Đèo Văn Trị ( vi-hantu, 刁文持, 1849 – 1908 in

Lai Châu Lai Châu () is a city in the Northwest region of Vietnam. It is the capital city of Lai Châu Province. The city borders Phong Thổ District, Sìn Hồ District và Tam Đường District. History Lai Châu, or Muang Lay (Vietnamese: Mư� ...

) also known as his Lao name Cam Oum (or Khamhum, lo, ຄຳອຸ້ມ), was the White Tai leader at Muang Lay in the

Sip Song Chau Tai The Sip Song Chau TaiOther spellings include: Sip Song Chau Thai, Sipsong Chuthai, Sipsong Chu Tai, Sip Song Chu Tai, Sipsongchuthai, Sip Song Chu Thai, Sipsong Chau Tai, Sip Song Chao Thai, Sipsong Chao Tai, Sipsongchutai, Sipsong Chao Thai. ("Tw ...

or Federation of the Twelve Tai states, of the

Tai Dam people The Tai Dam ( Tai Dam: , lo, ໄຕດຳ, th, ไทดำ) are an ethnic minority predominantly from China, northwest Vietnam, Laos, Thailand. They are part of the Tai peoples and ethnically similar to the Thai from Thailand, the Lao from ...

. Đèo Văn Trị was a son of Đèo Văn Sinh (Kham Sing). In his early life Đèo Văn Trị had studied as a monk at

Wat Xieng Thong Wat Xieng Thong ( lo, ວັດຊຽງທອງ; "Temple of the Golden City") is a Buddhist temple (vat or wat) on the northern tip of the peninsula of Luang Phrabang, Laos.Lall, Vikram. ''The Golden Lands: Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar ...

temple in

Luang Phrabang Luang Phabang, ( Lao: ຫລວງພະບາງ/ ຫຼວງພະບາງ) or ''Louangphabang'' (pronounced ), commonly transliterated into Western languages from the pre-1975 Lao spelling ຫຼວງພຣະບາງ (ຣ = silent r ...

. He held the de facto power from 1886, although his father was still alive. At that time, French extended their control in Tonkin. Trị stood by the Vietnamese

Nguyễn dynasty The Nguyễn dynasty (chữ Nôm: 茹阮, vi, Nhà Nguyễn; chữ Hán: 阮朝, vi, Nguyễn triều) was the last Vietnamese dynasty, which ruled the unified Vietnamese state largely independently from 1802 to 1883. During its existence, ...

. He responded with

Tôn Thất Thuyết Tôn Thất Thuyết (尊室説; 12 May 1839 in Huế – 1913 in Longzhou) was the leading mandarin of Emperor Tự Đức of Vietnam's Nguyễn dynasty The Nguyễn dynasty (chữ Nôm: 茹阮, vi, Nhà Nguyễn; chữ Hán: 阮� ...

's Cần Vương movement together with

Nguyễn Văn Giáp Nguyễn () is the most common Vietnamese surname. Outside of Vietnam, the surname is commonly rendered without diacritics as Nguyen. Nguyên (元）is a different word and surname. By some estimates 39 percent of Vietnamese people bear this ...

and Ngô Quang Bích. Thuyết had sought for political refuge in Muang Lay, however, Thuyết did not trusted him. Later, Thuyết fled to China. Trị also made common cause with Chinese

Black Flag Army The Black Flag Army (; , chữ Nôm: 軍旗𬹙) was a splinter remnant of a bandit group recruited largely from soldiers of ethnic Zhuang background, who crossed the border in 1865 from Guangxi, China into northern Vietnam, then during the Ng ...

. Đèo Văn Trị sought help from Siamese, but Siamese occupied

Muang Thaeng Muang Thaeng or Mường Thèn is a legendary Tai locality believed to be associated with modern-day Mường Thanh Valley in Điện Biên province of Vietnam. In legend, it is the initial settlement of Tai people migrating southward from Yu ...

and attempted to place Sip Song Chau Tai under Siamese control. During the

Haw wars The Haw Wars ( th, สงครามปราบฮ่อ) were fought against Chinese quasi-military refugee gangs invading parts of Tonkin and the Siam from 1865–1890. Forces invading Lao domains were ill-disciplined and freely demolished ...

, three of his younger brothers were captured and held prisoner by a Siamese military expedition, which made him enraged. In 1887, Đèo Văn Trị's Dai soldiers together with Chinese Black Flag Army soldiers, sacked

Auguste Pavie Auguste Jean-Marie Pavie (31 May 1847 – 7 June 1925) was a French colonial civil servant, explorer and diplomat who was instrumental in establishing French control over Laos in the last two decades of the 19th century. After a long career i ...

prevented the capture of the ailing local ruler Oun Kham and had him taken to safety but Đèo Văn Trị captured the local uparat prince

Souvanna Phomma Souvanna Phomma was installed as oupahat, a royal title for the viceroy of a Buddhist dynasty, of Luang Phrabang in 1878. He authored a ''History of Louang Phrabang'' and had nineteen sons, including Bounkhong, thirty-one daughters, and 3 grandc ...

and executed him on June 8, 1887. Đèo Văn Trị used the temple as his headquarters, along with Wat Suwannaphumaham, sparing them any damage. Pavie allied with Đèo Văn Trị and France recognised him as leader of

in 1890.Where China Meets Southeast Asia: Social & Cultural Change in the ... - Page 107 Grant Evans, Christopher Hutton, Khun Eng Kuah - 2000 "A major figure with whom the early French administration allied was the White Tai leader Deo Van Tri, who died in 1909. ... of Auguste Pavie, who in return made him the official and fully fledged leader of the Sip Song Chau Tai in 1890." Siamese released his brothers back to Sip Song Chau Tai. He was succeeded by his son

Đèo Văn Long Đèo Văn Long (15 March 1887 – 20 November 1975) was the White Tai leader of the Autonomous Tai Federation of Northwestern Tonkin in post-war French Indochina.Vietnam - Guide Michelin, 2010 Page 232 "Nommé gouverneur du district par l'adm ...

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deo, Van Tri 1849 births 1908 deaths People of French Indochina History of Laos