The 10th Division (''10. Division'') was a unit of the

Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

Army An army, ground force or land force is an armed force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch or armed service of a nation or country. It may also include aviation assets by ...

. It was formed in Posen (now Poznań, Poland) in November 1816 as a brigade, became the 9th Division on September 5, 1818, and was renumbered the 10th Division on February 28, 1820. The division was subordinated in peacetime to the V Army Corps (''V. Armeekorps''). The division was disbanded in 1919, during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was recruited primarily in the

Province of Posen The Province of Posen (; ) was a Provinces of Prussia, province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1848 to 1920, occupying most of the historical Greater Poland. The province was established following the Greater Poland Uprising (1848), Poznań Uprisi ...

Combat chronicle

The division fought in the

Austro-Prussian War The Austro-Prussian War (German: ''Preußisch-Österreichischer Krieg''), also known by many other names,Seven Weeks' War, German Civil War, Second War of Unification, Brothers War or Fraternal War, known in Germany as ("German War"), ''Deutsc ...

in 1866, including the

Battle of Königgrätz The Battle of Königgrätz (or Sadowa) was the decisive battle of the Austro-Prussian War in which the Kingdom of Prussia defeated the Austrian Empire. It took place on 3 July 1866, near the Bohemian city of Hradec Králové (German: Königgrä ...

. In the

Franco-Prussian War The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. Lasting from 19 July 1870 to 28 Janua ...

of 1870–1871, the division saw action in the opening battles of

Wissembourg Wissembourg (; South Franconian: ''Weisseburch'' ; German: ''Weißenburg'' ) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in northeastern France. Wissembourg was a sub-prefecture of the department until 2015. The name ''Wissembourg'' ...

and Wörth, in the

Battle of Sedan The Battle of Sedan was fought during the Franco-Prussian War from 1 to 2 September 1870. Resulting in the capture of Napoleon III, Emperor Napoleon III and over a hundred thousand troops, it effectively decided the war in favour of Prussia and ...

, and in the Siege of Paris. In

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

, the division served on the Western Front. It initially occupied the

Woëvre The Woëvre () (German: ''Waberland'') is a natural region of Lorraine in northeastern France. It forms part of Lorraine plateau and lies largely in the department of Meuse. Along with the Côtes de Moselle, the Woëvre is one of the areas ...

region of France and later fought in the

Verdun Verdun ( , ; ; ; official name before 1970: Verdun-sur-Meuse) is a city in the Meuse (department), Meuse departments of France, department in Grand Est, northeastern France. It is an arrondissement of the department. In 843, the Treaty of V ...

in late 1916. In 1918, it participated in the

German spring offensive The German spring offensive, also known as ''Kaiserschlacht'' ("Kaiser's Battle") or the Ludendorff offensive, was a series of German Empire, German attacks along the Western Front (World War I), Western Front during the World War I, First Wor ...

, seeing action in the

Third Battle of the Aisne The Third Battle of the Aisne () was part of the German spring offensive during World War I that focused on capturing the Chemin des Dames Ridge before the American Expeditionary Forces arrived completely in French Third Republic, France. It w ...

and the Second Battle of the Marne. Allied intelligence rated it a first class division.

Order of battle in the Franco-Prussian War

During wartime, the 10th Division, like other regular German divisions, was redesignated an infantry division. The organization of the 10th Infantry Division in 1870 at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War was as follows: *19. Infanterie Brigade ** Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 6 ** Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 46 *20. Infanterie Brigade ** Füsilier-Regiment Nr. 37 ** Füsilier-Regiment Nr. 50 *Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 14

Pre-World War I organization

German divisions underwent various organizational changes after the Franco-Prussian War. The organization of the 10th Division in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I, was as follows:''Rangliste der Königlich Preußischen Armee'' (1914), pp. 68–69. *19. Infanterie Brigade ** Grenadier-Regiment Graf Kleist von Nollendorf (1. Westpreußisches) Nr. 6 ** Infanterie-Regiment Graf Kirchbach (1. Niederschlesisches) Nr. 46 *20. Infanterie Brigade ** Infanterie-Regiment König Ludwig III. von Bayern (2. Niederschlesisches) Nr. 47 ** 3. Niederschlesisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 50 *77. Infanterie-Brigade **Füsilier-Regiment von Steinmetz (Westpreußisches) Nr. 37 **7. Westpreußisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 155 *10. Kavallerie-Brigade **Ulanen-Regiment Kaiser Alexander III. von Rußland (Westpreußisches) Nr. 1 ** Regiment Königs-Jäger zu Pferde Nr. 1 *10. Feldartillerie-Brigade ** 1. Posensches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 20 ** 2. Posensches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 56 *Landwehr-Inspektion Posen

Order of battle on mobilization

On mobilization in August 1914 at the beginning of

, most divisional cavalry, including brigade headquarters, was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters. The 10th Division was again renamed the 10th Infantry Division and lost the 77th Infantry Brigade to the 10th Reserve Division. Its initial wartime organization was as follows:Cron et al., ''Ruhmeshalle'' *19. Infanterie-Brigade **Grenadier-Regiment Graf Kleist von Nollendorf (1. Westpreußisches) Nr. 6 **Infanterie-Regiment Graf Kirchbach (1. Niederschlesisches) Nr. 46 *20.Infanterie-Brigade **Infanterie-Regiment König Ludwig III von Bayern (2. Niederschlesisches) Nr. 47 **3. Niederschlesisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 50 *Regiment Königs-Jäger zu Pferde Nr. 1 *10. Feldartillerie-Brigade **1. Posensches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 20 **2. Posensches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 56 *2.Kompanie/Niederschlesisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 5 *3.Kompanie/Niederschlesisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 5

Late World War I organization

Divisions underwent many changes during the war, with regiments moving from division to division, and some being destroyed and rebuilt. During the war, most divisions became

triangular A triangle is a polygon with three corners and three sides, one of the basic shapes in geometry. The corners, also called ''vertices'', are zero-dimensional points while the sides connecting them, also called ''edges'', are one-dimensional ...

- one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments (a "

square division A square division is a designation given to the way military divisions are organized. In a square organization, the division's main body is composed of four "maneuver," i.e., infantry regimental elements. Other types of regiments, such as artiller ...

"). An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters, the cavalry was further reduced, the engineer contingent was increased, and a divisional signals command was created. The 10th Infantry Division's order of battle on May 3, 1918, was as follows: *20. Infanterie-Brigade: **Grenadier-Regiment Graf Kleist von Nollendorf (1. Westpreußisches) Nr. 6 **Infanterie-Regiment König Ludwig III von Bayern (2. Niederschlesisches) Nr. 47 **Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 398 **Maschinengewehr-Scharfschützen-Abteilung Nr. 17 *3.Eskadron/Regiment Königs-Jäger zu Pferde Nr. 1 *Artillerie-Kommandeur 10 **2. Posensches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 56 **II.Bataillon/1. Westpreußisches Fußartillerie-Regiment Nr. 11 *Niederschlesisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 5 *Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur 10

References

10. Infanterie-Division - Der erste Weltkrieg
* Christian Werner Claus von Bredow, ''Historische Rang- und Stammliste des deutschen Heeres'' (1905) * Hermann Cron et al., ''Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee'' (Berlin, 1935) * Hermann Cron, ''Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914–1918'' (Berlin, 1937) * Günter Wegner, ''Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815–1939.'' (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1 * ''Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914–1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919'' (1920)

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:10 Infantry divisions of Germany in World War I Military units and formations established in 1818 Military units and formations disestablished in 1919