__NOTOC__ Year 1574 ( MDLXXIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the

Julian calendar The Julian calendar is a solar calendar of 365 days in every year with an additional leap day every fourth year (without exception). The Julian calendar is still used as a religious calendar in parts of the Eastern Orthodox Church and in parts ...

Events

January–March

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...

– Mohammed II becomes the new Sultan of Morocco upon the death of his father, Abdallah al-Ghalib. *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to become monks by Constantine VII, who becomes sole emperor of the ...

– At

Agra Agra ( ) is a city on the banks of the Yamuna river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, about south-east of the national capital Delhi and 330 km west of the state capital Lucknow. With a population of roughly 1.6 million, Agra is the ...

, Bhagwant Das becomes the new Maharaja of the Kingdom of Amber in what is now India's state of

Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh ( ; UP) is a States and union territories of India, state in North India, northern India. With over 241 million inhabitants, it is the List of states and union territories of India by population, most populated state in In ...

, upon the death of his grandfather, the Raja

Bharmal Raja Bharmal, also known as Bihari Mal, and Bihar Mal (1498 – 27 January 1574), was the 23rd ruler of Jaipur State, Amber, which was later known as Jaipur. He was a ruler of the Kachhwaha clan. His daughter, Mariam-uz-Zamani was the chief ...

. *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler ...

– Off of the coast of the Netherlands, the Battle of the Scheldt is fought between the Spanish Fleet and a combined Dutch and English fleet of ships. The Spanish Navy loses 15 ships and 1,200 men are killed, wounded or captured. *

February February is the second month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in common years and 29 in leap years, with the February 29, 29th day being called the ''leap day''. February is the third a ...

– The fifth War of Religion against the Huguenots begins in

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

. *

March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost ...

– Swedish troops attack Wesenberg Castle in

Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...

and lose at least 1,000 men in attempting to capture it from the Russian Army.Gary Dean Peterson, ''Warrior Kings of Sweden: The Rise of an Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries'' (McFarland, 2007) pp. 91-93 * March 17 – Within the Swedish Army, a fight between Scottish and German mercenaries is fought. By the end of the battle, several hundred Scots are dead, compared to 30 Germans.

April–June

April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor ...

– Battle of Mookerheyde: Spanish forces under Sancho de Avila defeat the rebel forces of Louis of Nassau, who is killed. * April – The fort of Narnala in the Deccan falls to the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, and with it the Berar sultanate is annexed by Ahmadnagar. * May 30 – On the death of

King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...

Charles IX of France of a tubercular condition at the Château de Vincennes, he is succeeded by his brother King Henry of Poland, who becomes King

Henry III of France Henry III (; ; ; 19 September 1551 – 2 August 1589) was King of France from 1574 until his assassination in 1589, as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1573 to 1575. As the fourth son of King Henry II of France, he ...

. His mother,

Catherine de' Medici Catherine de' Medici (, ; , ; 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589) was an Italian Republic of Florence, Florentine noblewoman of the Medici family and Queen of France from 1547 to 1559 by marriage to Henry II of France, King Henry II. Sh ...

, acts as

Regent In a monarchy, a regent () is a person appointed to govern a state because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been dete ...

, until Henry arrives from

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

. * June 10 ** Construction of The White Tower begins in the Czech Republic.History of the White Tower
/ref> **

Manila Manila, officially the City of Manila, is the Capital of the Philippines, capital and second-most populous city of the Philippines after Quezon City, with a population of 1,846,513 people in 2020. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on ...

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

gains cityhood.

July–September

* July 12 – Selim II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, launches the attempt to reclaim Tunis from control of the Holy Roman Empire with more than 250 warships and 100,000 troops, and to restore North Africa to Muslim control. * July 13 – In

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

, John George, Elector of Brandenburg, orders the founding of the Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster, which remains 450 years later as one of the most prestigious preparatory schools in Germany. * July 26 – Kılıç Ali Pasha begins construction of an Ottoman fortress on the coastline of

Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...

, directly across

Andalusia Andalusia ( , ; , ) is the southernmost autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Peninsular Spain, located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomou ...

in mainland Spain. * August 24 – The Tunisian port of

La Goulette La Goulette (, ), in Arabic Halq al-Wadi ( '), is a municipality and the port of Tunis, Tunisia. La Goulette is located at around on a sandbar between Lake of Tunis, Lake Tūnis and the Gulf of Tunis. The port, located 12km east of Tunis, is th ...

falls to Ottoman troops after six weeks.María Antonia Garcés, ''Cervantes in Algiers: A Captive's Tale'' (Vanderbilt University Press, 2005) p.220 * August 30 – Guru Ram Das becomes the fourth of the

Sikh gurus The Sikh gurus (Punjabi language, Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖ ਗੁਰੂ; Hindi: सिख गुरु) are the spiritual masters of Sikhism, who established the religion over the course of about two and a half centuries, beginning in 1469. The year ...

. * September 13 – The last Holy Roman Imperial defenders surrender

Tunis Tunis (, ') is the capital city, capital and largest city of Tunisia. The greater metropolitan area of Tunis, often referred to as "Grand Tunis", has about 2,700,000 inhabitants. , it is the third-largest city in the Maghreb region (after Casabl ...

to the Ottoman General Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha. *

September September is the ninth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 30 days. September in the Northern Hemisphere and March in the Southern Hemisphere are seasonally equivalent. In the Northern hemisphere, the b ...

– A plot to assassinate John III of Sweden is discovered, headed by Charles de Mornay and implicating Charles Dancay, Hogenskild Bielke, Gustaf Banér, Pontus De la Gardie, Princess Elizabeth of Sweden, Princess Cecilia of Sweden, and Duke Charles.Karin Tegenborg Falkdalen (2010). Vasadöttrarna The Vasa Daughters' Falun: Historiska Media. (In Swedish)

October–December

* October 3 – The city of

Leiden Leiden ( ; ; in English language, English and Archaism, archaic Dutch language, Dutch also Leyden) is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Provinces of the Nethe ...

, besieged by the Spanish, is relieved by a Sea Beggars fleet under Louis Boisot. * November 22 – The

Juan Fernández Islands The Juan Fernández Islands () are a sparsely inhabited series of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, reliant on tourism and fishing. Situated off the coast of Chile, they are composed of three main volcanic islands: Robinson Crusoe Island, R ...

in the South

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is ...

are discovered by Spanish sailor Juan Fernández. *

November 29 Events Pre-1600 * 528 – Antioch suffers its second major earthquake in two years, killing thousands and destroying its remaining edifice. * 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert ...

– Limahong and Juan de Salcedo quarrel during the Battle of Manila. *

December 15 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – Vandalic War: Byzantine Empire, Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Tricamarum. * 687 – Pope Sergius I is elected as a compromise between antipopes P ...

– Selim II, the 50-year-old Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, is killed after becoming drunk, falling, and fracturing his skull on the floor of the Topkapi Palace.Diana Darke, ''The Ottomans: A Cultural Legacy'' (Thames & Hudson, 2022) p.145 * December 22 – Prince Murad bin-Selim of the Ottoman Empire completes the murders, by strangulation, of his four younger brothers, Süleyman, Abdüllah, Osman, and Cihangir. * December 27 –

Murad III Murad III (; ; 4 July 1546 – 16 January 1595) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1574 until his death in 1595. His rule saw battles with the Habsburg monarchy, Habsburgs and exhausting wars with the Safavid Iran, Safavids. The long-inde ...

, eldest son of Selim II, is formally enthroned as the Ottoman Sultan after eliminating his other brothers as rival claimants to the throne.

Undated

* Prince El-Mirza of Kakheti is defeated in his bid for the throne by his half-brother, Alexander II. * The Liturgical Battle royal between the Reformation and Counter Reformation begins in Sweden, and continues until the Uppsala Synod of 1593. * La Alameda, Seville, is laid out in

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

, as

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

's first public garden.

Births

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...

– Robert Fludd, English Rosicrucian and Paracelsian physicist (d. 1637) * February 17 – Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Duke of Osuna, Spanish nobleman and politician (d. 1624) *

March 4 Events Pre-1600 * AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 581 – Yang Jian declares himself Emperor ...

– Carl Gyllenhielm, Swedish soldier and politician (d. 1650) *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Easte ...

– William Oughtred, English mathematician and Anglican minister (d.

1660 Events January–March * January 1 ** At daybreak, English Army Colonel George Monck, with two brigades of troops from his Scottish occupational force, fords the River Tweed at Coldstream in Scotland to cross the Anglo-Scottish ...

) *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cobl ...

– John Wilbye, English composer (date of baptism) (d. 1638) * April 27 – Philip Rubens, Flemish lawyer and older brother to painter

Peter Paul Rubens Sir Peter Paul Rubens ( ; ; 28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a Flemish painting, Flemish artist and diplomat. He is considered the most influential artist of the Flemish Baroque painting, Flemish Baroque tradition. Rubens' highly charged comp ...

(d. 1611) *

May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...

– Pope Innocent X (d. 1655) * May 14 ** Daniel Dumonstier, French artist (d. 1646) ** Francesco Rasi, Italian composer, singer, instrumentalist, poet (d. 1621) *

June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. * 1325 – Ibn ...

– Juan Alonso de Solis y Mendoza, Spanish Catholic prelate, Bishop of Puerto Rico (1635–1640) (d. 1640) *

– Wilhelm Kettler, Duke of Courland (d. 1640) * June – Richard Barnfield, English poet (d. 1627) * July 1 – Joseph Hall, English bishop and satirist (d. 1656) * July 2 – Dorothea Maria of Anhalt, Duchess consort of Saxe-Weimar (1602–1605) (d. 1617) * July 10 – Clara Maria of Pomerania-Barth, German noble (d. 1623) * July 23 – Balthasar I Moretus, Flemish printer (d.

1641 Events January–March * January 4 – The stratovolcano Mount Parker (Philippines), Mount Parker in the Philippines has a major eruption. * January 14 – Battle of Malacca (1641), The Battle of Malacca concludes with the D ...

) * August 2 – Sir Richard Beaumont, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1631) * August 7 – Robert Dudley, styled Earl of Warwick, English explorer and geographer (d. 1649) * August 28 – Frederick IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1636–1648) (d. 1648) * August 30 – Albert Szenczi Molnár, Hungarian translator (d. 1634) * September 6 – Luis Sotelo, Spanish Franciscan friar who died as a martyr in Japan (d. 1624) * September 18 – Claudio Achillini, Italian philosopher, theologian, mathematician, poet, jurist (d. 1640) * September 29 – Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox, Scottish nobleman and politician (d. 1624) * September – Thomas Gataker, English clergyman and theologian (d. 1654) * October 25 – François de Sourdis, French Catholic cardinal (d. 1628) * November 4 – Erycius Puteanus, Dutch humanist, philologist (d. 1646) * November 5 – Charlotte de La Marck, French duchess (d. 1594) * November 10 – Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria, Austrian archduchess (d. 1621) * November 30 – Frederick of Solms-Rödelheim, imperial chamberlain, war and Obrist (d. 1649) * December 8 – Maria Anna of Bavaria, Archduchess of Inner Austria (d. 1616) * December 10 – Mikołaj Łęczycki, Polish Jesuit (d. 1653) * December 12 ** Adam Wenceslaus, Duke of Cieszyn (d. 1617) **

Anne of Denmark Anne of Denmark (; 12 December 1574 – 2 March 1619) was the wife of King James VI and I. She was List of Scottish royal consorts, Queen of Scotland from their marriage on 20 August 1589 and List of English royal consorts, Queen of Engl ...

, queen of James VI of Scotland (d. 1619) *

– Samuel Besler, Polish composer (d. 1625) * ''date unknown'' ** John Day, English dramatist (d. 1640) ** Wilhelm Kinsky, Bohemian nobleman (d. 1634) ** Claudio Pari, Sicilian composer ** Feng Menglong, Chinese poet (d. 1645)

Deaths

January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. * 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. * 1564 – The Council of T ...

– Martin Helwig, German cartographer of Silesia (b. 1516) *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 * 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. * 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 * 1607 – An es ...

– Damião de Góis, Portuguese philosopher (b. 1502) *

– Anna II, Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg, German noblewoman, reigning from 1516 until her death (b. 1504) * March 27 – Takeda Nobutora, Japanese warlord (b. 1494) *

– Louis of Nassau, Dutch general (b. 1538) * April 17 – Joachim Camerarius, German classical scholar (b. 1500) *

April 21 Events Pre-1600 * 753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is mur ...

– Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1519) * April 30 – Joseph Boniface de La Molle, Provençale lover of Marguerite de Valois (b. 1530) * May 14 – Guru Amar Das, third Sikh Guru (b. 1479) * May 3 – Giovanni Ricci, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1498) * May 30 – King Charles IX of France (b. 1550) * June 12 – Renée of France, French princess (b.

1510 Year 1510 (Roman numerals, MDX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 23 – An 18-year-old Henry VIII of England jousts anonymously at Richmond, London, Richmond, Surrey ...

) * June 14 – John III the Terrible, Voivode of Moldavia (b. 1521) *

June 26 Events Pre-1600 *4 AD, 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius. * 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar (title), Caesar. * 363 – Roman emperor Julian (emperor), J ...

– Gabriel, comte de Montgomery, captain of the Scottish Guard of Henry II of France (b. 1530) * June 27 –

Giorgio Vasari Giorgio Vasari (30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574) was an Italian Renaissance painter, architect, art historian, and biographer who is best known for his work ''Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects'', considered the ideol ...

, Italian painter and architect (b. 1511) * July 26 – Birgitte Gøye, Danish county administrator, lady in waiting, landholder and educator (b. 1511) *

August 23 Events Pre-1600 * 30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Ca ...

– Ebussuud Efendi, Ottoman Grand Mufti (b. 1490) * August 27 – Bartolomeo Eustachi, Italian anatomist * September 1 – Louis, Count of Stolberg, German noble (b. 1505) *

September 4 Events Pre-1600 * 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus Fall of the Western Roman Empire, ending the Western Roman Empire. * 626 – Li Shimin, Posthumous name, posthumously known as ...

– Charles de Mornay, Swedish (originally French) court official, diplomat and royal favorite (b. 1514) * September 15 – Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry (b. 1523) * September 17 – Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Spanish admiral and explorer (b. 1519) * September 26 – Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst, Abbess of Gernrode and Frose, Countess of Barby-Mühlingen (b. 1545) * September 28 – Guidobaldo II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, Italian condottiero (b. 1514) * October 1 –

Maarten van Heemskerck Maarten van Heemskerck (born Maerten Jacobsz van Veen; 1 June 1498 – 1 October 1574), also known as Marten Jacobsz Heemskerk van Veen, was a Dutch portrait and religious painter, who spent most of his career in Haarlem. He was a pupil of Jan ...

, Dutch painter (b. 1498) * November 23 – John III, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken, German noble (b. 1511) * November 28 – Georg Major, German Protestant theologian (b. 1502) * December 4 – Georg Joachim Rheticus, German mathematician and cartographer (b. 1514) * December 12 – Selim II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1524) * December 25 – Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine (b. 1524) * ''date unknown'' ** Hans Eworth, Flemish painter (b. 1520) ** Martin de Goiti, Spanish conquistador

References

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