The 103rd Rifle Division was an infantry division of the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...

, formed three times. It was first formed in 1939. It was converted into a motorized division and fought in the Yelnya Offensive. After being converted back to a rifle division it was destroyed in the

Battle of Vyazma The Battle of Vyazma (3 November 1812; 22 October by OS), occurred at the beginning of Napoleon's retreat from Moscow. In this encounter a Russian force commanded by General Miloradovich inflicted heavy losses on the rear guard of the ''Gran ...

. The division reformed in early 1942 but was destroyed during the

Second Battle of Kharkov The Second Battle of Kharkov or Operation Fredericus was an Axis powers, Axis counter-offensive in the region around Kharkov against the Red Army Izium bridgehead offensive conducted 12–28 May 1942, on the Eastern Front (World War II), Easter ...

. It was reformed a third time in the Far East in summer 1942 and participated in the

Soviet invasion of Manchuria The Soviet invasion of Manchuria, formally known as the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation or simply the Manchurian Operation () and sometimes Operation August Storm, began on 9 August 1945 with the Soviet Union, Soviet invasion of the Emp ...

History

First Formation

The division was formed at Voroshilovsk in August and September 1939 from the 35th Rifle Regiment of the 74th Rifle Division. The division was converted to a motorized division in March 1941, part of the 26th Mechanized Corps. On 8 July the division became the 103rd Tank Division as a result of the reorganization of Red Army mechanized forces. During July and August, it fought in the Yelnya Offensive as part of the corps, now subordinated to the 24th Army. On 28 August, it became a rifle division again. In October 1941, it was surrounded and destroyed in the

Spas-Demensky District Spas-Demensky District () is an administrativeCharter of Kaluga Oblast, Article 4 and municipalLaw #354-OZ district (raion), one of the administrative divisions of Kaluga Oblast, twenty-four in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west ...

, trapped in the Vyazma Pocket. However, the division was only disbanded on 27 December, despite coming out of the encirclement with only thirty men.

Second Formation

The division was reformed on 9 January 1942 from the 463rd Rifle Division (originally formed 22 December 1941) at

Samarkand Samarkand ( ; Uzbek language, Uzbek and Tajik language, Tajik: Самарқанд / Samarqand, ) is a city in southeastern Uzbekistan and among the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central As ...

. The 103rd was composed of the 393rd, 583rd and 688th Rifle Regiments. In early March, the division was relocated to

Starobilsk Starobilsk (; ) is a city in Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Starobilsk Raion. The modern settlement was founded in 1686, and it was granted city status in 1938. The city has a population of As a result of the ...

with the 28th Army and fought in the

during May 1942. Due to supply shortages the division was not provided with food from 28 April to 2 May. On 19 May, it became part of 6th Army but was surrounded and destroyed at Izyum between 25 and 27 May. The division was officially disbanded on 30 June 1942.

Third Formation

The division was reformed a third time on 21 July 1942 in the

Transbaikal Military District The Transbaikal Military District () was a military district of first the Soviet Armed Forces and then the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, formed on 17 May 1935 and included the Buryat Republic, Chita Oblast, and Yakutia. Chita was ...

and served there for the duration of the war. It was with the

2nd Rifle Corps The 2nd Rifle Corps was an infantry corps of the Red Army during the interwar period and World War II, formed twice. First formation It was formed in September 1922 as the 2nd Army Corps in accordance with orders dated 10 June, 18 July, and 12 ...

in Transbaikal Front in January 1945. During August and September 1945, it fought in the

. For its actions, the division was awarded the honorific "Khingan". It was disbanded in 1946 in the Transbaikal-Amur Military District.Feskov et al 2013, p. 565

References

* *Poirer and Connor, Red Army Order of Battle {{Soviet Union divisions before 1945 Infantry divisions of the Soviet Union in World War II Military units and formations disestablished in 1946 Military units and formations established in 1939