15 (number)

15 (fifteen) is the natural number following 14 and preceding 16.

Mathematics

15 is:
* The eighth composite number and the sixth semiprime and the first odd and fourth discrete semiprime; its proper divisors are , , and , so the first of the form (3.q), where q is a higher prime.
* a deficient number, a lucky number, a bell number (i.e., the number of partitions for a set of size 4), a pentatope number, and a repdigit in binary (1111) and quaternary (33). In hexadecimal, and higher bases, it is represented as F.
* with an aliquot sum of 9; within an aliquot sequence of three composite numbers (15, 9, 4, 3, 1,0) to the Prime in the 3-aliquot tree.
* the second member of the first cluster of two discrete semiprimes ( 14, 15); the next such cluster is ( 21, 22).
* the first number to be polygonal in 3 ways: it is the 5th triangular number, a hexagonal number, and pentadecagonal number.
* a centered tetrahedral number.
* the number of partitions of 7.
* the smallest number that can be factorized using Shor's quantum algorithm.
* the magic constant of the unique order-3 normal magic square.
* the number of supersingular primes.
* the smallest positive number that can be expressed as the difference of two positive squares in more than one way: $4^2-1^2$ or $8^2-7^2$ (see image).

Furthermore,

* 15's prime factors, ( 3 and 5), form the first twin-prime pair.
*The first 15 superabundant numbers are the same as the first 15 colossally abundant numbers.
* In decimal, 15 contains the digits 1 and 5 and is the result of adding together the integers from 1 to 5 (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15). The only other number with this property (in decimal) is 27.
* There are 15 truncatable primes that are both right-truncatable and left-truncatable:
:2, 3, 5, 7, 23, 37, 53, 73, 313, 317, 373, 797, 3137, 3797, 739397
* There are 15 perfect matchings of the complete graph ''K''₆ and 15 rooted binary trees with four labeled leaves, both of these being among the types of objects counted by double factorials.
* With only two exceptions, all prime quadruplets enclose a multiple of 15, with 15 itself being enclosed by the quadruplet (11, 13, 17, 19).
* If a positive definite quadratic form with integer matrix represents all positive integers up to 15, then it represents all positive integers via the 15 and 290 theorems.
* 15 is the product of distinct Fermat primes, 3 and 5; hence, a regular pentadecagon is constructible with a compass and unmarked straightedge, and $\cos \frac$ is expressible in terms of square roots.
* There are 15 monohedral convex pentagonal tilings, with eight being edge-to-edge.
* There are 15 regular and semiregular tilings when infinite (improper) apeirogonal forms are counted: three are regular (with one self-dual), eight are semiregular (with one chiral), and four are apeirogonal (from a total of 8, in-which 4 are duplicates).
* Full icosahedral symmetry contains 15 mirror planes (2-fold axes). Specifically, the symmetry order for both the regular icosahedron and regular dodecahedron (which is made of regular pentagons) is 120: equal to sum of the first 15 integers, and the factorial of 5, wherein the sum of the first 5 integers itself is 15. Expressed mathematically:
*: $\sum_^i = 120$, while $\sum_^i = 15$, and $5! = 120$.
* There are 15 Archimedean solids and 15 Catalan solids when enantiomorphic forms are counted separately.
* There are 15 regular honeycombs in hyperbolic 3-space: four are compact, and 11 are paracompact.
* It is the smallest non-trivial Surprise Number. When 15 is partitioned into 2 parts of digits- smaller part 1 and larger part 5, adding numbers from smaller 1 to larger 5 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15 = Original Number.

Religion

Sunnism

The Hanbali Sunni madhab states that the age of fifteen of a solar or lunar calendar is when one's taklif (obligation or responsibility) begins and is the stage whereby one has his deeds recorded.

Judaism

* In the Hebrew numbering system, the number 15 is not written according to the usual method, with the letters that represent "10" and "5" (י-ה, ''yodh'' and '' heh''), because those spell out one of the Jewish names of God. Instead, the date is written with the letters representing "9" and "6" (ט-ו, '' teth'' and '' vav'').

References

Further reading

* Wells, D. '' The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers'' London: Penguin Group. (1987): 91–93

External links

* – discussing hexadecimals
* – discussing the Celtic number as used in Lincolnshire

{{Integers, zero

Integers