Year 1308 ( MCCCVIII) was a

leap year starting on Monday A leap year starting on Monday is any year with 366 days (i.e. it includes February 29, 29 February) that begins on Monday, 1 January, and ends on Leap year starting on Tuesday, Tuesday, 31 December. Its dominical letters hence are GF. The most rec ...

of the

Julian calendar The Julian calendar is a solar calendar of 365 days in every year with an additional leap day every fourth year (without exception). The Julian calendar is still used as a religious calendar in parts of the Eastern Orthodox Church and in parts ...

Events

January – March

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...

– King

Edward II Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also known as Edward of Caernarfon or Caernarvon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. The fourth son of Edward I, Edward became the heir to the throne follo ...

marries the 13-year-old

Isabella of France Isabella of France ( – 22 August 1358), sometimes described as the She-Wolf of France (), was List of English royal consorts, Queen of England as the wife of Edward II of England, King Edward II, and ''de facto'' regent of England from 1327 ...

, daughter of King Philip IV of France ("Philip the Fair"). The marriage takes place at

Boulogne Boulogne-sur-Mer (; ; ; or ''Bononia''), often called just Boulogne (, ), is a coastal city in Hauts-de-France, Northern France. It is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Pas-de-Calais. Boul ...

and Edward leaves his friend and

favourite A favourite was the intimate companion of a ruler or other important person. In Post-classical Europe, post-classical and Early modern Europe, early-modern Europe, among other times and places, the term was used of individuals delegated signifi ...

Piers Gaveston Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall ( – 19 June 1312) was an English nobleman of Gascon origin, and the favourite of Edward II of England. At a young age, Gaveston made a good impression on King Edward I, who assigned him to the househo ...

, as

regent In a monarchy, a regent () is a person appointed to govern a state because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been dete ...

in his absence. Isabella's wardrobe indicates her wealth and style – she has dresses of

silk Silk is a natural fiber, natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be weaving, woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is most commonly produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoon (silk), c ...

velvet Velvet is a type of woven fabric with a dense, even pile (textile), pile that gives it a distinctive soft feel. Historically, velvet was typically made from silk. Modern velvet can be made from silk, linen, cotton, wool, synthetic fibers, silk ...

taffeta Taffeta (archaically spelled taffety or taffata) is a crisp, smooth, plain woven fabric made from silk, nylon, cuprammonium rayons, acetate, or polyester. The word came into Middle English via Old French and Old Italian, which borrowed the Pers ...

and cloth along with numerous furs; she has over 72 headdresses and

coif A coif () is a close fitting cap worn by both men and women that covers the top, back, and sides of the head. History Coifs date from the tenth century, but fell out of popularity with men in the fourteenth century."A New Look for Women." Arts ...

s. Isabella brings with her two gold crowns, gold and silver dinnerware and 419 yards of linen. Meanwhile, Edward alienates the nobles by placing Gaveston in such a powerful position, who react by signing the Boulogne agreement on

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on th ...

. *

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...

– Herman I the Tall Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel (and co-ruler of Brandenburg with

Otto IV Otto IV (1175 – 19 May 1218) was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1209 until his death in 1218. Otto spent most of his early life in England and France. He was a follower of his uncle Richard the Lionheart, who made him Count of Poitou in 1196 ...

), dies and is succeeded as Margrave by his son

John V John V may refer to: * Patriarch John V of Alexandria or John the Merciful (died by 620), Patriarch of Alexandria from 606 to 616 * John V of Constantinople, Patriarch from 669 to 675 * Pope John V (685–686), Pope from 685 to his death in 686 ...

. *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. * ...

– Edward II is crowned at

Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an Anglican church in the City of Westminster, London, England. Since 1066, it has been the location of the coronations of 40 English and British m ...

under the guidance of Henry Woodlock, bishop of

Winchester Winchester (, ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city in Hampshire, England. The city lies at the heart of the wider City of Winchester, a local government Districts of England, district, at the western end of the South Downs N ...

. During the ceremony, Piers Gaveston is given the honour of carrying the crown. At the banquet that followed, Edward spends more time with Gaveston than with his wife Isabella of France. Isabella's family, who have travelled with her from

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

, leave to report back to Philip IV of Edward's favouritism for Gaveston over Isabella. As part of the coronation, Edward swears an oath to uphold "the rightful laws and customs which the community of the realm shall have chosen". *

March 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem '' Shahnameh''. * 1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León. * 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between ...

– King

Denis of Portugal Denis (, ; 9 October 1261 – 7 January 1325), called the Farmer King (''Rei Lavrador'') and the Poet King (''Rei Poeta''), was King of Portugal from 1279 until his death in 1325. Dinis was the eldest son of Afonso III of Portugal by his second ...

, "the Poet King", grants

Póvoa de Varzim Póvoa de Varzim () is a Portugal, Portuguese city in Norte Region, Portugal, Northern Portugal and sub-region of Greater Porto, from its city centre. It sits in a sandy coastal plain, a cuspate foreland, halfway between the Minho River, Minho ...

a charter, the ''

Foral 200px, Foral of Castro Verde - Portugal The ''Carta de Foral'', or simply ''Foral'', was a royal document in Portugal and its former empire, whose purpose was to establish a ''concelho'' (Council) and regulate its administration, borders and priv ...

'', giving royal lands to 54 families, who found a municipality known as ''Póvoa'' around

Praça Velha Praça Velha (Old Square), formerly known as Praça (Square), was the primitive civic center and the market square of the city of Póvoa de Varzim in Portugal. It is located in Bairro da Matriz historic district and is surrounded by the main church ...

. *

March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ar ...

– Brothers Andrei Rurik and Lev II Rurik become the co-monarchs of

Ruthenia ''Ruthenia'' is an exonym, originally used in Medieval Latin, as one of several terms for Rus'. Originally, the term ''Rus' land'' referred to a triangular area, which mainly corresponds to the tribe of Polans in Dnieper Ukraine. ''Ruthenia' ...

(now part of Ukraine and Poland, with a capital at

Lviv Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...

), upon the death of their father, King

Yuri I of Galicia Yuri I of Galicia (, 24 April 1252 (1257/1262) – 18 March 1308/1315) was King of Ruthenia and Prince of Volhynia. Reign In 1264–1301, Yuri ruled as Prince of Belz. Initially a ruler of Kholm and Podlachia, after his father's death he unit ...

. The two brothers will reign until their deaths in 1323 at the Battle of Berestia against Mongol invaders.

April – June

April 15 Events Pre-1600 * 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings. * 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guisca ...

– Abu Hammu I becomes the new ruler of the

Kingdom of Tlemcen The Kingdom of Tlemcen or Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen () was a kingdom ruled by the Berber Zayyanid dynasty in what is now the northwest of Algeria. Its territory stretched from Tlemcen to the Chelif bend and Algiers, and at its zenith reached ...

after the death of his brother, Sultan Abu Zayyan I. *

May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. * 1169 & ...

– King Albrecht I of Germany, ruler of the ''Regnum Teutonicorum'' and

King of the Romans King of the Romans (; ) was the title used by the king of East Francia following his election by the princes from the reign of Henry II (1002–1024) onward. The title originally referred to any German king between his election and coronatio ...

within the Holy Roman Empire, is assassinated at Windisch in Switzerland by his nephew, John of Swabia, the day after the two had an argument at a banquet in

Winterthur Winterthur (; ) is a city in the canton of Zurich in northern Switzerland. With over 120,000 residents, it is the country's List of cities in Switzerland, sixth-largest city by population, as well as its ninth-largest agglomeration with about 14 ...

. *

May 23 Events Pre-1600 * 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction. * 1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy. *1533 – The marriage of King Henry ...

– Battle of Inverurie: Scottish forces led by King

Robert the Bruce Robert I (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce (), was King of Scots from 1306 until his death in 1329. Robert led Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland during the First War of Scottish Independence against Kingdom of Eng ...

defeat the rival Scots under

John Comyn John Comyn III of Badenoch, nicknamed the Red ( 1274 – 10 February 1306), was a leading Scottish baron and magnate who played an important role in the First War of Scottish Independence. He served as Guardian of Scotland after the forced ...

Oldmeldrum Oldmeldrum (commonly known as Meldrum) is a village and Civil parish, parish in the Formartine area of Aberdeenshire, not far from Inverurie in North East Scotland (Scottish Parliament electoral region), North East Scotland. With a population of ...

. During the battle, Robert repulses a surprise attack on his camp, and counter-attacks the Scots of Clan Comyn. John flees to seek refuge at the English court and is well received by Edward II, who appoints him as

Lord Warden of the Marches The Lord Warden of the Marches was an office in the governments of Scotland and England. The holders were responsible for the security of the border between the two nations, and often took part in military action. They were also responsible, al ...

. Meanwhile, Robert orders his forces to burn the farms, houses and strongholds associated with Clan Cumming in north-east

Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...

. The

Earldom of Buchan The Mormaer () or Earl of Buchan () was originally the provincial ruler of the medieval province of Buchan. Buchan was the first Mormaerdom in the High Medieval Kingdom of the Scots to pass into the hands of a non-Scottish family in the male l ...

will never again rise for Clan Cumming. *

June 25 Events Pre-1600 * 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce. * 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...

– Piers Gaveston is exiled for the second time by the

Parliament In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

, due to possible corruption and exploited personal gains. As compensation for the loss of the

Earldom of Cornwall The title of Earl of Cornwall was created several times in the Peerage of England before 1337, when it was superseded by the title Duke of Cornwall, which became attached to heirs-apparent to the throne. Condor of Cornwall *Condor of Cornwall, ...

, which is another condition of his exile, Gaveston is granted land worth 3,000 marks annually in

Gascony Gascony (; ) was a province of the southwestern Kingdom of France that succeeded the Duchy of Gascony (602–1453). From the 17th century until the French Revolution (1789–1799), it was part of the combined Province of Guyenne and Gascon ...

. Further to this, he is appointed

Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (), or more formally Lieutenant General and General Governor of Ireland, was the title of the chief governor of Ireland from the Williamite Wars of 1690 until the Partition of Ireland in 1922. This spanned the K ...

– so that a certain amount of honour can be maintained despite the humiliation of the exile. Gaveston is also threatened with ex-communication by

Pope Clement V Pope Clement V (; – 20 April 1314), born Raymond Bertrand de Got (also occasionally spelled ''de Guoth'' and ''de Goth''), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 5 June 1305 to his death, in April 1314. He is reme ...

. Edward II accompanies him to

Bristol Bristol () is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, the most populous city in the region. Built around the River Avon, Bristol, River Avon, it is bordered by t ...

, from where he sets sail for

Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...

. *

June 28 Events Pre-1600 *1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha, Kerbogha of Mosul at the Battle of Antioch (1098), battle of Antioch. *1360 – Muhammed VI, Sultan of Granada, Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid dynasty, Nas ...

– After 138 members of the

Knights Templar The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, mainly known as the Knights Templar, was a Military order (religious society), military order of the Catholic Church, Catholic faith, and one of the most important military ord ...

were convicted of heresy on October 19, 1307, a trial is held for 54 Templars who testify before

, with most confessing to at least one charge.

July – September

July 2 This date marks the halfway point of the year. In common years, the midpoint of the year occurs at noon on this date, while in leap years, it occurs at midnight (start of the day). Events Pre-1600 * 437 – Emperor Valentinian III begin ...

–

Alauddin Khalji Alauddin Khalji (; ), born Ali Gurshasp, was a ruler from the Khalji dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate in the Indian subcontinent. Alauddin instituted a number of significant administrative changes in the Delhi Sultanate, related to revenue ...

Sultan of Delhi The Sultan of Delhi was the absolute monarch of the Delhi Sultanate which stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent during the period of medieval era, for 320 years (1206–1526).Siwana Siwana is a Municipality & Tehsil in Balotra district in Indian state of Rajasthan, located 151 km from Barmer. The place is known for its fort which is locally known as Gadh Siwana, Gadh means Fort. Siwana contains 130 villages and has a ...

(now in the

Rajasthan Rajasthan (; Literal translation, lit. 'Land of Kings') is a States and union territories of India, state in northwestern India. It covers or 10.4 per cent of India's total geographical area. It is the List of states and union territories of ...

state) to begin the

siege of Siwana In 1308, the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji captured the Siwana fort located in present-day Rajasthan, India. Alauddin's forces had been besieging the fort for several past years, but had been unsuccessful in capturing it. In August� ...

, which is completed in September.Kishori Saran Lal, ''History of the Khaljis (1290-1320)'' (The Indian Press, 1950) p.135 *

July 28 Events Pre-1600 *1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. *1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard. *1571 – La Laguna encomienda, known t ...

– Abu Thabit 'Amir dies and is succeeded by his brother Abu al-Rabi Sulayman as ruler of the

Marinid Sultanate The Marinid dynasty ( ) was a Berbers, Berber Muslim dynasty that controlled present-day Morocco from the mid-13th to the 15th century and intermittently controlled other parts of North Africa (Algeria and Tunisia) and of the southern Iberian P ...

. *

July 30 Events Pre-1600 * 762 – Baghdad is founded. * 1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council. * 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay I ...

–

Chungseon of Goryeo Chungseon (20 October 1275 – 23 June 1325), born Wang Wŏn (), later changed his name to Wang Chang (), also known by his Mongolian name Ijir Bukhqa (益知禮普花), was the 26th ruler of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. He reigned in 1298, ...

becomes the King of Korea for the second time, after the death of his father, King Chungnyeol of Korea. Chungseon had ruled for a few months in 1298 during the illness of his father. *

August 11 Events Pre-1600 * 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. * 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and foun ...

–

grants the Knights Hospitaller permission to begin the Crusade of the Poor. *

August 12 Events Pre-1600 *1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade. * 1121 – Bat ...

–

publishes the

papal bull A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent, or charter issued by the pope of the Catholic Church. It is named after the leaden Seal (emblem), seal (''bulla (seal), bulla'') traditionally appended to authenticate it. History Papal ...

'' Faciens Misericordiam'' ("The granting of forgiveness"), absolving the

from charges of heresy and declaring that the Roman Catholic Church, rather than any individual nation, will be in charge of future charges against the Knights.Barbara Frale, and Umberto Eco, ''The Templars: The Secret History Revealed'' (translation of ''Il papato e il processo ai templari'') (Arcade Publishing, 2009) p. 168 On the same day, he issues the bull ''

Regnans in coelis The Council of Vienne was the fifteenth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church and met between 1311 and 1312 in Vienne, France. This occurred during the Avignon Papacy and was the only ecumenical council to be held in the Kingdom of France ...

'', summoning what will become the

Council of Vienne The Council of Vienne was the fifteenth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church and met between 1311 and 1312 in Vienne, France. This occurred during the Avignon Papacy and was the only ecumenical council to be held in the Kingdom of France ...

in 1311. *

August 14 Events Pre-1600 * 74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan. * 29 BC – Octavian ...

– King Ananta Malla of

Nepal Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China Ch ...

dies after a reign of 34 years, leaving the Himalayan Mountains kingdom without a monarch for five years. *

August 15 Events Pre-1600 * 636 – Arab–Byzantine wars: The Battle of Yarmouk between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate begins. * 717 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik begins the Second Arab Siege of Consta ...

– The Knights Hospitaller complete the conquest of the Greek island of Rhodes after four years. *

August 20 Events Pre-1600 *AD 14 – Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is mysteriously executed by his guards while in exile. * 636 – Battle of Yarmouk: Arabs, Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take c ...

– The Chinon Parchment is written by French Cardinal Berengar Fredol the Elder, summarizing the results of the investigations of Fredol and the two other Cardinals of their disposition of the Knights Templar charges. The parchment is then put in the Vatican Apostolic Archive and will remain undiscovered for almost seven centuries before being rediscovered by Barbara Frale. *

August 31 Events Pre-1600 * 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty. * 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one ye ...

– (Tokuji 3, 15th day of the 8th month of Tokuji 3) Prince Morikuni becomes the ninth, and last, shogun of the

Kamakura bakufu The was the Japanese feudalism, feudal military government of Japan during the Kamakura period from 1185 to 1333.Louis-Frédéric, Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Kamakura-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 459. The Kamakura shogunate ...

. *

September 10 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. * 1089 – The first synod of pope Urban II starts in Melfi, with seventy bishops and twelve abbots in attendance. The synod issues several decree ...

– (Tokuji 3, 25th day of the 8th month) At the age of 11, Hanazono becomes the 95th

Emperor of Japan The emperor of Japan is the hereditary monarch and head of state of Japan. The emperor is defined by the Constitution of Japan as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, his position deriving from "the will of ...

upon the death of his cousin, the

Emperor Go-Nijō was the 94th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He reigned from 1301 to his death in 1308. This 14th-century sovereign was named after the 12th-century Emperor Nijō, and ''go-'' (後), translates literally as ...

. Emperor Hanazono will rule until

1348 Year 1348 (Roman numerals, MCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1348th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 348th year of the 2nd millennium, the 48th year of the 14th centu ...

. *

September September is the ninth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 30 days. September in the Northern Hemisphere and March in the Southern Hemisphere are seasonally equivalent. In the Northern hemisphere, the b ...

–

Siege of Siwana In 1308, the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji captured the Siwana fort located in present-day Rajasthan, India. Alauddin's forces had been besieging the fort for several past years, but had been unsuccessful in capturing it. In August� ...

: Delhi forces under

capture the

Siwana Siwana is a Municipality & Tehsil in Balotra district in Indian state of Rajasthan, located 151 km from Barmer. The place is known for its fort which is locally known as Gadh Siwana, Gadh means Fort. Siwana contains 130 villages and has a ...

fortress after a two-month siege. During the siege, Alauddin defiles the main water tank of Siwana (by a traitor) with cows' blood.

October – December

October 5 Events Pre-1600 * 610 – Heraclius arrives at Constantinople, kills Byzantine Emperor Phocas, and becomes emperor. * 816 – King Louis the Pious is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by the Pope. * 869 – The Fourth Co ...

– Guy II de la Roche, Duchy of Athens, dies at the age of 28, bringing an end to the de la Roche dynasty. He is succeeded by his cousin, Walter V, Count of Brienne. * October 20 – The English Parliament begins its fourth session of the reign of King Edward II and meets at Westminster. * November 10 – After the fall of Siege of Siwana, the fortress of Siwana in India, Prince Sital Deva is ambushed while trying to flee to safety at Jalor. The soldiers decapitate Sital and present his head as a trophy to the Delhi Sultan, Alauddin. * November 13 – The Teutonic Order, Teutonic Knights capture Gdańsk by treachery – while a Brandenburger force of 100 knights and 200 followers led by Heinrich von Plötzke and Günther von Schwarzburg lay siege to the city. The garrison of Gdańsk castle is too weak to defend itself against the Brandenburgers. Meanwhile, the Polish ruler of Gdańsk Pomerania, Władysław I Łokietek ("Wladyslaw the Elbow-High"), is unable to send reinforcements. The citizens call upon the Teutonic Knights for military help and offer to pay their costs. The arrival of the knights, lead the Brandenburgers to beat a hasty retreat. In an act of supreme treachery, the Teutonic Knights attack the city they have come to save. The houses of both Polish and German are burnt and destroyed. Many people are slaughtered without mercy, including women and children who have sought sanctuary in churches. Within a year, the German Crusaders occupy the whole of Pomerania, Eastern Pomerania and consolidate their power at the Baltic Sea. * November 22 – The coronation of the Emperor Hanazono of Japan takes place at Edo. * November 27 ** Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry VII County of Luxemburg, Count of Luxemburg, is elected the new Holy Roman Emperor at Frankfurt. The election comes with the support of his brother Baldwin of Luxembourg, Baldwin, Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier, Archbishop of Trier, who wins over most of the electors, in exchange for some substantial concessions. The only elector who does not support Henry of Luxemburg is Henry of Bohemia. ** On the same day, Hungarian nobles formally elect the 20-year-old Charles I of Hungary, Charles Robert of Salerno as King of Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526), Hungary and Croatia in personal union with Hungary, Croatia in the Hungarian city of Pest, Hungary, Pest (now part of Budapest). He becomes Charles I, but his rule remains nominal in most parts of the realm after he is crowned. * December 16 – Trần Anh Tông, Tran Anh Tong becomes the new Đại Việt, Emperor of Dai Viet (corresponding to northern Vietnam) upon the death of his father, Trần Nhân Tông, Tran Nhan Tong. * December 19 – Ferdinand IV of Castile#Treaty of Alcalá de Henares (1308), Treaty of Alcalá de Henares: King Ferdinand IV of Castile and King James II of Aragon sign an alliance in the Monastery of Santa María de Huerta. Ferdinand agrees to join James in making war by sea and by land against Emirate of Granada, Granada. He also promises to give up one-sixth of Granada to Kingdom of Aragon, Aragon, and grants him the Province of Almería. * December – King Władysław I Łokietek of Poland imprisons Jan Muskata, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kraków, Bishop of Kraków. In response, Polish and German citizens revolt against his rule in Kraków (as in all Poland's cities at this time). Władysław in a delicate position responds with force and arrests the revolt's leaders. He ties them to horses and drags them through the city streets.

By place

Europe

* Sultan Mesud II, Seljuk vassal of the Mongol Ilkhanate, is murdered after a 5-year reign. During his rule, he exercises no real authority and becomes the last ruler. Ending the Sultanate of Rum after 230 years. * King Philip IV of France purchases Rue de Nesle, Hôtel de Nesle in Paris and builds one of the earliest indoor tennis courts there.

Scotland

* Summer – Battle of the Pass of Brander: Scottish forces under King Robert the Bruce defeat the rival Scots of the Clan MacDougall, kinsmen of John Comyn III of Badenoch, John Comyn the Red . During the battle, Robert orders to bypass the Pass of Brander. He sends James Douglas, Lord of Douglas, James Douglas the Black) with a party of archers to take up positions above the pass to avoid an ambush. Robert breaks through the MacDougalls blockade and defeats them at the Bridge of Awe. The MacDougalls are chased westwards across the River Awe to Dunbeg, Dunstaffnage. The Lord of Argyll surrenders and does homage to Robert. * The harrying of Buchan takes places as Scottish forces under Edward Bruce devastate the lands of John Comyn, and his supporters following the victory at Inverurie. Meanwhile, Robert the Bruce takes Aberdeen, conquers Galloway and threatens northern Scotland.

Asia

* Summer – Delhi forces led by Malik Kafur invade the Seuna (Yadava) dynasty, Yadava Kingdom under King Ramachandra of Devagiri, Ramachandra, who shelters the fugitive Vaghela king Karna (Vaghela dynasty), Karna. Ramachandra sues for peace and acknowledges Delhi's overlordship.Abraham Eraly (2015). ''The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate'', p. 178. Penguin Books. .

By topic

Literature

* Dante Alighieri begins work on his ''Divine Comedy'', comprising Inferno (Dante), ''Inferno'', ''Purgatorio'' and Paradiso (Dante), ''Paradiso''. It is one of the most influential works of the European Middle Ages (approximate date).

Births

– Prince Moriyoshi, Moriyoshi, Japanese Nobility, nobleman and prince (d. 1335) * Orcagna, Andrea Orcagna, Italian painter, sculptor and architect (d. 1368) * Gaston II, Count of Foix, Gaston II, French nobleman and knight (Count of Foix, House of Foix) (d. 1343) * Joan III, Countess of Burgundy, Joan III of Burgundy, French noblewoman and princess (d. 1347) * Princess Joguk, Joguk (or "Borjigin Jintong"), queen consort of Goryeo (d. 1325) * Longchenpa, Tibetan Buddhist scholar-yogi and writer (d. 1364)

Deaths

* January 30 – Margaret of Antioch-Lusignan, Margaret of Tyre, Outremer noblewoman (b. 1244) *

– Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel, Herman the Tall, German nobleman (b. 1275) *

–

, king of

(Rurik dynasty, House of Rurik) * April 5 ** Ivan Kőszegi, Hungarian nobleman and palatine (b. 1245) ** Reginald de Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Wilton, Reginald de Grey, English nobleman and knight (b. 1240) *

– Albert I of Germany, Albert I, German nobleman, pretender and king (b. 1255) * May 22 – Amadeus II of Geneva, Amadeus II, Burgundian nobleman (County of Geneva, House of Geneva) * July 4 – Eberhard I, Count of the Mark, Eberhard I, German nobleman (House of La Marck) *

– Abu Thabit 'Amir, Marinid ruler of Morocco (b. 1284) *

– Chungnyeol of Goryeo, Chungnyeol, Korean ruler (Family tree of Korean monarchs#Goryeo, House of Wang) (b. 1236) *

– Edmund Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford, Edmund Stafford, English nobleman and Peerages in the United Kingdom, Peerage * August 18 – Clare of Montefalco, Italian nun and abbess (b. 1268) * September 4 – Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of Sicily, Margaret of Burgundy, queen of Kingdom of Sicily, Sicily (b. 1250) *

– Emperor Go-Nijō, Go-Nijō, Japanese emperor (b. 1285) *

– Guy II de la Roche, Guy II, Latin nobleman (De la Roche family, House de la Roche) (b. 1280) * October 10 – Patrick IV, Earl of March, Patrick IV de Dunbar, Scottish nobleman (b. 1242) * November 8 – Duns Scotus, John Duns Scotus, Scottish priest and philosopher * December 16 – Trần Nhân Tông, Tran Nhan Tong, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1258) * December 21 – Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse (Henry the Child), German nobleman (b. 1244)

References

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