe leader (d.

) * July 21 – Heinrich XXIX, Count of Reuss-Ebersdorf, member of the House of Reuss Younger Line, Count Ebersdorf from 1711 until his death (d.

) * July 25 – Charles Beckingham, English poet and dramatist (d. 1731) * July 28 ** John Coutts (merchant), John Coutts, British merchant and banker who became Lord Provost of Edinburgh in 1742 (d.

) ** Princess Amalia d'Este (d.

) * August 5 – Ferdinand Maria Innocenz of Bavaria, Bavarian prince and an Imperial Field marshal (d. 1738) * August 10 – Christoph Gottlieb Schröter, German composer and organist (d.

) *

– Charles Étienne Louis Camus, French mathematician and mechanician born at Crécy-en-Brie (d.

) * August 29 – Mastani, daughter of Chhatrasal and Ruhani Bai Begum (d. 1740) * August 30 – James Wemyss, 5th Earl of Wemyss, son of David Wemyss (d. 1756) *

– George Benson (theologian), George Benson, English Presbyterian pastor and theologian (d.

) * September 2 – Elizabeth Younger, actress and dancer (d.

) * September 11 – Anna Maria of Liechtenstein, princess consort of Liechtenstein (d.

) * September 12 – John Martyn (botanist), John Martyn, English botanist (d.

) * September 28 – Johann Friedrich Ruhe, German composer (d. 1776) * September 29 – Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore, British nobleman and Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland (d. 1751)

October–December

* October 2 – Ferdinande Henriette, Countess of Stolberg-Gedern (d.

) * October 4 – Vieira Lusitano, Portuguese court painter (d.

) * October 10 – William Prentis, merchant in Williamsburg, Virginia (d.

) * October 13 – Jeanne Quinault, French actress and playwright (d.

) * October 21 – Hans Christoph Friedrich Graf von Hacke, Prussian General and Commandant of Berlin (d. 1754) * October 23 – John Verney (judge), John Verney, British barrister, judge, Tory and then Whig politician and MP (d.

) * October 27 – Thomas Fonnereau, British merchant and politician (d.

) * November 2 – Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, French painter (d.

) * November 5 – Merrik Burrell, British politician (d. 1787) * November 8 – Sir Erasmus Philipps, 5th Baronet (d. 1743) * November 9 – Sir Robert Kemp, 4th Baronet, British landowner, Tory politician and MP (d. 1752) * November 11 ** Ferdinando Fuga, Italian architect (d.

) ** Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah of Johor, 12th Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Johor and Pahang and their dependencies who reigned from 1722 to 1760 (d. 1760) ** Natalia Lopukhina, Russian noble (d.

) * November 18 – Gerrit Braamcamp, successful Roman Catholic distiller (d.

) * November 20 – Antun Kanižlić, Croatian Jesuit and poet (d.

) *

– François de Chennevières, French poet and librettist (d.

) * November 25 – Pierre Subleyras, French painter (d. 1749) * November 30 – King Christian VI of Denmark (d.

) * December 2 – John White (1699–1769), John White, English politician who sat in the House of Commons (d. 1769) * December 11 – Sarah Chapone, English legal theorist, pamphleteer, and prolific letter writer (d. 1764) * December 17 – Charles-Louis Mion, French composer (d.

) * December 19 – William Bowyer (printer), William Bowyer, English printer (d.

) * December 29 – Friedrich Ludwig Abresch, Dutch philologist of German origins (d.

)

Deaths

Hans Rosing - Norsk portrettarkiv - Riksantikvaren - R000243

January–March

* January 3 – Mattia Preti, Italian Baroque artist who worked in Italy and Malta (b. 1613) *

– Federico Caccia, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (b. 1635) * January 21 – Obadiah Walker, English writer (b. 1616) * January 23 – Kinoshita Jun'an, Japanese philosopher and Confucian scholar (b. 1621) * January 27 – Sir William Temple, 1st Baronet, English statesman and essayist (b. 1628) *

** Thomas Chicheley, English politician (b. 1614) ** Manuel Fernández de Santa Cruz, Spanish religious writer, Catholic prelate and bishop (b. 1637) ** Countess Charlotte Johanna of Waldeck-Wildungen, daughter of Count Josias II (b. 1664) * February 6 – Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria, son of Maximilian II Emanuel (b. 1692) * February 18 – Giovanni Giacomo Cavallerini, Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1639) * February 20 – Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer, Franco-Flemish painter who specialised in flower pieces (b. 1636) * February 25 – Lambert Darchis, arts patron from Liège (b. 1625) * March 12 ** Peder Griffenfeld, Danish statesman (b. 1635) ** Matsudaira Tsunamasa (b. 1661) *

– Serafina of God, founder of seven Carmelite monasteries of nuns in southern Italy (b. 1621) * March 20 ** Charles Montecatini, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Titular Archbishop of ''Chalcedon'' (1690–1699) (b. 1615) ** Erhard Weigel, German mathematician, astronomer and philosopher (b. 1625) * March 22 – William Chaloner (b. 1650) * March 27 – Edward Stillingfleet, British theologian and scholar (b. 1635)

April–June

* April 1 – Peter Pett (lawyer), Peter Pett, English lawyer and author (b. 1630) * April 7 – Simon Ford (divine), Simon Ford, English divine (b. 1619) *

– Hans Rosing, Norwegian clergyman (b. 1625) *

– Jacques-Nompar II de Caumont, duc de La Force, French nobleman and peer (b. 1632) * April 21 – Jean Racine, French classic dramatist (b. 1639) * April 22 ** Hans Erasmus Aßmann, Freiherr von Abschatz, German statesman and poet (b. 1646) ** François-Marie Renaud d'Avène des Meloizes (b. 1655) * May 12 – Lucas Achtschellinck, Flemish painter (b. 1626) *

– Sir Edward Petre, 3rd Baronet, English Jesuit, privy councillor (b. 1631) * May 16 – Christine Charlotte of Württemberg, princess consort of East Frisia by marriage to George Christian (b. 1645) * May 22 – James Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon, English nobleman (b. 1653) *

– Bussy Mansell (1623–1699), Bussy Mansell, Welsh Member of the English Parliament (b. 1623) * June 1 – George II, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard, (1662–1699) (b. 1626) * June 2 – Henry Frederick, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, youngest child of Count Philip Ernest (b. 1625) * June 13 – Juan Tomás de Rocaberti, Catalan theologian (b. 1627) * June 16 – Constantin Marselis, Danish baron (b. 1647) * June 22 ** Josiah Child, English Governor of the East India Company (b. 1630) ** Fernando de Meneses, 2nd Count of Ericeira, Portuguese nobleman and military man (b. 1614)

July–September

* July 1 ** Lodewijck Huygens, Dutch diplomat (b. 1631) ** Tokugawa Tsunanari, Japanese daimyō (b. 1652) * July 2 – Hortense Mancini, favourite Italian niece of Cardinal Mazarin (b. 1646) * July 3 – Johann Just Winckelmann, German writer and historian (b. 1620) * July 10 – Pier Martire Armani, Italian painter (b. 1613) * July 19 – Giovanni Delfino (cardinal), Giovanni Delfino, cardinal (b. 1617) * August 4 – Maria Sophia of Neuburg, Queen consort of Portugal (b. 1666) * August 6 – Albert V, Duke of Saxe-Coburg, duke of Saxe-Coburg (b. 1648) * August 11 – Friedrich von Canitz, German poet and diplomat (b. 1654) * August 13 – Marco d'Aviano, Italian Capuchin friar (b. 1631) * August 19 – José Saenz d'Aguirre, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1630) * August 24 – Lucrezia Barberini, Italian noblewoman and (b. 1628) *

– Christian V of Denmark, King of Denmark and Norway (b. 1646) * August 28 – Joseph Barret, English businessman and theological writer (b. 1665) * September 8 – Gottfried Wilhelm Sacer, German jurist (b. 1635) * September 13 – James Fraser of Brea, Covenanter (b. 1639) * September 17 – Augustus, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön-Norburg (b. 1635) * September 26 – Simon Arnauld, Marquis de Pomponne, Simon Arnauld de Pomponne, French diplomat and minister (b. 1618)

October–December

– Edward Ayscough (died 1699), Edward Ayscough, English politician (b. 1650) * October 4 – George Evelyn (1617–1699), George Evelyn, English politician (b. 1617) * October 8 – Mary Beale, English portrait painter (b. 1633) * November 2 – Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 2nd Earl of Shaftesbury, English politician (b. 1652) * November 15 – Kosa Pan, Siamese diplomat and minister who led the second Siamese embassy to France sent by King Narai in 1686 (b. 1633) * November 23 – Joseph Beaumont, British academic and poet (b. 1616) * November 28 – Mary Allerton, Dutch settler of Plymouth Colony in what is now Massachusetts (b. 1616) * November 29 – Patrick Gordon, general and rear admiral in Russia (b. 1635) * December 7 – Sigmund von Erlach, Swiss politician (b. 1614) * December 17 – John Francis Desideratus, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, (1652–1699) (b. 1627) * December 22 – Michelangelo Mattei, Roman Catholic prelate, Titular Patriarch of Antioch, Titular Archbishop of ''Hadrianopolis in Haemimonto'' (b. 1628) * December 31 – Giulio Dalla Rosa, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Borgo San Donnino (1698–1699) (b. 1642)

Date unknown

* Henry Every, English pirate (b. 1659)

References

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