The 14th century lasted from 1 January 1301 (represented by the

Roman numerals Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers are written with combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet, eac ...

MCCCI) to 31 December

1400 Year 1400 ( MCD) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. The year 1400 was not a leap year in the Proleptic Gregorian calendar, it was a common year starting on Wednesday. Events January–March * January 4 ...

(MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

and the

Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires, largest contiguous empire in human history, history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Euro ...

West Africa West Africa, also known as Western Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations geoscheme for Africa#Western Africa, United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Gha ...

experienced economic growth and prosperity. In

, the

Black Death The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the list of epidemics, most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as people perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. ...

claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the

Kingdom of England The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the late 9th century, when it was unified from various Heptarchy, Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland to f ...

and the

Kingdom of France The Kingdom of France is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the Middle Ages, medieval and Early modern France, early modern period. It was one of the most powerful states in Europe from th ...

fought in the protracted

Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War (; 1337–1453) was a conflict between the kingdoms of Kingdom of England, England and Kingdom of France, France and a civil war in France during the Late Middle Ages. It emerged from feudal disputes over the Duchy ...

after the death of King

Charles IV of France Charles IV (18/19 June 1294 – 1 February 1328), called the Fair (''le Bel'') in France and the Bald (''el Calvo'') in Navarre, was the last king of the direct line of the House of Capet, List of French monarchs, King of France and List of Nav ...

led to a claim to the French throne by King

Edward III of England Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after t ...

. This period is considered the height of

chivalry Chivalry, or the chivalric language, is an informal and varying code of conduct that developed in Europe between 1170 and 1220. It is associated with the medieval Christianity, Christian institution of knighthood, with knights being members of ...

and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the

Italian Renaissance The Italian Renaissance ( ) was a period in History of Italy, Italian history between the 14th and 16th centuries. The period is known for the initial development of the broader Renaissance culture that spread across Western Europe and marked t ...

and the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

. In

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

Tamerlane Timur, also known as Tamerlane (1320s17/18 February 1405), was a Turco-Mongol tradition, Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timuri ...

(Timur), established the

Timurid Empire The Timurid Empire was a late medieval, culturally Persianate, Turco-Mongol empire that dominated Greater Iran in the early 15th century, comprising modern-day Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, the South Caucasus, and parts of co ...

, history's third largest empire to have been ever established by a single conqueror. Scholars estimate that Timur's military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people, amounting to about 5% of the world population at the time. Synchronously, the

Timurid Renaissance The Timurid Renaissance was a historical period in Asian history, Asian and Islamic history spanning the late 14th, the 15th, and the early 16th centuries. Following the Islamic Golden Age, the Timurid Empire, based in Central Asia and ruled by ...

emerged. In the

Arab world The Arab world ( '), formally the Arab homeland ( '), also known as the Arab nation ( '), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in West Asia and North Africa. While the majority of people in ...

, historian and political scientist

Ibn Khaldun Ibn Khaldun (27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732–808 Hijri year, AH) was an Arabs, Arab Islamic scholar, historian, philosopher and sociologist. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest social scientists of the Middle Ages, and cons ...

and explorer

Ibn Battuta Ibn Battuta (; 24 February 13041368/1369), was a Maghrebi traveller, explorer and scholar. Over a period of 30 years from 1325 to 1354, he visited much of Africa, the Middle East, Asia and the Iberian Peninsula. Near the end of his life, Ibn ...

made significant contributions. In India, the

Bengal Sultanate The Bengal Sultanate (Middle Bengali: , Classical Persian: ) was a Post-classical history, late medieval sultanate based in the Bengal region in the eastern South Asia between the 14th and 16th century. It was the dominant power of the Ganges- ...

separated from the

Delhi Sultanate The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a Medieval India, late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for more than three centuries.

, a major

trading nation A trading nation (also known as a trade-dependent economy, or an export-oriented economy) is a country where international trade makes up a large percentage of its economy. Smaller nations (by population) tend to be more trade-dependent than la ...

in the world. The sultanate was described by the Europeans as the richest country to trade with. The Mongol court was driven out of

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

and retreated to Mongolia, the

Ilkhanate The Ilkhanate or Il-khanate was a Mongol khanate founded in the southwestern territories of the Mongol Empire. It was ruled by the Il-Khans or Ilkhanids (), and known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (). The Ilkhanid realm was officially known ...

collapsed, the Chaghatayid dissolved and broke into two parts, and the

Golden Horde The Golden Horde, self-designated as ''Ulug Ulus'' ( in Turkic) was originally a Mongols, Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the division of ...

lost its position as a

great power A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power ...

Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the Europe, European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural and socio-economic connotations. Its eastern boundary is marked by the Ural Mountain ...

. In

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

, the wealthy

Mali Empire The Mali Empire (Manding languages, Manding: ''Mandé''Ki-Zerbo, Joseph: ''UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV, Abridged Edition: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century'', p. 57. University of California Press, 1997. or ''Manden ...

, a huge producer of gold, reached its territorial and economic height under the reign of Mansa

Musa I of Mali Mansa Musa (reigned ) was the ninth '' Mansa'' of the Mali Empire, which reached its territorial peak during his reign. Musa's reign is often regarded as the zenith of Mali's power and prestige, although he features less in Mandinka oral tradit ...

, the wealthiest individual of medieval times, and perhaps the wealthiest ever.Thad Morgan
"This 14th-Century African Emperor Remains the Richest Person in History"
, ''History.com,'' March 19, 2018 In the

Americas The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.''Webster's New World College Dictionary'', 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. When viewed as a sing ...

, the

Mexica The Mexica (Nahuatl: ; singular ) are a Nahuatl-speaking people of the Valley of Mexico who were the rulers of the Triple Alliance, more commonly referred to as the Aztec Empire. The Mexica established Tenochtitlan, a settlement on an island ...

founded the city of

Tenochtitlan , also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan, was a large Mexican in what is now the historic center of Mexico City. The exact date of the founding of the city is unclear, but the date 13 March 1325 was chosen in 1925 to celebrate the 600th annivers ...

, while the Mississippian mound city of

Cahokia Cahokia Mounds ( 11 MS 2) is the site of a Native American city (which existed 1050–1350 CE) directly across the Mississippi River from present-day St. Louis. The state archaeology park lies in south-western Illinois between East St. L ...

was abandoned.

1301–1309

* The

Little Ice Age The Little Ice Age (LIA) was a period of regional cooling, particularly pronounced in the North Atlantic region. It was not a true ice age of global extent. The term was introduced into scientific literature by François E. Matthes in 1939. Mat ...

was a period of widespread cooling which, while conventionally defined as extending from around the 16th to the 19th centuries, is dated by some experts to a timespan from about 1300 to about 1850, during which average global temperatures dropped by as much as , particularly in Europe and North America. This created conditions for a shortened growing season and reduced crop yields that led to the famines in those areas. * 1305– 1314: The

Trials of the Knights Templar The downfall of the Knights Templar was initiated by King Philip IV of France. Philip, who was heavily in debt due to his lavish policies and military endeavours, saw the Templars as a way of alleviating his financial hardship and at the same t ...

. The

Knights Templar The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, mainly known as the Knights Templar, was a Military order (religious society), military order of the Catholic Church, Catholic faith, and one of the most important military ord ...

arrested and tried.

Jacques de Molay Jacques de Molay (; 1240–1250 – 11 or 18 March 1314), also spelled "Molai",Demurger, pp. 1–4. "So no conclusive decision can be reached, and we must stay in the realm of approximations, confining ourselves to placing Molay's date of birth ...

, the last grand master of the Templars, is executed in 1314. *

1309 Year 1309 (Roman numerals, MCCCIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events January – March * January 6 – The coronation of Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry of Luxemburg as "King of the Romans" ...

: King Jayanegara succeeds Kertarajasa Jayawardhana as ruler of

Majapahit Majapahit (; (eastern and central dialect) or (western dialect)), also known as Wilwatikta (; ), was a Javanese people, Javanese Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist thalassocracy, thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia based on the island o ...

.Ricklefs (1991), page 18 * 1309–

1377 Year 1377 ( MCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January – Battle of Đồ Bàn: Trần Duệ Tông, Trần dynasty Emperor of Đại Việt (Vietnam), is kille ...

: The

Avignon papacy The Avignon Papacy (; ) was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon (at the time within the Kingdom of Arles, part of the Holy Roman Empire, now part of France) rather than in Rome (now the capital of ...

transfers the seat of the Popes from

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

1310s The 1310s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1310, and ended on December 31, 1319. Significant people * Louis the Bavarian * Wang Zhen (inventor) References {{DEFAULTSORT:1310s ...

* The

Great Famine of 1315–1317 The Great Famine of 1315–1317 (occasionally dated 1315–1322) was the first of a series of large-scale crises that struck parts of Europe early in the 14th century. Most of Europe (extending east to Poland and south to the Alps) was affected ...

kills millions of people in

. * 1318– 1330: An

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, a Romance ethnic group related to or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance languag ...

Franciscan friar, Mattiussi, visited Sumatra, Java, and

Banjarmasin Banjarmasin is the largest city in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It was the capital of the province until 15 February 2022. The city is located on a delta island near the junction of the Barito and Martapura rivers. Historically the centre of t ...

in Borneo. In his record he described the kingdom of

1320s

* 1320:

Władysław I the Elbow-high Władysław is a Polish given male name, cognate with Vladislav. The feminine form is Władysława, archaic forms are Włodzisław (male) and Włodzisława (female), and Wladislaw is a variation. These names may refer to: People Mononym * Włodzis ...

is crowned

King of Poland Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of Royal elections in Poland, free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electab ...

which leads to its later unification. * 1321:

Dante Alighieri Dante Alighieri (; most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri; – September 14, 1321), widely known mononymously as Dante, was an Italian Italian poetry, poet, writer, and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', originally called ...

Divine Comedy The ''Divine Comedy'' (, ) is an Italian narrative poetry, narrative poem by Dante Alighieri, begun and completed around 1321, shortly before the author's death. It is widely considered the pre-eminent work in Italian literature and one of ...

* 1323: Malietoafaiga ordered cannibalism to be abolished in

Tutuila Tutuila is the largest and most populous island of American Samoa and is part of the archipelago of the Samoan Islands. It is the third largest island in the Samoan Islands chain of the Central Pacific. It is located roughly northeast of Brisba ...

(present-day

American Samoa American Samoa is an Territories of the United States, unincorporated and unorganized territory of the United States located in the Polynesia region of the Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean. Centered on , it is southeast of the island count ...

). * 1325: Forced out of previous habitations, the

found the city of

. *

1327 Year 1327 ( MCCCXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. Events January – March * January 13 – In Spain, Marinid Prince Uthman ibn Abi al-Ula, who started an uprising the year before against the Em ...

: Tver Uprising against the

. *

1328 Year 1328 ( MCCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events * January 17 – Louis the Bavarian is crowned Emperor at Rome's St. Peter's Basilica. Being excommunicated by the Pope, the ceremony is carried ...

: Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi succeeds Jayanegara as ruler of Majapahit. * 1328– 1333:

Wang Dayuan Wang Dayuan (, fl. 1311–1350), courtesy name Huanzhang (), was a Chinese traveller from Jiangxi in the 14th century. He is known for his two major ship voyages. Wang Dayuan was born around 1311 at Hongzhou (present-day Nanchang). During 1328� ...

, a traveller from

Quanzhou Quanzhou is a prefecture-level city, prefecture-level port city on the north bank of the Jin River, beside the Taiwan Strait in southern Fujian, China, People's Republic of China. It is Fujian's largest most populous metropolitan region, wi ...

during the

Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty ( ; zh, c=元朝, p=Yuáncháo), officially the Great Yuan (; Mongolian language, Mongolian: , , literally 'Great Yuan State'), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after Div ...

, visited

Luzon Luzon ( , ) is the largest and most populous List of islands in the Philippines, island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the List of islands of the Philippines, Philippine archipelago, it is the economic and political ce ...

Mindanao Mindanao ( ) is the List of islands of the Philippines, second-largest island in the Philippines, after Luzon, and List of islands by population, seventh-most populous island in the world. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, the ...

in the

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

, many places in

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Mainland Au ...

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...

and

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

, and reached Dhofar and

Aden Aden () is a port city located in Yemen in the southern part of the Arabian peninsula, on the north coast of the Gulf of Aden, positioned near the eastern approach to the Red Sea. It is situated approximately 170 km (110 mi) east of ...

1330s

1331 Year 1331 ( MCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events September–December * September 8 – Stefan Dušan declares himself king of Serbia. * September 27 – Battle of Płowce: The German ...

– 1333: The Genkō War in

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

deposes the

Kamakura Shogunate The was the feudal military government of Japan during the Kamakura period from 1185 to 1333. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Kamakura-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 459. The Kamakura shogunate was established by Minamoto no Yori ...

, ending the

Kamakura Period The is a period of History of Japan, Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate, officially established in 1192 in Kamakura, Kanagawa, Kamakura by the first ''shōgun'' Minamoto no Yoritomo after the conclusion of the G ...

and beginning the

Kenmu Restoration The was a three-year period of Imperial rule in Japanese history between the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period from 1333 to 1336. The Kenmu Restoration was an effort made by Emperor Go-Daigo to overthrow the ruling Kamakura Shogunate ...

under Emperor Go-Daigo. * 1335: The death of the Ilkhan Abu Said causes the disintegration of the Mongol rule in Persia. * 1336: The

Vijayanagara Empire The Vijayanagara Empire, also known as the Karnata Kingdom, was a late medieval Hinduism, Hindu empire that ruled much of southern India. It was established in 1336 by the brothers Harihara I and Bukka Raya I of the Sangama dynasty, belongi ...

is founded in

South India South India, also known as Southern India or Peninsular India, is the southern part of the Deccan Peninsula in India encompassing the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana as well as the union territories of ...

by Harihara I. * 1336: The

ends and the

Muromachi period The , also known as the , is a division of Japanese history running from approximately 1336 to 1573. The period marks the governance of the Muromachi or Ashikaga shogunate ( or ), which was officially established in 1338 by the first Muromachi ...

begins in

; start of the

Nanboku-chō period The , also known as the Northern and Southern Courts period, was a period in Japanese history between 1336-1392 CE, during the formative years of the Ashikaga shogunate, Muromachi (Ashikaga) shogunate. Ideologically, the two courts fought for 50 ...

. * 1337: The

begins when

lays claim to the French throne.

1340s

1343 Year 1343 ( MCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 14 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last bishop of Prague and, subsequently, the first Archbishop of P ...

– 1345: In Saint George's Night Uprising, pagan

Estonians Estonians or Estonian people () are a Finnic ethnic group native to the Baltic Sea region in Northern Europe, primarily their nation state of Estonia. Estonians primarily speak the Estonian language, a language closely related to other Finni ...

launch a last large-scale attempt to rid themselves of the non-indigenous Christian religion. * 1345– 1346: The French recruit troops and ships in

Genoa Genoa ( ; ; ) is a city in and the capital of the Italian region of Liguria, and the sixth-largest city in Italy. As of 2025, 563,947 people live within the city's administrative limits. While its metropolitan city has 818,651 inhabitan ...

, Monaco, and Nice. * 1346: English forces led by Edward III defeat a French army led by Philip VI of France in The Battle of Crécy, a major point in the Hundred Years' War which marks the rise of the longbow as a dominant weapon in Western Europe. * 1346: King Valdemar IV of Denmark sells the Duchy of Estonia (1219–1346), Duchy of Estonia to the Teutonic Order. * 1347–1351: The

kills around a third of the population of Europe. * 1347: Adityawarman moved the capital of Dharmasraya and established the kingdom of Malayupura in Pagarruyung, West Sumatra. * 1348: The 6.9-magnitude 1348 Friuli earthquake centered in Northern Italy was felt across Europe. Contemporaries linked the quake with the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages, Black Death and Great Famine, fueling fears that the Biblical Apocalypse had arrived.

1350s

* 1350: Uthong, Ramathibodi I establishes the Ayutthaya Kingdom. * 1350: Hayam Wuruk, styled Sri Rajasanagara, succeeds Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi as ruler of Majapahit; his reign is considered the empire's 'Golden Age'. Under its military commander Gajah Mada, Majapahit stretches over much of modern-day Indonesia. * 1351: The Red Turban Rebellions break out along the Huai River valley, beginning a nearly 20-year period of uprisings against the Mongol-led

. * 1353: Fa Ngum established the Lan Xang kingdom in Laos. * 1356: The Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire), Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire headed by Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor Charles IV issues the Golden Bull of 1356, establishing various constitutional aspects of the Empire, the most significant being the Prince-elector, electoral college to elect future emperors. * 1356: The Diet of the Hansa is held in Lübeck, formalising what up until then had only been a loose alliance of trading cities in northern Europe and officially founding the Hanseatic League. * 1357: Scotland retains its independence with the signing of the Treaty of Berwick (1357), Treaty of Berwick, thus ending the Wars of Scottish Independence. * 1357: In the Battle of Bubat, the Sunda Kingdom, Sundanese royal family is massacred by the Majapahit army by the order of Gajah Mada; the death toll includes Sundanese king Lingga Buana and princess Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi, who committed suicide.

1360s

* 1363: The Battle of Lake Poyang, a naval conflict between China, Chinese rebel groups led by Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang, takes place from August to October, constituting one of the Largest naval battle in history, largest naval battles in history. * 1365: The Old Javanese text ''Nagarakertagama'' is written. * 1366: Tepanec Tlatoani Acolnahuácatl accepts Acamapichtli as the first tlatoani of

for the

Empire. * 1368: The end of the Mongol-led

and the beginning of the Ming dynasty.

1370s

* 1371: The Battle of Maritsa, the Serbs are defeated by the Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, with most of Serb nobility being killed. *

: Majapahit sends a punitive expedition against Palembang in Sumatra. Palembang's prince, Parameswara (sultan), Parameswara (later Iskandar Syah) flees, eventually finding his way to Malacca and establishing it as a major international port. * 1378: The Western Schism, Great Schism of the West splits the Catholic Church, eventually leading to three simultaneous popes and not resolved until 1417. * 1378: Battle of the Vozha River between Russians and Mongols. * 1378–1382: Ciompi Revolt occurs in Florence.

1380s

* 1380: Russian principalities defeat the

at the Battle of Kulikovo. * 1381: John Wycliffe is dismissed from the University of Oxford for criticism of the Roman Catholic Church, Catholic Church, leading to the Lollardy movement in England. * 1381: Peasants' Revolt in England. * 1382: Khan Tokhtamysh captures Moscow. * 1382: Barquq rise to power to start the Burji dynasty, the Circassian Mamuluk Dynasty in Egypt. * 1385: Battle of Aljubarrota between Portugal and Crown of Castile, Castile. Portugal maintains independence. * 1385: Union of Krewo between Poland and Lithuania. * 1389: Battle of Kosovo between Serbs and Ottoman Turks; Prince Lazar, Sultan Murad I and Miloš Obilić are killed. * 1389: Wikramawardhana succeeds Sri Rajasanagara as ruler of Majapahit.

1390–1400

* 1391: Anti-Jewish pogroms spread throughout Spain and Portugal, and many thousands of Jews are massacred. * 1392: Taejo of Joseon establishes the Joseon Dynasty. * 1392: Emperor Emperor Go-Kameyama, Go-Kameyama of

abdicates in favor of rival claimant Emperor Go-Komatsu, Go-Komatsu, in order to end the

of conflict between the Northern Court, Northern and Southern Court, Southern imperial courts. * 1396: The Battle of Nicopolis, in which the Ottoman Empire defeats a large Crusades, Crusader army of knights and infantry from various Christian kingdoms including Kingdom of Hungary, Hungary, Kingdom of France, France, the Holy Roman Empire, Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy and Wallachia. * 1396: The Second Bulgarian Empire ends, with the capture of the last stronghold fortress of Vidin and its king Ivan Sratsimir by the Ottomans. * 1397: The Kalmar Union is established, uniting Norway, Sweden and Denmark into one kingdom. * 1397: Reign of Chimalpopoca begins as the third ''tlatoani'' of

. * 1399: Zhu Di launches the Jingnan campaign from Beiping (Beijing) to unseat his nephew, the Jianwen Emperor.

Undated

* Transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the

. * Crisis of the Late Middle Ages * The poet Petrarch coins the term Dark Ages (historiography), Dark Ages to describe the preceding 900 years in

, beginning with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 through to the renewal embodied in the Renaissance. * Beginning of the

, early expansion into the Balkans. * Iwan vault, Jamé Mosque of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran, is built. * Early 14th century: Kao Ninga paints ''Monk Sewing'' (attributed) in the Kamakura period (Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland Museum collection). * An account of Gautama Buddha, Buddha's life, translated earlier into Greek by Saint John of Damascus and widely circulated to Christianity, Christians as the story of Barlaam and Josaphat, became so popular that the two were venerated as saints. * Singapore emerges for the first time as an important fortified city and trading centre. * Islam reaches Terengganu, on the Malay Peninsula as evidence by the Terengganu Inscription Stone. * The Hausa people, Hausa found several city-states in the south of modern Niger. * Work begins on the Great Enclosure at Great Zimbabwe, built of non-cemented, dressed stone. Research suggests the city's population to be between less than 10,000 to 18,000 at its peak.

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

* Music of Ars nova * Foundation of the University of Cracow, University of Kraków * Chinese text the ''Huolongjing'' by Jiao Yu describes fire lances, fire arrows, Multiple rocket launcher, rocket launchers, land mines, naval mines, bombard (weapon), bombards, cannons, and hollow cast iron Round shot, cannonballs filled with gunpowder, and their use to set ablaze enemy camps * First pound lock in Europe reportedly built in Vreeswijk, Netherlands in 1373

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:14th century 14th century, 2nd millennium Centuries