The Đại Việt National Socialist Party (, Hanese: 大越國家社會黨) was a

nationalist Nationalism is an idea or movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the State (polity), state. As a movement, it presupposes the existence and tends to promote the interests of a particular nation,Anthony D. Smith, Smith, A ...

political party founded in 1936 in

French Indochina French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China), officially known as the Indochinese Union and after 1941 as the Indochinese Federation, was a group of French dependent territories in Southeast Asia from 1887 to 1954. It was initial ...

in the

Hội Phục Việt During the 1920s openly democratic patriotic movement in the French Indochina, on July 14, 1925, a number of students from Indochina Pedagogical College and a number of former political prisoners in Annam established Hội Phục Việt (''Vietnam ...

(with Vietnam Patriotic Party and Annam Nationalist Party), following nationalism, inspired by the ''

Kempeitai The , , was the military police of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA). The organization also shared civilian secret police that specialized in clandestine and covert operation, counterinsurgency, counterintelligence, HUMINT, interrogated suspects ...

''. It was pro-Japanese, it also supported Vietnamese independence and unification under the

Nguyễn Dynasty The Nguyễn dynasty (, chữ Nôm: 茹阮, chữ Hán: 朝阮) was the last List of Vietnamese dynasties, Vietnamese dynasty, preceded by the Nguyễn lords and ruling unified Vietnam independently from 1802 until French protectorate in 1883 ...

. Its headquarters was located in

Hải Phòng Haiphong or Hai Phong (, ) is the third-largest city in Vietnam and is the principal port city of the Red River Delta. The municipality has an area of , consisting of 8 List of urban districts of Vietnam, urban districts, 6 Huyện, rural distri ...

Tonkin Tonkin, also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is an exonym referring to the northern region of Vietnam. During the 17th and 18th centuries, this term referred to the domain '' Đàng Ngoài'' under Trịnh lords' control, including both the ...

History

Activities

Đại Việt National Socialist Party was founded by

Nguyễn Xuân Tiếu Nguyễn (阮) (sometimes abbreviated as Ng̃) is the most common surname of the Vietnamese people. Outside of Vietnam, the surname is commonly rendered without diacritics as ''Nguyen''. By some estimates 30 to 39 percent of Vietnamese peopl ...

, with

Trần Trọng Kim Trần Trọng Kim (; chữ Hán: 陳仲金, Kanji pronunciation: ''Chin Jūkin''; ; 1883 – December 2, 1953; courtesy name Lệ Thần (, chữ Hán: 隸臣) was a Vietnamese scholar and politician who served as the Prime Minister of the sho ...

as General Secretary, and was a force with about 2,000 members, exerting influence in big cities such as

Hanoi Hanoi ( ; ; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Vietnam, second-most populous city of Vietnam. The name "Hanoi" translates to "inside the river" (Hanoi is bordered by the Red River (Asia), Red and Black River (Asia), Black Riv ...

and

Haiphong Haiphong or Hai Phong (, ) is the third-largest city in Vietnam and is the principal port city of the Red River Delta. The municipality has an area of , consisting of 8 urban districts, 6 rural districts and 1 municipal city (sub-city). Two o ...

during that time

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

. This was a pro-Japanese political organization that supported the establishment of the

Empire of Vietnam The Empire of Vietnam (; Literary Chinese and Japanese language, Contemporary Japanese: ; Japanese language, Modern Japanese: ) was a short-lived Japanese puppet state, puppet state of Empire of Japan, Imperial Japan between March 11 and Abdicat ...

led by the Nguyễn Dynasty and Emperor

Bảo Đại Bảo Đại (, vi-hantu, , , 22 October 191331 July 1997), born Nguyễn Phúc (Phước) Vĩnh Thụy (), was the 13th and final emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, the last ruling dynasty of Vietnam. From 1926 to 1945, he was ''de jure'' em ...

, who declared Vietnamese independence from France on 11 March 1945. The Empire of Vietnam also regained

Cochinchina Cochinchina or Cochin-China (, ; ; ; ; ) is a historical exonym and endonym, exonym for part of Vietnam, depending on the contexts, usually for Southern Vietnam. Sometimes it referred to the whole of Vietnam, but it was commonly used to refer t ...

on August 14. However, this state was only independent nominally i.e. a

puppet state A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a State (polity), state that is ''de jure'' independent but ''de facto'' completely dependent upon an outside Power (international relations), power and subject to its ord ...

. This was a group of the northern branch of the Vietnam National Restoration League (''Việt Nam Phục quốc Đồng minh Hội''), the southern branch was the pro-Japanese branch of Daiviet Nationalist Party, and associated with pro-Japanese groups in the Daiviet National League (''Đại Việt Quốc gia Liên minh''). File:The Dragon Spirit Flag in the stamp what was released on 11 March 1945, to notice the independence of Empire of Vietnam from French colonial Empire.jpg,

File:Đế-quốc Việt-Nam tuyên-bố độc-lập 1945.jpg, proclaims File:Dân Báo, ĐQVN 1945.jpg, the Independence File:Mr Trần-trọng-Kim le nouveau premier ministre de l'Empire du Vietnam.jpg, Monsieur

new prime minister of

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

. The image by Dōmei File:Quốc kỳ Việt Nam độc lập.jpg, New national flag of

File:Nghi chú lễ Hưng Quốc Khánh Niệm 1945.jpg, Hưng Quốc Khánh Niệm (興國慶念之禮) by emperor

Dissolution

Three days after the declaration of independence on September 2, 1945, the Provisional Government of the

Democratic Republic of Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; ; VNDCCH), was a country in Southeast Asia from 1945 to 1976, with sovereignty fully recognized in 1954. A member of the communist Eastern Bloc, it opposed the French-suppor ...

ordered the dissolution of Đại Việt National Socialist Party, accusing it of conspiring to conduct harmful activities independent background. Đại Việt National Socialist Party was accused of aiding foreign countries to endanger independence.

Structure

*Union forces: Daiviet National Revolutionary Committee (Đại Việt Quốc gia Cách mệnh Ủy viên Hội, simply "Tristar Front"). The forerunner of the Constitutional National Assembly of the

. **Daiviet National Socialist Party **Annam Nationalist Party **Vietnam Patriotic Party **

Vietnamese Democratic Socialist Party The Viet Nam Democratic Socialist Party () was a political party in South Vietnam. History It was founded in 1944 by Huỳnh Phú Sổ, the founder of Vietnamese new religious movement Hòa Hảo. The party was formed through the unity of a sec ...

**Daiviet Nationalist Party **Vietnam Nationalist Party ** ..*Youth forces: Flag of Annamese Youth Association.svg, Annamese Youth Association (An Nam Thanh niên Hội), branch in the Central region. The force was large and the most powerful. TNTP insignia.jpg, Vanguard Youth League (Tiền phong Thanh niên Đoàn), branch in

(

Saigon Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) ('','' TP.HCM; ), commonly known as Saigon (; ), is the most populous city in Vietnam with a population of around 14 million in 2025. The city's geography is defined by rivers and canals, of which the largest is Saigo ...

and some sacramental areas). Drapeau de l'Union des Jeunes de la SFIO (Indochine).svg, Social Youth League (Xã hội Thanh niên Đoàn), as a branch of the

SFIO The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output. These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header . The functionality descends from a "portable I/O package" written by Mike Lesk at ...

and

. *Peripheral forces: Vietnam National Restoration League ("Vietnam National Building Force" branch of commander Trần Trung Lập), Vietnam Revolutionary League, Daiviet Populist Revolutionary Party. These groups have existed under the illegal state of the

regime but with Japanese support.

Influence

In media

*The 1969 Cambodian movie ''The Rose of Bokor'' (ផ្កាកុលាបភ្នំបូកគោ, Rose de Bokor) directed and produced by Prince

Norodom Sihanouk Norodom Sihanouk (; 31 October 192215 October 2012) was a member of the House of Norodom, Cambodian royal house who led the country as Monarchy of Cambodia, King, List of heads of state of Cambodia, Chief of State and Prime Minister of Cambodi ...

. *The 1996 Vietnamese TV series ''The Alluvial Roads'' (Những nẻo đường phù sa) by the HCMC Television Film Studios. *The 2004 Vietnamese miniseries ''Ngọn nến hoàng cung'' ('' A Candle in the Imperial Palace'') began with the coup d'état in Indochina. *The Vietnamese TV series '' Under The Flag of Great Cause'' (Dưới cờ đại nghĩa) in 2006 dedicated an episode about the coup d'état in 1945. *The US documentary series ''Vietnam & East Asian in 35 Years of Fire Storm'' (Việt Nam - Đông Á : 35 năm bão lửa) in 2009 by the VABC Digital Production. *The Vietnamese TV miniseries '' The Horse Gallops in the Southern Sky'' (Vó ngựa trời Nam) in 2010 also dedicated an episode over the coup. *The French film ''

To the Ends of the World ''To the Ends of the World'' () is a 2018 French film directed by Guillaume Nicloux. It was selected to screen in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival. Cast * Gaspard Ulliel : Robert Tassen * Guillaume Gouix : Cavagn ...

'' in 2018, directed by

Guillaume Nicloux Guillaume Nicloux (; born 3 August 1966) is a French novelist, director and actor. He is the founder of the theatre company La Troupe. He has written crime fiction and directed films for cinema and French television. He won the Best Screenplay Aw ...

, set during the Japanese coup, where a French soldier sought revenge against a

Việt Minh The Việt Minh (, ) is the common and abbreviated name of the League for Independence of Vietnam ( or , ; ), which was a communist-led national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Vi ...

officer for the deaths of his friends and relatives under the Japanese. *The French film '' Les Derniers Hommes'' (The Last Men) directed by

David Oelhoffen David Oelhoffen (born 1968) is a French film director and screenwriter. His debut feature '' In Your Wake'' premiered in the International Critics' Week of the 2007 Cannes Film Festival. His next film was '' Far from Men'' from 2014, which is ba ...

which was released in 2024, is set during the retreat to China following the March Coup. It was adapted from the novel ''Les Chiens jaunes'' written by Alain Gandy in 1991. *The 2022 Cambodian TV series '' The Son Under the Full Moon'' (កូនប្រុសក្រោមពន្លឺព្រះចន្ទពេញបូណ៌មី) by Bayon TV.

Memorial

*On 25 March 1957, the former Rue des Tuileries (1st district of Paris) was renamed Avenue Général-Lemonnier in honour of the French general who refused to capitulate at the Battle of Lang Son. A plaque is located there describing the general's heroic refusal to surrender.Jacques Hillairet, ''Dictionnaire historique des rues de Paris'', Paris, Les Éditions de Minuit, 1972, 1985, 1991, 1997 , etc. (1st ed. 1960), 1,476 p., 2 vol. (, ), pp. 573–578 Bản dụ số 1 - Ngày mồng bốn tháng hai năm Bảo Đại thứ hai mươi (17-03-1945) - Bùi Quang Tuấn (16 August 2020).jpg, An imperial edict issued by Emperor Bảo Đại affirming Vietnamese independence and the joining of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere under Japanese leadership. France lost French Indochina by Japanese coup d'etat, March 9, 1945.jpg, A souvenir postcard regarding the Japanese coup d’état in French Indochina, March 9, 1945. Tem in dưới thời Đế quốc Việt Nam.jpeg, The stamp of the independent event for the

after the Japanese coup d'état. Plaque Émile Lemonnier, Avenue du Général-Lemonnier, Paris 1.jpg, Plaque on Avenue Général-Lemonnier in

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

in his honour. PP0045550 Sa Majesté Bao Dai à Lang-Son.jpg, Emperor Bảo Đại in his visiting Lang-Son March 1945 Martyr Memorial in February 3, 1950. PP0045551 Sa Majesté Bao Dai à Lang-Son.jpg, His Majesty Bảo Đại put a flower ring at the March 1945 martyr stele.

History

Activities

Dissolution

Structure

Influence

In media

Memorial

See also

Notes and references

Notes

References

Further reading

Bibliography

External links