''İkdam'' (Turkish: ''Effort'') was a newspaper in the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

and

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

published between 1894 and 1928. During its lifetime it became the most popular newspaper in

Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...

.Selcuk Aksin Somel. (2003). ''Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire''. Scarecrow Press. , 9780810866065. p
128129

Ahmet Cevdet Oran Ahmet Cevdet Oran (mostly known as Ahmet Cevdet; 1862–27 May 1935) was a Turkish journalist who founded an influential newspaper, '' İkdam'' which was in circulation between 1894 and 1928. He was one of the early Turkish journalists who emplo ...

established the paper in 1894, and the first issue appeared on 23 September. It initially advocated for Turkism, but held a critical attitude towards the

Committee of Union and Progress The Ottoman Committee of Union and Progress (CUP, also translated as the Society of Union and Progress; , French language, French: ''Union et Progrès'') was a revolutionary group, secret society, and political party, active between 1889 and 1926 ...

after the

Young Turk Revolution The Young Turk Revolution (July 1908; ) was a constitutionalist revolution in the Ottoman Empire. Revolutionaries belonging to the Internal Committee of Union and Progress, an organization of the Young Turks movement, forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II ...

had occurred. Yakup Karaosmanoğlu was a journalist with ''İkdam'' during the

Turkish War of Independence , strength1 = May 1919: 35,000November 1920: 86,000Turkish General Staff, ''Türk İstiklal Harbinde Batı Cephesi'', Edition II, Part 2, Ankara 1999, p. 225August 1922: 271,000Celâl Erikan, Rıdvan Akın: ''Kurtuluş Savaşı tarih ...

. Another notable contributor was Ahmet Haşim. ''Ikdam'' was one of the publications which supported the foreign mandate and opposed the national struggle led by

Mustafa Kemal Mustafa () is one of the names of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the name means "chosen, selected, appointed, preferred", used as an Arabic given name and surname. Mustafa is a common name in the Muslim world. Given name Moustafa * Moustafa A ...

Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...

. Following the establishment of the Republic of Turkey the paper objected the policies of the Turkish government, including making

Ankara Ankara is the capital city of Turkey and List of national capitals by area, the largest capital by area in the world. Located in the Central Anatolia Region, central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5,290,822 in its urban center ( ...

the capital city instead of Istanbul as well as the presidency of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Partly due to its dissident approach the ownership of the paper was changed, and it became an asset of

Ali Naci Karacan Ali Naci Karacan (1896 – 7 July 1955) was a Turkish journalist and publisher. He was involved in founding the Turkish daily newspapers ''Akşam'' (1918) and ''Milliyet'' (1955), and his family, including grandson Ali Naci Karacan, built up a pub ...

. The paper was disestablished in 1928.

References

External links

* 1894 establishments in the Ottoman Empire 1928 disestablishments in Turkey Defunct newspapers published in the Ottoman Empire Defunct newspapers published in Turkey Newspapers published in Istanbul Newspapers established in 1894 Publications disestablished in 1928 Defunct Turkish-language newspapers {{Ottoman-stub