105 Mm Modèle F1
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The Canon de 105 mm modèle F1 (or CN-105-F1) is a French
105 mm 105 mm (4.1 in) is a common NATO-standard artillery and tank gun calibre. The rifled tank round is defined by STANAG 4458. The artillery round is defined by AOP-29 part 3 with reference to STANAG 4425. Artillery Since the early 21st century, mos ...
tank gun A tank gun is the main armament of a tank. Modern tank guns are high-velocity, large-caliber artilleries capable of firing kinetic energy penetrators, high-explosive anti-tank, and cannon-launched guided projectiles. Anti-aircraft guns can also ...
used with the
AMX-30 The AMX-30 is a French main battle tank designed by Ateliers de construction d'Issy-les-Moulineaux (AMX, then Nexter, GIAT) and first delivered to the French Army in August 1966. The first five tanks were issued to the 501st ''Régiment de Chars ...
.


History

The CN 105 F1 was designed at the end of the 1950s by the arsenal of
Bourges Bourges ( ; ; ''Borges'' in Berrichon) is a commune in central France on the river Yèvre (Cher), Yèvre. It is the capital of the Departments of France, department of Cher (department), Cher, and also was the capital city of the former provin ...
(EFAB) under the project name D1512, its development was completed in 1962 and the gun was registered as 105 Mle 62 (an abbreviated version of ''105 mm 1962 Model'') which in turn took the designation of CN 105 F1 after being fitted with its armored
gun mantlet A gun mantlet is an armour plate or shield attached to an armoured fighting vehicle's gun, protecting the opening through which the weapon's barrel projects from the hull or turret armour and, in many cases, ensuring the vulnerable warhead of a ...
. As the
French Army The French Army, officially known as the Land Army (, , ), is the principal Army, land warfare force of France, and the largest component of the French Armed Forces; it is responsible to the Government of France, alongside the French Navy, Fren ...
was relying on the OCC 105 F1 (''obus G'') as main as its only armor-piercing ammunition at that time, the rifling of CN 105 F1 gun barrel was given a relatively slow twist of one turn in 25 calibers to minimise the spin imparted to the
HEAT In thermodynamics, heat is energy in transfer between a thermodynamic system and its surroundings by such mechanisms as thermal conduction, electromagnetic radiation, and friction, which are microscopic in nature, involving sub-atomic, ato ...
projectile, but this made it unsuitable for firing APDS, although compatible with all other types of
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member s ...
105×617mm 1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, Numeral (linguistics), numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest Positive number, positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in o ...
ammunition such as
APFSDS Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS), long dart penetrator, or simply dart ammunition is a type of kinetic energy penetrator ammunition used to attack modern vehicle armour. As an armament for main battle tanks, it succeeds arm ...
, the OFL 105 F1 being the first French-made APFSDS and was fielded in November 1981.


Design

The CN 105 F1 is a monoblock steel cannon protected from bending with a magnesium alloy thermal sleeve.Ogorkiewicz, p. 8 The F1 is fitted with a semi-automatic vertical sliding wedge
breechblock A breechblock (or breech block) is the part of the firearm action that closes the breech of a breech loading weapon (whether small arms or artillery) before or at the moment of firing. It seals the breech and contains the pressure generated by ...
, though fitted without a muzzle brake. Unlike the similar L7 tank gun, the F1 uses a
compressed air Compressed air is air kept under a pressure that is greater than atmospheric pressure. Compressed air in vehicle tires and shock absorbers are commonly used for improved traction and reduced vibration. Compressed air is an important medium for t ...
scavenging system instead of a
bore evacuator A bore evacuator or fume extractor is a device which removes lingering gases and airborne residues from the barrel of an armored fighting vehicle's gun after firing, particularly in tanks and self-propelled guns. By creating a pressure differ ...
. The recoil mechanism uses two symmetrically opposed hydraulic brake cylinders with a single hydropneumatic recuperator cylinder.Source: www.army-guide.com/eng/product519.html — although the site is blacklisted for unknown reasons. An electrical firing system is fitted.


Additional specifications

*Factory designation: D1512 *Total length: 5.9 m *Rifling length: 5.263 m *Rifling twist: 7°,10' right hand *Number of grooves: 32 *Recoil mechanism: two symmetrically opposed hydraulic brake cylinders *Recuperator: single hydropneumatic recuperator cylinder *Recoil length: 385 mm *Maximum recoil length: 400 mm *Recoil force: 23 t *Weight, overall: 2470 kg *Recoiling gun mass: 1980 kg Source:


Variant

A shorter barrel version designated D1504 was fitted to Israeli M51 Shermans and locally known as the CN 105 D1, some of which have been sold to
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...
. The gun saw extensive combat use in the 1967
Six Days War The Six-Day War, also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab world, Arab states, primarily United Arab Republic, Egypt, Syria, and Jordan from 5 to 10June ...
and the 1973
Yom Kippur War The Yom Kippur War, also known as the Ramadan War, the October War, the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, or the Fourth Arab–Israeli War, was fought from 6 to 25 October 1973 between Israel and a coalition of Arab world, Arab states led by Egypt and S ...
, scoring many victories in engagements with Syrian and Egyptian forces. In order to fit in the T23 turret of the M51, a larger muzzle brake was added to reduce the recoil length. Argentina also produced a version of this gun, similar to the Israeli version, for use on their Repotenciado upgrade of ex-British
Sherman Firefly The Sherman Firefly was a medium tank used by the United Kingdom and some armoured formations of other Allies in World War II, Allies in the Second World War. It was based on the US M4 Sherman but was fitted with the more powerful British cal ...
tanks, known locally as the L44/57 FTR 105 mm. Although these tanks still had the original smaller Sherman turret, the extended Firefly bustle gave enough space for the recoil within a limited elevation arc, but left a very cramped turret. Ammunition was sourced from
Fabricaciones Militares Fabricaciones Militares Sociedad del Estado (Spanish for Military Industries State Corporation) is a state-owned Argentine arms manufacturer based in Buenos Aires. The company was a government agency under the name Dirección General de Fabricacio ...
.


Gallery

File:AMX-30 gun img 2352.jpg, Breech File:AMX-30 gun img 2354.jpg, Cut-away of the gun tube, showing the rifling File:Proiettile AMX-30 105mm.jpg, French OFL 105 F1 105 mm APFSDS


Notes


References


Sources

* * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:105 Mm Modele F1 Cold War artillery of France Tank guns of France 105 mm artillery Military equipment introduced in the 1960s