14 Herculis or 14 Her is a K-type main-sequence star away in the

constellation A constellation is an area on the celestial sphere in which a group of visible stars forms Asterism (astronomy), a perceived pattern or outline, typically representing an animal, mythological subject, or inanimate object. The first constellati ...

Hercules. It is also known as HD 145675. Because of its

apparent magnitude Apparent magnitude () is a measure of the Irradiance, brightness of a star, astronomical object or other celestial objects like artificial satellites. Its value depends on its intrinsic luminosity, its distance, and any extinction (astronomy), ...

, of 6.61 the star can be very faintly seen with the

naked eye Naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual perception unaided by a magnification, magnifying, Optical telescope#Light-gathering power, light-collecting optical instrument, such as a telescope or microsc ...

. As of 2021, 14 Herculis is known to host two

exoplanet An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet outside the Solar System. The first confirmed detection of an exoplanet was in 1992 around a pulsar, and the first detection around a main-sequence star was in 1995. A different planet, first det ...

Stellar properties

14 Herculis is an orange dwarf

star A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma (physics), plasma held together by Self-gravitation, self-gravity. The List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs, nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye at night sk ...

of the spectral type K0V. The star has about 98 percent of the

mass Mass is an Intrinsic and extrinsic properties, intrinsic property of a physical body, body. It was traditionally believed to be related to the physical quantity, quantity of matter in a body, until the discovery of the atom and particle physi ...

, 97 percent of the

radius In classical geometry, a radius (: radii or radiuses) of a circle or sphere is any of the line segments from its Centre (geometry), center to its perimeter, and in more modern usage, it is also their length. The radius of a regular polygon is th ...

, and only 67 percent of the

luminosity Luminosity is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic energy per unit time, and is synonymous with the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object. In astronomy, luminosity is the total amount of electroma ...

of the Sun. The star appears to be 2.7 times as enriched with elements heavier than

hydrogen Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest and abundance of the chemical elements, most abundant chemical element in the universe, constituting about 75% of all baryon, normal matter ...

(based on its abundance of

iron Iron is a chemical element; it has symbol Fe () and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's o ...

), in comparison to the Sun. It may have been the most metal rich star known as of 2001.

Planetary system

In 1998 a planet, 14 Herculis b was discovered orbiting 14 Herculis via radial velocity. This was formally published in 2003. The planet has an eccentric orbit with a period of 4.8 years. In 2005, a possible second planet was proposed, designated 14 Herculis c. The parameters of this planet were very uncertain, but an initial analysis suggested that it was in the 4:1

resonance Resonance is a phenomenon that occurs when an object or system is subjected to an external force or vibration whose frequency matches a resonant frequency (or resonance frequency) of the system, defined as a frequency that generates a maximu ...

with the inner planet, with an orbital period of almost 19 years at an orbital distance of 6.9 AU. The existence of the planet 14 Herculis c was confirmed in 2021, along with a rough orbit determination. A 2021 study combining radial velocity and astrometry found that the planetary orbits are not coplanar, which may indicate a strong planet-planet scattering event in the past. Albeit one study using astrometry has found inclinations consistent with aligned orbits, newer research including JWST observations confirm the orbits are misaligned. The planets are strongly interacting with each other. Their inclinations and eccentricities oscillate due to these gravitational interactions. There are signs of a third candidate planet with a period of about 10 years, but this signal is most likely related to the star's magnetic activity cycle. The outer planet, 14 Herculis c, was directly imaged with the

James Webb Space Telescope The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope designed to conduct infrared astronomy. As the largest telescope in space, it is equipped with high-resolution and high-sensitivity instruments, allowing it to view objects too old, Lis ...

, re-determining its orbital elements and finding a temperature of , among the lowest known for a directly imaged planet. Its apparent brightness is fainter than expected, hinting at disequilibrium chemistry and/or water ice clouds.

Notes

References

External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:14 Herculis Herculis, 014 Hercules (constellation) 145675 079248 0614 BD+44 2549 K-type main-sequence stars Planetary systems with two confirmed planets

Stellar properties

Planetary system

See also

Notes

References

External links