Events

* 1445 -

Printing press A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a printing, print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods in whi ...

developed in Europe.

Works

Moses da Rieti Moses da Rieti (also known as Moshe ben Yitzḥak and Mosè di Gaio; 1388–1466) was an Italian-Jewish poet, philosopher, and physician. Born in Rieti, he composed works in Hebrew and Italian language, Italian and has been called a Hebrew Dante ...

, ''Miqdash me'at'',

Hebrew Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic languages, Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and ...

poet writing in Italy * Per Raff Lille, ''Mariaviser'' ("Songs to Mary"),

Denmark Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...

Preminger, Alex and T. V. F. Brogan, et al., ''The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics'', 1993. New York: MJF Books/Fine Communications * ("The Great Rhymed Chronicle"),

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...

* 1402–1403 – Christine de Pisan, ''Le Livre du chemin de long estude'', describing a trial of the faults of this world in the "Court of Reason"Olsen, Kirsten,
''Chronology of Women's History''
p 55, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1994, , , retrieved via Google Books on May 26, 2009 * 1403 – Christine de Pisan, ''La Mutacion de Fortune'' ("The Changes of Fortune") * c.1434 –

John Lydgate John Lydgate of Bury () was an English monk and poet, born in Lidgate, near Haverhill, Suffolk, Haverhill, Suffolk, England. Lydgate's poetic output is prodigious, amounting, at a conservative count, to about 145,000 lines. He explored and estab ...

, ''The Life of St. Edmund, King and Martyr'' * c.1470–1485 – Pietru Caxaro, '' Il Cantilena'', oldest known Maltese text * c.1480s –

Robert Henryson Robert Henryson (Middle Scots: Robert Henrysoun) was a poet who flourished in Scotland in the period c. 1460–1500. Counted among the Scots language, Scots ''makars'', he lived in the royal burgh of Dunfermline and is a distinctive voice in th ...

, cycle '' The Morall Fabillis of Esope the Phrygian'' in

Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...

* 1473–1480 – Maladhar Basu, 'Sri Krishna Vijaya'' (শ্রীকৃষ্ণবিজয়, "Triumph of Lord Krishna"),

Bengal Bengal ( ) is a Historical geography, historical geographical, ethnolinguistic and cultural term referring to a region in the Eastern South Asia, eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. The region of Benga ...

Births and deaths

Mexico

Axayacatl Axayacatl (; ; ; meaning "face of water"; –1481) was the sixth of the of Tenochtitlan and Emperor of the Aztec Triple Alliance. Biography Early life and background Axayacatl was a son of the princess Atotoztli II and her cousin, prince ...

(1449-1481), ''huey tlatoani'' (supreme leader or emperor) of

Tenochtitlan , also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan, was a large Mexican in what is now the historic center of Mexico City. The exact date of the founding of the city is unclear, but the date 13 March 1325 was chosen in 1925 to celebrate the 600th annivers ...

and poet * Ayocuan Cuetzpaltzin (mid 15th-early 16th centuries) wise man, poet, white eagle from Tecamachalco *

Cacamatzin Cacamatzin (or Cacama) (c. 1483–1520) was the tlatoani (ruler) of Texcoco,Diaz, B., 1963, The Conquest of New Spain, London: Penguin Books, the second most important city of the Aztec Empire. Cacamatzin was a son of the previous king Nezahu ...

(1483-1520), ''tlatoani'' of Texcoco and poet * Chichicuepon (15th century) poet from Chalco (altépetl) * Cuacuauhtzin (1410-1443), ''tlatoani'' (ruler) of Tepechpan wrote a poem about his betrayal by Nezahualcoyotl. * Macuilxochitzin (c. 1435-?), daughter of Tlacaelel *

Nezahualcoyotl (tlatoani) Nezahualcoyotl ( , ), "Fasting Coyote" (April 28, 1402 – June 4, 1472) was a scholar, philosopher (''tlamatini''), warrior, architect, poet and ruler (''tlatoani'') of the city-state of Texcoco (altepetl), Texcoco in pre-Columbian era Mexico. Un ...

(1402-1472), ruler of

Texcoco (altepetl) Tetzcoco (Classical Nahuatl: ''Tetzco(h)co'' , Otomi: ) was a major Acolhua altepetl (city-state) in the central Mexican plateau region of Mesoamerica during the Late Postclassic period of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican chronology. It was situ ...

, poet, and architect *Tecayehuatzin of Huexotzinco (second half of 15th to early 16th century), poet and philosopher (Huexotzinco was a semi-independent state, alternately loyal to the Aztec Empire or to

Tlaxcala Tlaxcala, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tlaxcala, is one of the 32 federal entities that comprise the Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Tlaxcala, 60 municipalities and t ...

.) * Temilotzin (end of 15th century-1525), born in

Tlatelolco (altepetl) Tlatelolco ( , ) (also called Mexico Tlatelolco) was a pre-Columbian altepetl, or city-state, in the Valley of Mexico. Its inhabitants, known as the ''Tlatelolca'', were part of the Mexica, a Nahuatl-speaking people who arrived in what is now ce ...

and ''Tlatoani'' of Tzilacatlan *

Tochihuitzin coyolchiuhqui Tochihuitzin, son of Itzcoatl, was ruler of Teotlatzinco. Tochihuitzin and his brothers helped save Nezahualcoyotl from being captured by the Azcapotzalca that Nezahualcoyotl found refuge with the Mexica The Mexica (Nahuatl: ; singular ) a ...

, (late 14th-mid 15th centuries) ''Tlatoani'' and poet from Teotlatzinco, son of

Itzcoatl Itzcoatl ( , "Obsidian Serpent", ) (c. 1380–1440) was the fourth king of Tenochtitlan, and the founder of the Aztec Empire, ruling from 1427 to 1440. Under Itzcoatl the Mexica of Tenochtitlan threw off the domination of the Tepanecs and esta ...

Xicotencatl I Xicotencatl I or Xicotencatl the Elder (c. Aztec calendar, 11 House (1425) – c. Aztec calendar, 4 Rabbit (1522)) was a long-lived ''teuctli'' (elected official) of Tizatlan, a Nahua peoples, Nahua ''altepetl'' (city-state) within the Tlaxca ...

(1425-1522) ''tlatoani'' of Tizatlan (Tlaxcala)

Europe

* Per Raff Lille (c. 1450 — c. 1500), Danish * Tomas af Strangnas, (died

1443 Year 1443 ( MCDXLIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – ** Pope Eugene IV called for Christians under his jurisdiction to participate in the Crusade of Varna again ...

), Swedish *

François Villon François Villon (; Modern French: ; ; – after 1463) is the best known French poet of the Late Middle Ages. He was involved in criminal behavior and had multiple encounters with law enforcement authorities. Villon wrote about some of these e ...

( 1431–

1463 Year 1463 ( MCDLXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1463rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 463rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 63rd year of the 15th century, and the 4th y ...

), French *

Janus Pannonius Janus Pannonius ( or , , ; 29 August 1434 – 27 March 1472) was an influential intellectual in the Kingdom of Hungary, a Latinist, poet, diplomat and Bishop of Pécs. He was the most significant poet of the Renaissance in the Kingdom of Hun ...

( 1431– 1472),

Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...

from

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

Japan

* Arakida Moritake 荒木田守武 ( 1473– 1549), the son of Negi Morihide, and a

Shinto , also called Shintoism, is a religion originating in Japan. Classified as an East Asian religions, East Asian religion by Religious studies, scholars of religion, it is often regarded by its practitioners as Japan's indigenous religion and as ...

priest; said to have excelled in waka,

renga ''Renga'' (, ''linked poem'') is a genre of Japanese collaborative poetry in which alternating stanzas, or ''ku (''句), of 5-7-5 and 7-7 morae (sound units, not to be confused with syllables) per line are linked in succession by multiple poets ...

, and in particular

haikai ''Haikai'' ( Japanese 俳諧 ''comic, unorthodox'') may refer in both Japanese and English to ''haikai no renga'' ( renku), a popular genre of Japanese linked verse, which developed in the sixteenth century out of the earlier aristocratic renga. ...

Ikkyū was an eccentric, iconoclastic Japanese Zen Buddhist monk and poet. He had a great impact on the infusion of Japanese art and literature with Zen attitudes and ideals.Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan, entry "Ikkyū" by James H. Sanford He is p ...

休宗純, Ikkyū Sōjun 1394– 1481), eccentric, iconic,

Rinzai The Rinzai school (, zh, t=臨濟宗, s=临济宗, p=Línjì zōng), named after Linji Yixuan (Romaji: Rinzai Gigen, died 866 CE) is one of three sects of Zen in Japanese Buddhism, along with Sōtō and Ōbaku. The Chinese Linji school of ...

Zen Buddhist priest, poet and sometime mendicant flute player who influenced Japanese art and literature with an infusion of Zen attitudes and ideals; one of the creators of the formal

Japanese tea ceremony The Japanese tea ceremony (known as or lit. 'Hot water for tea') is a Culture of Japan, Japanese cultural activity involving the ceremonial preparation and presentation of , powdered green tea, the procedure of which is called . The term "Japa ...

; well-known to Japanese children through various stories and the subject of a popular Japanese children's television program; made a character in

anime is a Traditional animation, hand-drawn and computer animation, computer-generated animation originating from Japan. Outside Japan and in English, ''anime'' refers specifically to animation produced in Japan. However, , in Japan and in Ja ...

fiction * Shōtetsu 正徹 ( 1381– 1459), considered by some the last great poet in the courtly waka tradition; his disciples were important in the development of

, which led to

haiku is a type of short form poetry that originated in Japan. Traditional Japanese haiku consist of three phrases composed of 17 Mora (linguistics), morae (called ''On (Japanese prosody), on'' in Japanese) in a 5, 7, 5 pattern; that include a ''kire ...

Sōgi Iio Sōgi, (or Inō Sōgi) generally known as , was a Japanese people, Japanese poet. He came from a humble family from the province of Kii Province, Kii or Ōmi Province, Ōmi, and died in Hakone, Kanagawa, Hakone on September 1, 1502. Sōgi wa ...

宗祇 ( 1421– 1502), Japanese Zen monk who studied waka and

poetry, then became a professional renga poet in his 30s * Yamazaki Sōkan 山崎宗鑑,

pen name A pen name or nom-de-plume is a pseudonym (or, in some cases, a variant form of a real name) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by-line of their works in place of their real name. A pen name may be used to make the author's na ...

of Shina Norishige ( 1465–

1553 Year 1553 ( MDLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 2 – The siege of Metz in France, started by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor during the Italian War of 1551–59 o ...

), ''

'' and ''

'' poet, court calligrapher for Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshihisa; became a secluded Buddhist monk following the shōgun's death in 1489

Persian language

* Jami, poet ( 1414–

1492 Year 1492 ( MCDXCII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. 1492 is considered to be a significant year in the history of the West, Europe, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Spain, and the New World, among others, because of the ...

) * Mir Ali Shir Nava'i, poet ( 1441–

1501 Year 1501 ( MDI) was a common year starting on Friday in the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 17 – Cesar Borgia returns triumphantly to Rome, from Romagna. * February 1 – The Duchy of Bavaria-Dachau, c ...

)

South Asia

* Bhalan (c. 1426– 1500), Indian, Gujarati-language poetMohan, Sarala Jag
Chapter 4: "Twentieth-Century Gujarati Literature"
(Google books link), in Natarajan, Nalini, and Emanuel Sampath Nelson, editors, ''Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India'', Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996, , retrieved December 10, 2008 * Chandidas (চন্ডীদাস) (born 1408 CE) refers to (possibly more than one) medieval Indian Bengali-language poet *

Meerabai Meera, better known as Mirabai, and venerated as Sant Meerabai, was a 16th-century Hindu mystic poet and devotee of Krishna. She is a celebrated Bhakti saint, particularly in the North Indian Hindu tradition. She is mentioned in '' Bhaktam ...

(मीराबाई) (1498-1547), alternate spelling: Meera, Mira, Meera Bai; Hindu poet-

saint In Christianity, Christian belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of sanctification in Christianity, holiness, imitation of God, likeness, or closeness to God in Christianity, God. However, the use of the ...

mystical Mysticism is popularly known as becoming one with God or the Absolute, but may refer to any kind of ecstasy or altered state of consciousness which is given a religious or spiritual meaning. It may also refer to the attainment of insight ...

poet whose compositions, extant version of which are in Gujarati and a

Rajasthani Rajasthani may refer to: * something of, from, or related to Rajasthan, a state of India * Rajasthani languages, a group of Indic languages spoken there * Rajasthani people, the native inhabitants of the state * Rajasthani architecture, Indian ar ...

dialect of

Hindi Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...

, remain popular throughout

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

* Nund Reshi (

1377 Year 1377 ( MCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January – Battle of Đồ Bàn: Trần Duệ Tông, Trần dynasty Emperor of Đại Việt (Vietnam), is kille ...

–

1440 Events January–March * January 6 – Ludovico becomes the new Duke of Savoy upon the abdication of his father Amadeus VIII. * January 8 – Seventeen new Roman Catholic Cardinals are added to the College of Cardinals afer h ...

), Indian, Kashmiri-language poet * Zainuddin (fl. 1470s), Bengali-language poet

Decades and years

Notes

{{reflist 01 Poetry by century