Events

January–March

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...

– Workers in a sandpit in the

Dauphiné The Dauphiné ( , , ; or ; or ), formerly known in English as Dauphiny, is a former province in southeastern France, whose area roughly corresponded to that of the present departments of Isère, Drôme and Hautes-Alpes. The Dauphiné was ...

region of

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

discover the skeleton of what is alleged to be a 30-foot tall man (the remains, it is supposed, of the giant Teutobochus, a legendary Gallic king who fought the Romans). *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. *1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry (bishop of Finland), Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Köyliönjärvi, Lake Köyli� ...

– King

James I of England James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 unti ...

successfully mediates the

Treaty of Knäred The Treaty of Knäred (, ) was signed on 21 January 1613 and ended the Kalmar War (1611–1613) between Denmark-Norway and Sweden. The peace negotiations came about under an English initiative. The peace was guaranteed by King James I of Engla ...

between

Denmark Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...

and

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...

. *

February 14 It is observed in most countries as Valentine's Day. Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution#Persian phase, Abbasid Revolution: The Kaysanites Shia#History, Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad ...

–

Elizabeth Elizabeth or Elisabeth may refer to: People * Elizabeth (given name), a female given name (including people with that name) * Empress Elisabeth (disambiguation), lists various empresses named ''Elisabeth'' or ''Elizabeth'' * Princess Elizabeth ...

, daughter of King

, marries

Frederick V, Elector Palatine Frederick may refer to: People * Frederick (given name), the name Given name Nobility = Anhalt-Harzgerode = * Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode (1613–1670) = Austria = * Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg), Duke of Austria fro ...

. *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. ...

– King Anaukpetlun of Burma blockades the

Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

port at Syriam with 80 warships and 3,000 men, then sets about to tunnel into the city. *

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 ...

(February 21 O.S.) – An assembly of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

elects

Mikhail Romanov Michael I (; ) was Tsar of all Russia from 1613 after being elected by the Zemsky Sobor of 1613 until his death in 1645. He was elected by the Zemsky Sobor and was the first tsar of the House of Romanov, which succeeded the House of Rurik. ...

Tsar Tsar (; also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar''; ; ; sr-Cyrl-Latn, цар, car) is a title historically used by Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word '' caesar'', which was intended to mean ''emperor'' in the Euro ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

, ending the

Time of Troubles The Time of Troubles (), also known as Smuta (), was a period of political crisis in Tsardom of Russia, Russia which began in 1598 with the death of Feodor I of Russia, Feodor I, the last of the Rurikids, House of Rurik, and ended in 1613 wit ...

. The

House of Romanov The House of Romanov (also transliterated as Romanoff; , ) was the reigning dynasty, imperial house of Russia from 1613 to 1917. They achieved prominence after Anastasia Romanovna married Ivan the Terrible, the first crowned tsar of all Russi ...

will remain a ruling dynasty until

1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...

. *

March 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. * 1329 – Pope John XXII ...

– The first English child is born in

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

Cuper's Cove Cuper's Cove, on the southwest shore of Conception Bay on Newfoundland's Avalon Peninsula was an early English settlement in the New World, and the third one after Harbour Grace, Newfoundland (1583) and Jamestown, Virginia (1607) to endure for ...

Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region of Labrador, having a total size of . As of 2025 the population ...

Nicholas Guy Nicholas Guy (fl. 1612 – 1631) was one of the first settlers at the London and Bristol Company's Cuper's Cove, colony in Newfoundland, and was the father of the first English child born in Newfoundland and subsequently all of the country ...

. *

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of Venice. * 1461 – Battle of Towton: Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Edward IV of England, bringing a ...

**Explorer

Samuel de Champlain Samuel de Champlain (; 13 August 1574#Fichier]For a detailed analysis of his baptismal record, see #Ritch, RitchThe baptism act does not contain information about the age of Samuel, neither his birth date nor his place of birth. – 25 December ...

becomes the first unofficial Governor of

New France New France (, ) was the territory colonized by Kingdom of France, France in North America, beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Kingdom of Great Br ...

in Canada. **Burmese soldiers, tunneling under the walls of the Portuguese colonial fortress at

Syriam Thanlyin (; or ; , ; formerly Syriam) is a major port city of Myanmar, located across Bago River from the city of Yangon. Thanlyin comprises 17 quarters. It surrounding Thanlyin Township is home to the largest port in the country, Thilawa port, ...

(now Thanlyin), bring down a section of the walls and sack the city. Portuguese Governor

Filipe de Brito e Nicote Filipe de Brito e Nicote or Burmese honorifics, Nga Zinga (, ; c. 1566 – April 1613) was a Portuguese people, Portuguese adventurer and mercenary in the service of the Rakhine people, Arakanese kingdom of Mrauk U, and later of the Thai people, ...

and rebel Burmese General

Natshinnaung Natshinnaung (, ; 1579–1613) was a Toungoo prince who was a noted poet and an accomplished musician, as well as an able military commander. He later became a rebellious ruler of Toungoo, and went over to ally himself with Portuguese at Tha ...

are captured, and executed by impalement on April 9.

April–June

April 13 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Henry V, King of Germany, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. * 1455 – Thirteen Years' War: ...

–

Samuel Argall Sir Samuel Argall ( or 1580 – ) was an English sea captain, navigator, and Deputy-Governour of Virginia, an English colony. As a sea captain, in 1609, Argall was the first to determine a shorter northern route from England across the Atlan ...

captures Algonquian princess

Pocahontas Pocahontas (, ; born Amonute, also known as Matoaka and Rebecca Rolfe; 1596 – March 1617) was a Native American woman belonging to the Powhatan people, notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. S ...

Passapatanzy, Virginia Passapatanzy is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in King George County, Virginia, United States. The population as of the 2010 census was 1,283. History It was recorded as a Patawomeck village ruled by ''Japazaws,' ...

, to ransom her for some English prisoners held by her father,

Chief Powhatan Powhatan (), whose proper name was Wahunsenacawh (alternately spelled Wahunsenacah, Wahunsunacock, or Wahunsonacock), was the leader of the Powhatan, an alliance of Algonquian-speaking Native Americans living in Tsenacommacah, in the Tidewat ...

. She is brought to

Henricus The "Citie of Henricus"—also known as Henricopolis, Henrico Town or Henrico—was a settlement in Virginia founded by Sir Thomas Dale in 1611 as an alternative to the swampy and dangerous area around the original English settlement at James ...

as a hostage. *

May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the ...

–

arrives in

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

to begin his reign as Tsar of Russia, after having been elected on March 3. *

May 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1027 – Robert II of France Robert II ( 972 – 20 July 1031), called the Pious () or the Wise (), was List of French monarchs, King of the Franks from 996 to 1031, the second from the Capetian dynasty. Crowned Juni ...

**The city of Hanthawaddy (now Bago) is restored as the capital of Burma by King Anaukpetlun, who relocates the government from

Ava Ava or AVA may refer to: Places Asia and Oceania * Ava Kingdom, in upper Burma from 1364 to 1555 ** Inwa, formerly Ava, the capital of Ava Kingdom ** Earl of Ava, a British colonial earldom in Burma * Ava, Iran, Gilan Province, a village * Iva ...

(now Inwa). **The ruler of the principality of

Martaban Mottama (, ; Muttama , ; formerly Martaban) is a town in the Thaton District of Mon State, Myanmar. Located on the west bank of the Thanlwin river (Salween), on the opposite side of Mawlamyaing, Mottama was the capital of the Martaban Kingdo ...

, Binnya Dala, surrenders to the armies of King Anaukpetlun of Burma. *

May 23 Events Pre-1600 * 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction. * 1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy. *1533 – The marriage of King Henry ...

– War of the Montferrat Succession: The defenders of the Italian city of

Nizza Monferrato Nizza Monferrato () is a (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about southeast of Turin and about southeast of Asti. Nizza Monferrato borders the following municipalities: Calamandrana, Castel Bogli ...

successfully resist a nine-day siege by the troops of

Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy Charles Emmanuel I (; 12 January 1562 – 26 July 1630), known as the Great, was the Duke of Savoy and ruler of the Savoyard states from 30 August 1580 until his death almost 50 years later in 1630, he was the longest-reigning Savoyard monarch ...

. *

May 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. * 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. * 1153 &nda ...

– After getting an official proclamation that he is the French Governor of

, explorer

begins exploration of the area westward from

Quebec Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...

, traveling along the

Ottawa River The Ottawa River (, ) is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It is named after the Algonquin word "to trade", as it was the major trade route of Eastern Canada at the time. For most of its length, it defines the border betw ...

. *

June 28 Events Pre-1600 *1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha, Kerbogha of Mosul at the Battle of Antioch (1098), battle of Antioch. *1360 – Muhammed VI, Sultan of Granada, Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid dynasty, Nas ...

(July 8 N.S.) – From Jamestown,

John Rolfe John Rolfe ( – March 1622) was an English explorer, farmer and merchant. He is best known for being the husband of Pocahontas and the first settler in the colony of Virginia to successfully cultivate a tobacco crop for export. He played a ...

makes the first shipment to England of

tobacco Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus '' Nicotiana'' of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the ...

grown in Virginia, dispatching it on the ship ''The Elizabeth''. Alexander Brown, ''The Genesis of the United States: A Narrative of the Movement in England, 1605-1616, which Resulted in the Plantation of North America by Englishmen'' (Houghton Mifflin, 1897) p. 639 The tobacco arrives in England after a voyage of three weeks. *

June 29 Events Pre-1600 * 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of Wei. * 1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi. * 1170 – A major earthquake hits Syria, badly damagi ...

– Fire destroys

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

's famed

Globe Theatre The Globe Theatre was a Theater (structure), theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 at Southwark, close to the south bank of the Thames, by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men. It was ...

, during a performance of Shakespeare's ''Henry VIII''.

July–September

July 20 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots. * 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defe ...

(July 30 N.S.) – The first American-grown tobacco, produced in the British colony of Virginia, arrives in England after being dispatched 22 days earlier by John Rolfe. *

July 26 Events Pre-1600 * 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I. * 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seri ...

– Diego Marín de Negron, the Spanish Governor of Rio de la Plata y Paraguay, is assassinated by poisoning at his palace in

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, controlled by the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southwest of the Río de la Plata. Buenos Aires is classified as an Alpha− glob ...

.C. Antonio Zinny, ''History of the governors of the Argentine provinces from 1810 to the present'' (Editoriales Huemul, 1941) p.105 *

July 28 Events Pre-1600 *1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. *1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard. *1571 – La Laguna encomienda, known t ...

– Gregor Richter, the chief pastor of

Görlitz Görlitz (; ; ; ; ; Lusatian dialects, East Lusatian: , , ) is a town in the Germany, German state of Saxony. It is on the river Lusatian Neisse and is the largest town in Upper Lusatia, the second-largest town in the region of Lusatia after ...

, denounces

Jacob Boehme Jacob, later known as Israel, is a Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions. He first appears in the Torah, where he is described in the Book of Genesis as a son of Isaac and Rebecca. Accordingly, alongside his older fraternal twin brother E ...

as a heretic, in his Sunday sermon. *

August 29 Events Pre-1600 * 708 – Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708). * 870 – The city of Melite surrenders to an Aghlabid army following a siege, putting an end to Byzanti ...

– The

Sicilians Sicilians () are a European ethnographic group who are indigenous to Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean, as well as the largest and most populous of the autonomous regions of Italy. History The Sicilian people are indigenous to ...

under de Aragon defeat the trade fleet of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

, ending the Battle of Cape Corvo. *

September 29 Events Pre-1600 * 61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday. * 1011 – Danes capture Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah ...

– The New River is opened, to supply

with drinking water from

Hertfordshire Hertfordshire ( or ; often abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial county in the East of England and one of the home counties. It borders Bedfordshire to the north-west, Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Essex to the east, Greater London to the ...

October–December

October 21 Events Pre-1600 *1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade at the Battle of Civetot. * 1097 – First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toul ...

–

Gabriel Bathory In the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam), Gabriel ( ) is an archangel with the power to announce God's will to mankind, as the messenger of God. He is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament and the Quran. Many Chris ...

, ruler of the Principality of Transylvania, is removed from office by vote of the nobles meeting at

Gyulafehérvár Alba Iulia (; or ''Carlsburg'', formerly ''Weißenburg''; ; ) is a city that serves as the seat of Alba County in the west-central part of Romania. Located on the river Mureș in the historical region of Transylvania, it has a population of ...

(now Alba Iulia in Romania). Bathory refuses to vacate the palace at the Transylvanian capital at

Várad Várad is a village in Baranya county, Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the e ...

, (now Oradea in Romania), and is murdered on October 27. *

October 23 Events Pre-1600 * 4004 BC – James Ussher's purported creation date of the world according to the Bible. * 42 BC – Liberators' civil war: Mark Antony and Octavian decisively defeat an army under Brutus in the second part of the B ...

–

Gabriel Bethlen Gabriel Bethlen (; 1580 – 15 November 1629) was Prince of Transylvania from 1613 to 1629 and Duke of Opole from 1622 to 1625. He was also King-elect of Hungary from 1620 to 1621, but he never took control of the whole kingdom. Bethlen, sup ...

is elected as the new Prince of Transylvania. *

October 28 Events Pre-1600 * 97 – Roman emperor Nerva is forced by the Praetorian Guard to adopt general Marcus Ulpius Trajanus as his heir and successor. * 306 – Maxentius is proclaimed Roman emperor. * 312 – Constantine I defeat ...

–

Keichō was a after '' Bunroku'' and before '' Genna''. This period spanned from October 1596 to July 1615. The reigning emperors were and . Change of era * 1596 : The era name was changed to ''Keichō'' to mark the passing of various natural disaste ...

embassy:

Hasekura Tsunenaga was a kirishitan Japanese samurai and retainer of Date Masamune, the daimyō of Sendai. He was of Japanese imperial descent with ancestral ties to Emperor Kanmu. Other names include Philip Francis Faxicura, Felipe Francisco Faxicura, and Ph ...

departs Japan in the '' Date Maru'' with a Japanese diplomatic mission to the

Holy See The Holy See (, ; ), also called the See of Rome, the Petrine See or the Apostolic See, is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican City. It encompasses the office of the pope as the Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishop ...

, scheduled to first travel to

Acapulco Acapulco de Juárez (), commonly called Acapulco ( , ; ), is a city and Port of Acapulco, major seaport in the Political divisions of Mexico, state of Guerrero on the Pacific Coast of Mexico, south of Mexico City. Located on a deep, semicirc ...

New Spain New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( ; Nahuatl: ''Yankwik Kaxtillan Birreiyotl''), originally the Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain. It was one of several ...

, with a goal of concluding an agreement between

Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (born Matsudaira Takechiyo; 31 January 1543 – 1 June 1616) was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was the third of the three "Gr ...

and the

East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to Indian Ocean trade, trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (South A ...

, permitting English merchants to live and trade in Japan. *

November 3 Events Pre-1600 * 361 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia; on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor. * 1090 – The Rouen Riot, an attempt by English king ...

– English royal favourite

Robert Carr Leonard Robert Carr, Baron Carr of Hadley, (11 November 1916 – 17 February 2012) was a British Conservative Party politician who served as Home Secretary from 1972 to 1974. He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for 26 years, and later s ...

is created 1st

Earl of Somerset Earl () is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount. A feminine form of ''earl'' never developed; instead, ''countess'' is used. The titl ...

. *

November 30 Events Pre-1600 * 978 – Franco-German war of 978–980: Holy Roman Emperor Otto II lifts the siege of Paris and withdraws. 1601–1900 *1707 – Queen Anne's War: The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of t ...

– King Anaukpetlun of Burma sends an army of 4,000 troops to drive the Siamese occupiers from the Tenasserim coast. *

December 26 Events Pre-1600 * 887 – Berengar I is elected as king of Italy by the lords of Lombardy. He is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy at Pavia. * 1481 – Battle of Westbroek: An army of 4,000 to 5,000 soldiers raised by David of ...

– **The ''Date Maru'', carrying the Japanese diplomatic mission commanded

, reaches North America, sighting

Cape Mendocino Cape Mendocino ( Spanish: ''Cabo Mendocino'', meaning "Cape of Mendoza"), which is located approximately north of San Francisco, is located on the Lost Coast entirely within Humboldt County, California, United States. At 124° 24' 34" W longit ...

on the California coast. ** The Earl of Somerset marries Frances Howard, following the September 25 annulment of her marriage to

Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, KB, PC (; 11 January 1591 – 14 September 1646) was an English Parliamentarian and soldier during the first half of the 17th century. With the start of the Civil War in 1642, he became the first Captai ...

; the event is the inspiration for

John Donne John Donne ( ; 1571 or 1572 – 31 March 1631) was an English poet, scholar, soldier and secretary born into a recusant family, who later became a clergy, cleric in the Church of England. Under Royal Patronage, he was made Dean of St Paul's, D ...

's ''Eclogue''. *

– The Burmese Army defeats the Siamese Army at

Tavoy Dawei (, ; , ; , RTGS: ''Thawai'', ; formerly known as Tavoy) is a city in south-eastern Myanmar and is the capital of the Tanintharyi Region, formerly known as the Tenasserim Division, on the eastern bank of the Dawei River. The city is about ...

. The city is now part of Myanmar as Dawei. *

December 27 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – The second Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is consecrated. *1512 – The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the conduct of settlers with regard to Indigenous peoples of the Americas, native Ind ...

– Mateo Leal de Ayala becomes the new Governor of Rio de la Plata y Paraguay, covering what will become the nations of Argentina, Chile and Paraguay. He succeeds Diego Marín de Negron, who was poisoned on July 26.

Date unknown

* A

locust Locusts (derived from the Latin ''locusta'', locust or lobster) are various species of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acrididae that have a swarming phase. These insects are usually solitary, but under certain circumstances they b ...

swarm destroys La Camarque,

. *

Kuwait City Kuwait City (; ) is the capital and largest city of Kuwait. Located at the heart of the country on the south shore of Kuwait Bay on the Persian Gulf, it is the political, cultural and economic center of the emirate, containing Kuwait's Seif Pal ...

is founded. *

Sultan Agung of Mataram Sultan Agung Adi Prabu Anyakrakusuma (; 1593 – 1654), commonly known as Sultan Agung, was the third Sultan of Mataram in Central Java ruling from 1613 to 1645. He was a skilled soldier who conquered neighbouring states and expanded and cons ...

takes the throne of the kingdom of Mataram in

Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...

. * Near

Jamestown, Virginia The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent British colonization of the Americas, English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the northeast bank of the James River, about southwest of present-day Willia ...

, Sir

Thomas Dale Sir Thomas Dale ( 157019 August 1619) was an English soldier and colonial administrator who served as deputy-governor of the Colony of Virginia in 1611 and again from 1614 to 1616. Dale is best remembered for the energy and the extreme rigour ...

starts a settlement called Bermuda City, which later becomes part of

Hopewell, Virginia Hopewell is an independent city (United States), independent city surrounded by Prince George County, Virginia, Prince George County and the Appomattox River in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. At the 202 ...

Births

Imperial Portrait of Empress Xiao Zhuang Wen

January–March

January 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. * 1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 * 1761 – The Third Battle of Panipat is fought in I ...

–

Pier Martire Armani Pier Martire or Pier Martino Armani (January 14, 1613 – July 10, 1699) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period. He was born and worked in Reggio. He trained as a pupil of Leonello Spada and Sebastiano Vercellesi. He was one of the artists ...

, Italian painter (d.

1699 Events January–March * January 5 – A violent earthquake damages the city of Batavia on the Indonesian island of Java, killing at least 28 people. * January 20 – The Parliament of England (under Tory dominance) limits the size of ...

) *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Roman emperor, Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. *1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to set ...

– Giovanni Pietro Bellori, Italian art historian (d. 1696) * January 21 – George Gillespie, Scottish theologian (d. 1648) * February 2 ** Noël Chabanel, French Jesuit missionary at Sainte-Marie among the Hurons (d. 1649) ** William Thomas (bishop of Worcester), William Thomas, Welsh Anglican bishop (d. 1689) * February 7 – Johannes Musaeus, German theologian (d. 1681) *

– Mattia Preti, Italian painter (d.

) * February 28 – John Pearson (bishop), John Pearson, English theologian and scholar (d. 1686) * March 6 ** Stjepan Gradić, Croatian philosopher and scientist (d. 1683) ** Anna Moroni (educator), Anna Moroni, Italian educator (d. 1675) * March 11 – Francesco Caetani, 8th Duke of Sermoneta, Governor of the Duchy of Milan (d. 1683) * March 12 – André Le Nôtre, French landscape and garden designer (d. 1700) * March 19 – John Swinfen, English politician (d. 1694) * March 24 – Antonia of Württemberg, princess, literary figure, patron and Christian Kabbalist (d. 1679) * March 28 – Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, concubine of Qing dynasty ruler Hong Taiji (d. 1688) *

– Louis-Isaac Lemaistre de Sacy, French Bible translator (d. 1684)

April–June

* April 1 ** Giulio Bartolocci, Italian Biblical scholar (d. 1687) ** Charles de Saint-Évremond, French soldier and writer (d. 1703) * April 7 – Gerrit Dou, Dutch painter (d. 1675) * April 18 – Philip Wharton, 4th Baron Wharton, English soldier (d. 1696) * April 21 – Franciscus Plante, Dutch painter, chaplain (d. 1690) * April 29 – Christoph Bach (musician), Christoph Bach, German musician (d. 1661) * May 9 – Mattias de' Medici, Italian noble (d. 1667) * May 10 – François Chauveau, French painter (d. 1676) * May 15 – George Seton, Lord Seton, Scottish noble (d. 1648) * May 31 – John George II, Elector of Saxony (1656–1680) (d. 1680) * June 1 – William Wirich, Count of Daun-Falkenstein, German nobleman (d. 1682) * June 13 – Johann Ernst, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (1641–1642) (d. 1642) * June 16 – John Cleveland, English poet (d. 1658)

July–September

* July 15 – Gu Yanwu, Chinese philologist and geographer (d. 1682) * July 16 – Alderano Cybo, Catholic cardinal (d. 1700) * August 7 – William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz, Dutch stadtholder (d. 1664) * August 15 – Gilles Ménage, French scholar (d. 1692) * August 18 – Sir Thomas Peyton, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1684) * August 20 – Duchess Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg, German poet composer and (by marriage) Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1676) * August 24 – Bartholomew Holzhauser, German priest, founder of a religious community, visionary, writer of prophecies (d. 1658) *

– John Jolliffe (merchant), John Jolliffe, English politician and businessman (d. 1680) * September 8 – Henri Albert de La Grange d'Arquien, Catholic cardinal (d. 1707) * September 15 – François de La Rochefoucauld (writer), François de La Rochefoucauld, French writer (d. 1680) * September 19 – Sir John Norwich, 1st Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1661) * September 25 – Claude Perrault, French architect (d. 1688)

October–December

* October 3 – Marion Delorme, French courtesan known for her relationships with the important men of her time (d. 1650) * October 12 – Jacques d'Arthois, Flemish painter (d. 1686) * October 13 ** Luisa de Guzmán, Duchess of Braganza, queen consort of Portugal (d. 1666) ** Adriaan Heereboord, Dutch philosopher (d. 1661) * October 19 – Charles of Sezze, Italian Franciscan friar and saint (d. 1670) *

– Edmund Bowyer (died 1681), Edmund Bowyer, English politician (d. 1681) * November 5 – Isaac de Benserade, French poet (d. 1691) * November 12 – Sir Ralph Verney, 1st Baronet, of Middle Claydon, English Baronet (d. 1696) * November 16 – Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode (1635–1670) (d. 1670) * November 20 – Tyman Oosdorp, Dutch Golden Age brewer and magistrate of Haarlem (d. 1668) * November 24 – John Knight (died 1683), John Knight, Member of the Parliament of England (d. 1683) * November 25 – Philip VII, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen (1638–1645) (d. 1645) * December 4 ''(bapt.)'' – Samuel Butler (poet), Samuel Butler, English satirist (d. 1680) * December 10 – Izaak van Oosten, Flemish painter (d. 1661) * December 11 – Amar Singh Rathore, Rajput nobleman affiliated with the royal house of Marwar (d. 1644) * December 23 – Carl Gustaf Wrangel, Field Marshal of Sweden (d. 1676) * December 28 – Bullen Reymes, English courtier, diplomat and politician (d. 1672)

Date unknown

* Henry Vane the Younger, Henry Vane, English politician (d. 1662) * Khushal Khan Khattak, Afghan poet (d. 1690)

Probable

* Richard Crashaw, English poet (d. 1649)

Deaths

January–July

* January 2 – Salima Sultan Begum, Empress of the Mughal Empire (b. 1539) * January 12 – George Blackwell (priest), George Blackwell, English Catholic archpriest (b. 1545) * January 18 – Antoon Claeissens, Flemish Baroque painter (b. 1536) * January 27 – Anna of Saxony (1567–1613), Anna of Saxony, German noblewoman (b. 1567) * January 28 – Thomas Bodley, England, English diplomat and library founder (b. 1545) *

– Juan García López-Rico, Spanish Catholic priest from the Trinitarian Order, founded the Order of Discalced Carmelites (b. 1561) * February 16 – Johannes Letzner, German Protestant priest and historian (b. 1531) * February 27 – Pietro Facchetti, Italian painter (b. 1539) * March 2 – Rudolph Snellius, Dutch linguist and mathematician (b. 1546) * March 13 – Giovanni Battista Caccini, Italian artist (b. 1556) * March 16 ** Sigrid Sture, Swedish Governor (b. 1538) ** Ikeda Terumasa, Japanese daimyō (b. 1565) * March 23 – Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont, Spanish inventor (b. 1553) *

– Sigismund Báthory, Prince of Transylvania (b. 1572) * April 27 – Robert Abercromby (missionary), Robert Abercromby, Scottish Jesuit missionary (b. 1532) * June 3 – Allahverdi Khan, Georgian-born Iranian general (b. 1590) * June 8 – Cigoli, Italian painter (b. 1559) * June 15 – Magdalena Moons, Dutch heroine (b. 1541)

July–September

* July 2 – Bartholomaeus Pitiscus, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1561) * July 19 – Nicolaus van Aelst, Flemish engraver (b. 1526) *

– Sebastian Lubomirski, Polish-Lithuanian nobleman (''szlachcic'') (b. c. 1546) * July 30 – Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1564) * August 1 ** Francesco Grimaldi (architect), Francesco Grimaldi, Italian architect (b. 1543) ** Thomas Twyne, English actor (b. 1543) * August 7 – Thomas Fleming (judge), Thomas Fleming, English judge (b. 1544) * August 14 – David Lindsay (bishop of Ross), David Lindsay, Scottish bishop (b. 1531) * August 18 – Giovanni Artusi, Italian composer (b. c. 1540) * August 22 – Dominicus Baudius, Dutch historian and poet (b. 1561) * August 25 – William Waldegrave (MP for Suffolk), William Waldegrave, English Member of Parliament (b. 1540) * September 8 ** Carlo Gesualdo, Italian composer (b. 1566) ** James Pemberton, British goldsmith (b. 1550) * September 14 – Thomas Overbury, English poet and essayist (murdered) (b. 1581)

October–December

* October 9 – Henry Constable, English poet (b. 1562) * October 11 – John Petre, 1st Baron Petre, English politician (b. 1549) * October 22 – Mathurin Régnier, French satirist (b. 1573) * October 26 – Johann Bauhin, Swiss botanist (b. 1541) * October 27 – Gabriel Báthory, Prince of Transylvania (b. 1589) * November 4 – Cristóbal Rodríguez Juárez, Spanish Catholic archbishop (b. 1547) * November 16 – Trajano Boccalini, Italian satirist (b. 1556) * November 21 – Rose Lok, English Marian exile (b. 1526) * November 23 – Charles Philippe de Croÿ, Marquis d’Havré, Belgian noble and politician (b. 1549) * November 26 – Henry Berkeley, 7th Baron Berkeley, English politician (b. 1534) * December 6 – Anton Praetorius, German pastor (b. 1560) * December 7 – Simon VI, Count of Lippe, imperial count and ruler of the County of Lippe (Germany) since 1563 (b. 1554) * ''date unknown'' ** Phùng Khắc Khoan, Vietnamese military strategist, politician, diplomat and poet (b. 1528) ** Beatrice Michiel, Venetian spy (b. 1553)

References

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