11th Texas Infantry Regiment
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

The 11th Texas Infantry Regiment was a unit of volunteers recruited in
Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...
that fought in the
Confederate States Army The Confederate States Army (CSA), also called the Confederate army or the Southern army, was the Military forces of the Confederate States, military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) duri ...
during the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
. The regiment organized in the winter of 1861–1862 and always served west of the
Mississippi River The Mississippi River is the main stem, primary river of the largest drainage basin in the United States. It is the second-longest river in the United States, behind only the Missouri River, Missouri. From its traditional source of Lake Ita ...
in the
Trans-Mississippi Department The Trans-Mississippi Department was a territorial department of the Confederate States Army that embraced Arkansas, Louisiana west of the Mississippi river, Texas (including what is now New Mexico and Arizona), and the Indian Territory. It w ...
. The unit was assigned to the 2nd Brigade of the Texas infantry division known as
Walker's Greyhounds Walker's Greyhounds was the popular name for a division (military), division of the Confederate States Army under Major-General John George Walker, composed exclusively of units from Texas. It fought in the Western Theater of the American Civil Wa ...
. The regiment fought at Milliken's Bend and Bayou Bourbeux in 1863 and
Mansfield Mansfield is a market town and the administrative centre of the Mansfield District in Nottinghamshire, England. It is the largest town in the wider Mansfield Urban Area and the second largest settlement in Nottinghamshire (following the city ...
, Pleasant Hill, and Jenkins' Ferry in 1864. The regiment disbanded in mid-May 1865, but its formal surrender date was 26 May 1865.


Formation

The 11th Texas Infantry Regiment was mustered into Confederate service in the winter of 1861–62 near
Houston Houston ( ) is the List of cities in Texas by population, most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and in the Southern United States. Located in Southeast Texas near Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, it is the county seat, seat of ...
. The unit would serve its entire existence west of the
Mississippi River The Mississippi River is the main stem, primary river of the largest drainage basin in the United States. It is the second-longest river in the United States, behind only the Missouri River, Missouri. From its traditional source of Lake Ita ...
in the region known as the
Trans-Mississippi Department The Trans-Mississippi Department was a territorial department of the Confederate States Army that embraced Arkansas, Louisiana west of the Mississippi river, Texas (including what is now New Mexico and Arizona), and the Indian Territory. It w ...
. According to a muster roll from 1863, the
field officer A senior officer is an officer of a more senior grade in military or other uniformed services. In military organisations, the term may refer to any officer above junior officer rank, but usually specifically refers to the middle-ranking group of ...
s were
Colonel Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colon ...
Oran Milo Roberts Oran Milo Roberts (July 9, 1815May 19, 1898) was an American politician and jurist who served as the 17th governor of Texas from 1879 to 1883. A member of the Democratic Party, Roberts County, Texas, is named after him. Early life Roberts was ...
, Lieutenant Colonel James M. Jones, and
Major Major most commonly refers to: * Major (rank), a military rank * Academic major, an academic discipline to which an undergraduate student formally commits * People named Major, including given names, surnames, nicknames * Major and minor in musi ...
Nathaniel J. Caraway. On the regimental staff were Surgeon A. J. V. Doney,
Quartermaster Quartermaster is a military term, the meaning of which depends on the country and service. In land army, armies, a quartermaster is an officer who supervises military logistics, logistics and requisitions, manages stores or barracks, and distri ...
W. M. Ross,
Commissary A commissary is a government official charged with oversight or an ecclesiastical official who exercises in special circumstances the jurisdiction of a bishop. In many countries, the term is used as an administrative or police title. It often c ...
John H. Douglas and
Adjutant Adjutant is a military appointment given to an Officer (armed forces), officer who assists the commanding officer with unit administration, mostly the management of “human resources” in an army unit. The term is used in French-speaking armed ...
W. H. Christian. Others who served as field officers during the war were Lieutenant Colonels Andrew J. Coupland and William G. Engledow, and Major Thomas H. Rountree. The regiment formed ten companies which included men from
Cherokee The Cherokee (; , or ) people are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States. Prior to the 18th century, they were concentrated in their homelands, in towns along river valleys of what is now southwestern ...
,
Franklin Franklin may refer to: People and characters * Franklin (given name), including list of people and characters with the name * Franklin (surname), including list of people and characters with the name * Franklin (class), a member of a historic ...
, Gregg, Harrison,
Hopkins Hopkins is an English and Welsh patronymic surname derived from the personal name Hopkin and the genitive ending -''s''. Hopkin is itself a pet form of the name Hobb, a shortening of Robert (with alteration of the initial consonant). Notable peop ...
, Kaufman,
Nacogdoches Nacogdoches ( ) is a city in East Texas and the county seat of Nacogdoches County, Texas, United States. The 2020 U.S. census recorded the city's population at 32,147. Stephen F. Austin State University is located in Nacogdoches and specia ...
,
Panola Panola may refer to: * Panola, Crenshaw County, Alabama, an unincorporated community in Crenshaw County * Panola, Sumter County, Alabama, a census-designated place in Sumter County * Panola County, Mississippi * Panola County, Texas * Panola, Illin ...
,
Rusk A rusk is a hard, dry Biscuit#Biscuits in British usage, biscuit or a twice-baked bread. It is sometimes used as a teether for babies. In some cultures, rusk is made of cake rather than bread: this is sometimes referred to as cake rusk. In the ...
, San Augustine, Shelby, and Van Zandt Counties.


Service


1862

On 1 March 1862, the 11th Texas Infantry Regiment was assigned to the
Army of New Mexico The Army of New Mexico, also known as the Sibley Brigade, was a small Confederate field army in the American Civil War. It operated in Confederate Arizona and New Mexico Territory during the New Mexico Campaign in late 1861 and early 1862, before ...
, but there is no record that it ever served with that force. In May 1862, the regiment was located at Camp Lubbock in Harris County where 1,338 men were mustered, but only 408 were fit for duty. On 30 May, the unit left Camp Lubbock and marched to Camp Clough near
Tyler, Texas Tyler, officially the City of Tyler, is a city in and the county seat of Smith County, Texas, United States. As of 2020, the population is 105,995. Tyler was the List of municipalities in Texas, 38th most populous city in Texas (as well as the m ...
, arriving on 20 June. The regiment remained in East Texas until August 1862, during which time it was provided with cloth for tents, knapsacks, and some uniforms by the Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville. On 20 September 1862, the 11th Texas Infantry was assigned to the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division. By this time, the Texas infantry was camped near Brownsville, Arkansas, under the command of Brigadier General
Allison Nelson Allison Nelson (March 11, 1822 – October 7, 1862) was the ninth mayor of Atlanta, serving from January until July 1855, when he resigned from office. He died of disease in Prairie County (present-day Lonoke County), Arkansas, during th ...
. On 13 October, the 11th and Colonel Joseph W. Speight's
15th Texas Infantry Regiment The 15th Texas Infantry Regiment was a unit of volunteers recruited in Texas that fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The regiment organized in early 1862 and throughout the war served west of the Mississippi River ...
, and Edgar's Texas Battery were ordered to march to
Austin, Arkansas Austin is a city in Lonoke County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 2,038 as of the 2010 census and an estimated 3,693 as of 2018. It is part of the Little Rock– North Little Rock–Conway Metropolitan Statistical Area. H ...
, followed the next day by the other Texas troops. The Texans went into winter quarters at Camp Nelson, near Austin. The camp, named for the general who had just died, was stricken with epidemics that killed 1,500 soldiers that fall and winter. While at Camp Nelson, Brigadier General
Henry E. McCulloch Henry Eustace McCulloch (December 6, 1816 – March 12, 1895) was a soldier in the Texas Revolution, a Texas Ranger Division, Texas Ranger, and a Brigadier general (United States), brigadier general in the army of the Confederate States of Amer ...
organized the Texas troops into an infantry division which consisted of four brigades. About three months later, McCulloch was replaced by Major General John George Walker and the division became known as
Walker's Greyhounds Walker's Greyhounds was the popular name for a division (military), division of the Confederate States Army under Major-General John George Walker, composed exclusively of units from Texas. It fought in the Western Theater of the American Civil Wa ...
. McCulloch then took command of the 3rd Brigade. The 11th Texas Infantry was assigned to Colonel Horace Randal's 2nd Brigade along with the 28th Texas Dismounted Cavalry and
14th Texas Infantry Regiment The 14th Texas Infantry Regiment was a unit of volunteers recruited in Texas that fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The regiment organized in the summer of 1862 and spent its entire existence west of the Mississi ...
s, Robert S. Gould's Texas Infantry Battalion, and
Captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader or highest rank officer of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police depa ...
J. M. Daniel's Texas Battery. The 4th Brigade was soon detached and captured by Union forces at the
Battle of Arkansas Post Battle of Arkansas Post may refer to the following battles that took place at Arkansas Post The Arkansas Post (; ), officially the Arkansas Post National Memorial, was the first European colonization of the Americas, European settlement locat ...
. Later, its soldiers were released by a prisoner exchange and subsequently served east of the Mississippi River.


1863

On 11 January 1863, Walker's division arrived near
Pine Bluff, Arkansas Pine Bluff, officially the City of Pine Bluff, is the List of municipalities in Arkansas, tenth-most populous city in the U.S. state of Arkansas and the county seat of Jefferson County, Arkansas, Jefferson County. The population of the city wa ...
. That day, the division was ordered to march to the relief of
Arkansas Post The Arkansas Post (; ), officially the Arkansas Post National Memorial, was the first European colonization of the Americas, European settlement located along the Mississippi River, in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, and in the present-day U. ...
, but news was received the next day that the place surrendered. For several days, the division camped in that location, called "Camp Freeze-Out" by the soldiers because of the bitterly cold weather. On 19 January, the division marched back to Pine Bluff where they spent the winter in a comfortable and healthy camp. On 23 April, the division was ordered to march to
Monroe, Louisiana Monroe is the ninth-largest city in the U.S. state of Louisiana, and is the parish seat and largest city of Ouachita Parish. With a 2020 census-tabulated population of 47,702, it is the principal city of the Monroe metropolitan statistical ...
. In mid-May, Walker's division marched from Monroe to Campti, and traveled by steamer on the Red River from Campti to
Alexandria Alexandria ( ; ) is the List of cities and towns in Egypt#Largest cities, second largest city in Egypt and the List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea, largest city on the Mediterranean coast. It lies at the western edge of the Nile ...
. On 31 May, the division reached Perkins' Landing which its Federal garrison hastily evacuated after a brief skirmish with McCulloch's 3rd Brigade. Confederate losses were 1 killed and 6 wounded. Lieutenant General Richard Taylor, the Confederate commander in Louisiana was ordered to help the Confederate army trapped in the
Siege of Vicksburg The siege of Vicksburg (May 18 – July 4, 1863) was the final major military action in the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War. In a series of maneuvers, Union Major General Ulysses S. Grant and his Army of the Tennessee crossed th ...
. Taylor instructed Walker to march to Richmond, Louisiana, to attack Union army camps on the west bank of the Mississippi River. Walker's division reached Richmond on the morning of 6 June where misleading intelligence was received that underestimated the size of the Federal forces at Milliken's Bend and Young's Point. That night, Walker's troops marched to Oak Grove Plantation where the road forked. Walker instructed Brigadier General
James Morrison Hawes James Morrison Hawes (January 7, 1824 – November 22, 1889) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Early life James M. Hawes was born in Lexington, Kentucky, the son of Richard and Hettie Nicholas Hawes. The Hawes family was p ...
' brigade to use the right fork to Young's Point and McCulloch's brigade to use the left fork toward Milliken's Bend. Walker held Brigadier General Horace Randal's brigade at Oak Grove as a reserve. On 7 June 1863, in the
Battle of Milliken's Bend The Battle of Milliken's Bend was fought on June 7, 1863, as part of the Vicksburg Campaign during the American Civil War. Major General (United States), Major General Ulysses S. Grant of the Union Army had placed the strategic Mississippi Rive ...
, McCulloch's 1,500 soldiers attacked 1,061 Union troops under Colonel Hermann Lieb. The Union force was made up of elements of the 1st Mississippi (African), 8th Louisiana (African), 9th Louisiana (African), 11th Louisiana (African), 13th Louisiana (African), and 23rd Iowa Infantry Regiments.The 13th Louisiana was never authorized and disbanded one month later (Dobak, p. 183). All the "African" regiments except for the 13th were later taken into United States service (Dobak, p. 179). Of these, about 900 were Black soldiers, while there were fewer than 200 white soldiers in the 23rd Iowa. Because the Black soldiers were poorly trained, their first volley mostly missed and the Texans were able to come to grips with them. For a short time, the Union soldiers held the levee in a wild melee of bayonets and musket butts, before running to the safety of the riverbank. The Union gunboat '' USS Choctaw'' shelled the levee, keeping McCulloch's men from following up their advantage. When the ''
USS Lexington USS ''Lexington'' may refer to these ships of the United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare, maritime military branch, service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is the world's most powerful ...
'' arrived on the scene, McCulloch halted the attack. The Federals sustained 652 casualties while the Confederates lost 185. Randal's brigade came up in support, but by the time it arrived, the fighting was done. Afterward, Walker's division camped near
Delhi, Louisiana Delhi (), originally called Deerfield, is a town in Richland Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 2,622. History In 1890, the Delhi Institute was founded in Delhi, Louisiana; a Black private school ...
, where disease ravaged the ranks, reducing the number of men fit for duty. The division marched south to Alexandria, where it remained until 10 August. The division moved to confront a Union expedition led by Major General William B. Franklin that was marching north. On 23 October, Franklin's force seized
Washington, Louisiana Washington is a village in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 742 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Opelousas– Eunice Micropolitan Statistical Area. Washington was the largest inland port between New Or ...
. Taylor massed his 11,000 available troops for battle near Washington, but Franklin's superior force retreated. Taylor created an ''ad hoc'' brigade under Colonel
Oran Milo Roberts Oran Milo Roberts (July 9, 1815May 19, 1898) was an American politician and jurist who served as the 17th governor of Texas from 1879 to 1883. A member of the Democratic Party, Roberts County, Texas, is named after him. Early life Roberts was ...
, which included the 11th Texas, 15th Texas, and 18th Texas Infantry Regiments, and sent it to assist Brigadier General Thomas Green's cavalry division. On 3 November 1863, the three Texas infantry regiments fought a skillful action at the Battle of Bayou Bourbeux. Green sent Roberts' brigade to attack the Federals from the north, while cavalry brigades led by Colonels Arthur P. Bagby Jr. and
James Patrick Major James Patrick Major (May 14, 1836 – May 8, 1877) was a U.S. Army officer and a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War. U.S. Cavalry service Major graduated 23rd in his class at the United States Military Academy and be ...
took position on Roberts' right. Roberts' 950-man brigade formed with the 15th Texas on the right, the 18th in the center, and the 11th on the left. After a three-hour clash, the Union force under Brigadier General Stephen G. Burbridge was forced back with losses of 200 killed and wounded, and 600 captured. Roberts' brigade lost 21 killed, 82 wounded, and 38 prisoners. The 11th Texas reported losses of 4 killed, 15 wounded, and 32 missing out of a total of 355 men present for duty.


1864–1865

The brigade of Randal went into quarters at
Marksville, Louisiana Marksville is a small city in and the parish seat of Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 5,702 at the 2010 United States Census, 2010 census, an increase of 165 over the 2000 tabulation of ...
, in winter 1863–1864. On 20 January 1864, the 11th Texas was pitted against the 12th Texas Infantry Regiment in a match-drill which the 11th Texas won. In the Red River campaign, a 26,000-man Union army led by Major General
Nathaniel P. Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union Army, Union general during the American Civil War, Civil War. A millworker, Banks became prominent in local ...
and supported by 13 gunboats tried to move up the river to capture
Shreveport Shreveport ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is the List of municipalities in Louisiana, third-most populous city in Louisiana after New Orleans and Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Baton Rouge. The bulk of Shreveport is in Caddo Parish, Lo ...
. At the
Battle of Mansfield The Battle of Mansfield, also known as the Battle of Sabine Crossroads, on April 8, 1864, in Louisiana formed part of the Red River Campaign during the American Civil War, when Union forces were attempting to occupy the Louisiana state capit ...
on 8 April 1864, Taylor assembled 11,000 soldiers in the infantry divisions of Walker and Brigadier General Alfred Mouton, and Green's cavalry division. Walker's division was deployed on the west side of the main highway with Brigadier General William R. Scurry's brigade on the right, Brigadier General Thomas N. Waul's brigade in the center, and Randal's brigade on the left. Mouton's division was on the east side of the highway. At 4 pm, Taylor ordered an assault which overwhelmed the Federals. In the rout, Banks' forces lost an estimated 200 killed, 900 wounded, 1,800 missing, 20 guns, and 250 wagons. Confederate casualties were about 1,000. This battle marked the limit of Banks' advance. At Mansfield, the 11th Texas lost 2 killed, 6 wounded, and 2 missing. On 9 April 1864, Taylor, reinforced to a strength of 14,300 troops, attacked Banks' Union army at the
Battle of Pleasant Hill The Battle of Pleasant Hill on April 9, 1864, in Louisiana formed part of the Red River Campaign during the American Civil War, when Union Army, Union forces were attempting to occupy the Louisiana state capital, Shreveport, Louisiana, Shrevepo ...
. Walker's division attacked the Federal right flank but was repulsed. Confederate attacks on the Federal left flank were initially successful, but were finally beaten back. Both armies retreated, the Confederates after losing 1,500 casualties and the Federals after losing 1,369 casualties. At Pleasant Hill, the 11th Texas lost 3 killed and 18 wounded. Walker's division was then ordered to march north into Arkansas to drive off another Federal invading force. At the
Battle of Jenkins' Ferry The Battle of Jenkins' Ferry, also known as the Engagement at Jenkins' Ferry, was fought on April 30, 1864, in Hot Spring and Saline counties (present-day Grant County), Arkansas, during the American Civil War The American Civil War ...
on 30 April, Confederate Lieutenant General
Edmund Kirby Smith Edmund Kirby Smith (May 16, 1824March 28, 1893) was a General officers in the Confederate States Army, Confederate States Army Four-star rank, general, who oversaw the Trans-Mississippi Department (comprising Arkansas, Missouri, Texas, western L ...
attacked the retreating Union force under Major General
Frederick Steele Major General Frederick Steele (January 14, 1819 – January 12, 1868) was an American military officer who served in the Army in the Mexican-American War, Yuma War, and American Civil War. He is most noted for capturing the Arkansas state capi ...
. Smith ordered an attack but the Union soldiers drove back every assault. Walker's division arrived last and was immediately thrown into action, but it was also defeated. Scurry's brigade arrived first and fought for 40 minutes until Waul's brigade arrived, and Randal's brigade came last. Both Scurry and Randal were fatally wounded, and casualties among the rank and file were serious. The 11th Texas suffered losses of 9 killed and 39 wounded. Steele's force escaped to
Little Rock, Arkansas Little Rock is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Arkansas, most populous city of the U.S. state of Arkansas. The city's population was 202,591 as of the 2020 census. The six-county Central Arkan ...
. Brigadier General Robert Plunket Maclay assumed command of the 2nd Brigade. On 17 June 1864, Major General John Horace Forney replaced Walker in command of the division. On 19 October 1864, Roberts resigned because of bad health, and was replaced in command of the 11th Texas Infantry by James M. Jones. On 18 February 1865, Forney's division marched to Shreveport where the soldiers put on a military review and enjoyed a hearty meal hosted by the townspeople. In late February 1865, Forney's division was expanded by several regiments and a new 4th Brigade was created. Sometime in early 1865, the 11th Texas may have guarded Union prisoners at Tyler, Texas. On 5 March, the division was ordered to march to
Hempstead, Texas Hempstead is a city in and the county seat of Waller County, Texas, United States. It is part of the metropolitan area. History On December 29, 1856, Richard Rodgers Peebles and James W. McDade organized the Hempstead Town Company to sell lots ...
, and arrived there near Camp Groce on 15 April. By 19 May most of the soldiers had dispersed to their homes, though the official surrender date for the Trans-Mississippi Department was 26 May 1865.


Notes

;Footnotes ;Citations


References

* * * * * * * * {{Texas Confederate units navbox Units and formations of the Confederate States Army from Texas 1861 establishments in Texas Military units and formations established in 1861 1865 disestablishments in Texas Military units and formations disestablished in 1865