Year 1230 ( MCCXXX) was a

common year starting on Tuesday A common year starting on Tuesday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Tuesday, 1 January, and ends on Tuesday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is F. The most recent year of such kind was 2019, and the next one wi ...

of the

Julian calendar The Julian calendar is a solar calendar of 365 days in every year with an additional leap day every fourth year (without exception). The Julian calendar is still used as a religious calendar in parts of the Eastern Orthodox Church and in parts ...

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

March 9 Events Pre-1600 *141 BC – Liu Che, Posthumous name, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. *1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the Annals of Quedlinburg, annals of the mo ...

–

Battle of Klokotnitsa The Battle of Klokotnitsa (, ''Bitkata pri Klokotnitsa'') occurred on 9 March 1230 near the village of Klokotnitsa (Haskovo), Klokotnitsa (today in Haskovo Province, Bulgaria) between the Second Bulgarian Empire and the Empire of Thessalonica. ...

: Byzantine forces under Theodore Komnenos (Doukas) invade

Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...

, breaking the peace treaty with Tsar

Ivan Asen II Ivan Asen II, also known as John Asen II (, ; 1190s – May/June 1241), was Emperor (Tsar) of Second Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria from 1218 to 1241. He was still a child when his father Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria, Ivan Asen I one of the founders of th ...

. Theodore gathers a large army, including western mercenaries. The two armies meet near the village of Klokotnitsa. Ivan applies clever tactics and manages to surround the Byzantines. They are completely defeated, only a small force under Theodore's brother Manuel Doukas manages to escape the battlefield. Theodore is taken prisoner and is blinded. In the aftermath, Ivan quickly extends its control over most of Theodore's domains in

Thrace Thrace (, ; ; ; ) is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe roughly corresponding to the province of Thrace in the Roman Empire. Bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south, and the Black Se ...

, Macedonia and

Albania Albania ( ; or ), officially the Republic of Albania (), is a country in Southeast Europe. It is located in the Balkans, on the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea, and shares land borders with Montenegro to ...

. The Latin Duchy of Philippopolis and the independent principality of Alexius Slav are also captured and annexed into Bulgaria.

Europe

* King Alfonso IX defeats Ibn Hud al-Yamani (known as Almogàver by the Christians). This success opens the road to

Badajoz Badajoz is the capital of the Province of Badajoz in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. It is situated close to the Portugal, Portuguese Portugal–Spain border, border, on the left bank of the river ...

to the Leonese troops. The Portuguese king Sancho II continues his offensive southward and takes Beja, Juromenha, Serpa and Moura. * August – Treaty of Ceprano: Emperor Frederick II returns from the

Sixth Crusade The Sixth Crusade (1228–1229), also known as the Crusade of Frederick II, was a military expedition to recapture Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land. It began seven years after the failure of the Fifth Crusade and involved very little actua ...

and signs a peace agreement with Pope

Gregory IX Pope Gregory IX (; born Ugolino di Conti; 1145 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and the ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the '' Decretales'' and instituting the P ...

Ceprano Ceprano (Central-Northern Latian dialect: ) is a ''comune'' in the province of Frosinone, in the Valle Latina, part of the Lazio region of Central Italy. It is south of Rome and about north of Naples. In 1994, the Ceprano Man, a 450,000 year o ...

. He agrees not to violate any territories held by the

Papal States The Papal States ( ; ; ), officially the State of the Church, were a conglomeration of territories on the Italian peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope from 756 to 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from the 8th c ...

in return for Frederick's concessions in

Sicily Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy, regions of Italy. With 4. ...

. * Frederick II bestows on the

Teutonic Order The Teutonic Order is a religious order (Catholic), Catholic religious institution founded as a military order (religious society), military society in Acre, Israel, Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Order of Brothers of the German House of Sa ...

a special privilege for the conquest of

Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...

, including Chełmno Land, with papal sovereignty. He allows the Teutonic Knights to forcibly convert the Prussians to

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion, which states that Jesus in Christianity, Jesus is the Son of God (Christianity), Son of God and Resurrection of Jesus, rose from the dead after his Crucifixion of Jesus, crucifixion, whose ...

. *

September 24 Events Pre-1600 *AD 787, 787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia. *1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ul� ...

– Alfonso IX dies after a 42-year reign and is succeeded by his son Ferdinand III. He receives the

Kingdom of León The Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. It was founded in 910 when the Christian princes of Kingdom of Asturias, Asturias along the Bay of Biscay, northern coast of the peninsula ...

, in return for compensation in cash and lands for his half-sisters Sancha and Dulce. * Siege of Galway: Norman forces under Richard Mór de Burgh invade

Connacht Connacht or Connaught ( ; or ), is the smallest of the four provinces of Ireland, situated in the west of Ireland. Until the ninth century it consisted of several independent major Gaelic kingdoms (Uí Fiachrach, Uí Briúin, Uí Maine, C ...

and desolate a large portion of the country. He besieges

Galway Galway ( ; , ) is a City status in Ireland, city in (and the county town of) County Galway. It lies on the River Corrib between Lough Corrib and Galway Bay. It is the most populous settlement in the province of Connacht, the List of settleme ...

, but is forced to retreat after a week-long inconclusive battle.

England

April 30 Events Pre-1600 * 311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends. * 1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois. *1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus ...

– English invasion of France: King Henry III embarks from

Portsmouth Portsmouth ( ) is a port city status in the United Kingdom, city and unitary authority in Hampshire, England. Most of Portsmouth is located on Portsea Island, off the south coast of England in the Solent, making Portsmouth the only city in En ...

with a large expeditionary force. On

May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first royal charter. * 1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and impris ...

, he arrives at

Guernsey Guernsey ( ; Guernésiais: ''Guernési''; ) is the second-largest island in the Channel Islands, located west of the Cotentin Peninsula, Normandy. It is the largest island in the Bailiwick of Guernsey, which includes five other inhabited isl ...

, and the next day the English army lands at

Saint-Malo Saint-Malo (, , ; Gallo language, Gallo: ; ) is a historic French port in Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany (administrative region), Brittany. The Fortification, walled city on the English Channel coast had a long history of piracy, earning much wealth ...

, where Peter I (or de Dreux), duke of

Brittany Brittany ( ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the north-west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica in Roman Gaul. It became an Kingdom of Brittany, independent kingdom and then a Duch ...

, meets Henry to pay him homage. During the months, the English forces march through the

County of Anjou The County of Anjou (, ; ; ) was a French county that was the predecessor to the Duchy of Anjou. Its capital was Angers, and its area was roughly co-extensive with the diocese of Angers. Anjou was bordered by Brittany to the west, Maine, France, ...

, taking the castle of Mirebeau in late July. * October 27 – Henry III signs a truce with King Louis IX (the Saint) and returns to Portsmouth. He leaves a small force under Peter I and Ranulf de Blondeville, to act against the French in Brittany and

Normandy Normandy (; or ) is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy. Normandy comprises Normandy (administrative region), mainland Normandy (a part of France) and insular N ...

Middle East

* Battle of Yassıçemen: A Seljuk-Ayyubid coalition (some 40,000 men) defeats the Khwarazmians under Sultan Jalal al-Din Mangburni at Erzincan on the Upper-

Euphrates The Euphrates ( ; see #Etymology, below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of West Asia. Tigris–Euphrates river system, Together with the Tigris, it is one of the two defining rivers of Mesopotamia (). Originati ...

By topic

Literature

* The '' Carmina Burana'' poetry and song collection is created (approximate date).''Carmina Burana. Die Lieder der Benediktbeurer Handschrift. Zweisprachige Ausgabe,'' hg. u. übers. v. Carl Fischer und Hugo Kuhn, dtv, München 1991; wenn man dagegen z. B. CB 211 und 211a jeweils als zwei Lieder zählt, kommt man auf insgesamt 315 Texte in der Sammlung, so auch Dieter Schaller, ''Carmina Burana'', in: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Bd. 2, Artemis Verlag, München und Zürich 1983, Sp. 1513

Births

* Anna of Hohenstaufen, empress of

Nicaea Nicaea (also spelled Nicæa or Nicea, ; ), also known as Nikaia (, Attic: , Koine: ), was an ancient Greek city in the north-western Anatolian region of Bithynia. It was the site of the First and Second Councils of Nicaea (the first and seve ...

(d. 1307) * Adelaide of Holland, Dutch countess and

regent In a monarchy, a regent () is a person appointed to govern a state because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been dete ...

(d. 1284) * Bentivenga da Bentivengi, Italian cardinal (d. 1289) * Boniface VIII, pope of the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

(d. 1303) * Edmund de Lacy, English nobleman and knight (d. 1258) * Elisabeth of Brunswick, German queen consort (d. 1266) * Gottfried Hagen, German cleric and writer (d. 1299) * Guillaume de Beaujeu, French Grand Master (d. 1291) * Guillaume Durand, French bishop and writer (d. 1296) * Henry of Castile (the Senator), Spanish prince (d. 1303) * Hermann of Buxhoeveden, German bishop (d. 1285) * Hugh Aycelin, French cardinal and theologian (d. 1297) * Hu Sanxing (or Shenzhi), Chinese historian (d. 1302) * Jacobus de Voragine, Italian archbishop (d. 1298) * Leonardo Patrasso, Italian cardinal-bishop (d.

1311 Year 1311 ( MCCCXI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events January – March * January 6 – Henry VII, the future Holy Roman Emperor, is crowned King of Italy in Milan with a mock-up of the Iron crown of ...

) * Margaret Sambiria, Danish queen consort (d. 1282) * Masuccio Primo, Italian architect and sculptor (d.

1306 Year 1306 ( MCCCVI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events January – March * January 3 – Deshou Khan, the only son of Chinese Emperor Chengzong of the Yuan dynasty ( Temür Khan) dies, leaving the M ...

) * Maud de Lacy, Norman-Irish noblewoman (d. 1304) * Odo (or Eudes), French nobleman and knight (d. 1266) * Peter Quinel, English archdeacon and bishop (d. 1291) * Squarcino Borri, Italian mercenary leader (d.

1277 Year 1277 ( MCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * March 19 – Byzantine–Venetian Treaty: Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos concludes an agreement with the Re ...

) * Yaroslav III of Tver, Kievan Grand Prince (d. 1271)

Deaths

January 30 Events Pre-1600 * 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. * 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 * 1607 – An es ...

– Pelagio Galvani, Leonese cardinal (b. 1165) *

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...

– Matsudono Motofusa, Japanese nobleman *

– William de Braose (died 1230), William de Braose, English nobleman and knight * May 13 – Casimir I of Opole, Polish nobleman and knight * July 12 – Margaret, Countess of Blois, Margaret of Blois, French noblewoman (b. 1170) * July 19 –Theobald le Botiller, 2nd Chief Butler of Ireland, Theobald le Botiller, Norman nobleman (b. 1200) * July 25 – Rudolph van Coevorden, Dutch nobleman (b. 1192) * July 28 – Leopold VI, Duke of Austria, Leopold VI, German nobleman and knight (b. 1176) * July 29 – Hōjō Tokiuji, Japanese nobleman and spy (b. 1203) * August 24 – Geoffrey de Saye, English nobleman (b. 1155) * September 9 – Siegfried II (archbishop of Mainz), Siegfried II, archbishop of Electorate of Mainz, Mainz (b. 1165) *

– Alfonso IX, king of Kingdom of León, León and Kingdom of Galicia, Galicia (b. 1171) * October 25 – Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare, English nobleman (b. 1180) * November 20 – Nicola de la Haye, English noblewoman * November 24 – Matthew II of Montmorency, Matthew II, French nobleman and knight * December 15 – Ottokar I of Bohemia, German nobleman * December 23 – Berengaria of Navarre, queen of Kingdom of England, England * Al-Dakhwar, Ayyubid physician and medical officer (b. 1170) * Alfonso Téllez de Meneses el Viejo, Alfonso Téllez de Meneses (the Old), Spanish nobleman * Beatrice of Viennois, French noblewoman (b. 1160) * Demetrius of Montferrat, king of Kingdom of Thessalonica, Thessalonica (b. 1205) * Guérin de Montaigu, French nobleman and Grand Master * Hugues IV de Châteauneuf, French nobleman (b. 1185) * Ibn Hammad (historian), Ibn Hammad, Hammadid historian and writer (b. 1153) * Robert de Gresle, English landowner and knight (b. 1174) * Samuel ibn Tibbon, French rabbi, doctor and philosopher * Urraca López de Haro, queen of León (approximate date)

References

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