Đèo Văn Long (15 March 1887 – 20 November 1975) was the White Tai leader of the

Autonomous Tai Federation The Sip Song Chau TaiOther spellings include: Sip Song Chau Thai, Sipsong Chuthai, Sipsong Chu Tai, Sip Song Chu Tai, Sipsongchuthai, Sip Song Chu Thai, Sipsong Chau Tai, Sip Song Chao Thai, Sipsong Chao Tai, Sipsongchutai, Sipsong Chao Thai. ("Tw ...

of Northwestern

Tonkin Tonkin, also spelled ''Tongkin'', ''Tonquin'' or ''Tongking'', is an exonym referring to the northern region of Vietnam. During the 17th and 18th centuries, this term referred to the domain ''Đàng Ngoài'' under Trịnh lords' control, includi ...

in post-war

French Indochina French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China),; vi, Đông Dương thuộc Pháp, , lit. 'East Ocean under French Control; km, ឥណ្ឌូចិនបារាំង, ; th, อินโดจีนฝรั่งเศส, ...

.Vietnam - Guide Michelin, 2010 Page 232 "Nommé gouverneur du district par l'administration coloniale en 1940, Deo Van Long devint de fait le suzerain non seulement des Thaïs blancs de Muong Te et de Phong To, mais aussi des Thaïs noirs de Son La. Lorsqu'en 1945 le Viet-minh essaima à partirde sa base du Nord-Vietnam (voir « Histoire», p. 120), Deo Van Long quitta le pays pour la France, où il participa à... Réfugié au Laos, il gagna ensuite la France et mourut à Toulouse en 1975"

Auguste Pavie Auguste Jean-Marie Pavie (31 May 1847 – 7 June 1925) was a French colonial civil servant, explorer and diplomat who was instrumental in establishing French control over Laos in the last two decades of the 19th century. After a long career in ...

had allied with his father

Đèo Văn Trị Đèo Văn Trị ( vi-hantu, 刁文持, 1849 – 1908 in Lai Châu) also known as his Lao name Cam Oum (or Khamhum, lo, ຄຳອຸ້ມ), was the White Tai leader at Muang Lay in the Sip Song Chau Tai or Federation of the Twelve Tai stat ...

and France recognised him as leader of

Sip Song Chau Tai The Sip Song Chau TaiOther spellings include: Sip Song Chau Thai, Sipsong Chuthai, Sipsong Chu Tai, Sip Song Chu Tai, Sipsongchuthai, Sip Song Chu Thai, Sipsong Chau Tai, Sip Song Chao Thai, Sipsong Chao Tai, Sipsongchutai, Sipsong Chao Thai. ("Tw ...

in 1890. He was the scion of a hereditary feudal noble line with roots in

Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is ...

province. Đèo Văn Long generated much revenue for the Federation by acting as a

middleman Middle man or Middleman or The Middle Men may refer to: * an intermediary, such as: ** a wholesaler ** a reseller Film, television and books * ''Middle Man'' (film), a 2016 American black comedy * ''Middle Man'' (1990 film), the fifth installme ...

in the

opium Opium (or poppy tears, scientific name: ''Lachryma papaveris'') is dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy ''Papaver somniferum''. Approximately 12 percent of opium is made up of the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which i ...

traffic between the Tai Federation and the French. He compelled the Hmong of the Federation to sell to him at below- market prices, thus making enormous profit from his sales to the French. This made him rich, but severed his relationship with the Hmong of the Federation, who supported the

Viet Minh The Việt Minh (; abbreviated from , chữ Nôm and Hán tự: ; french: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam, ) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Fro ...

during the First Indochina War. His use of force to suppress Hmong resistance also decreased his popularity with the Hmong. As the

Điện Biên Phủ Điện Biên Phủ (, meaning: ''Established Frontier Prefecture''), is a city in the northwestern region of Vietnam. It is the capital of Điện Biên Province. The city is best known for the decisive Battle of Điện Biên Phủ, which occ ...

campaign came to an end, he was helicoptered away from

Lai Châu Lai Châu () is a city in the Northwest region of Vietnam. It is the capital city of Lai Châu Province. The city borders Phong Thổ District, Sìn Hồ District và Tam Đường District. History Lai Châu, or Muang Lay (Vietnamese: Mư� ...

Hanoi Hanoi or Ha Noi ( or ; vi, Hà Nội ) is the capital and second-largest city of Vietnam. It covers an area of . It consists of 12 urban districts, one district-leveled town and 17 rural districts. Located within the Red River Delta, Hanoi is ...

. He went first to Laos, then later immigrated to

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

as a

refugee A refugee, conventionally speaking, is a displaced person who has crossed national borders and who cannot or is unwilling to return home due to well-founded fear of persecution.

, but died shortly thereafter. His sons had died in battle leading White Tai partisans against the

, so in France leadership of the clan line was succeeded by his daughter

Deo Nang Toï Deo Nang Toï (1914–2008) was the daughter of Deo Van Long, the president of the Fédération Taï in North-West Vietnam and Laos under the last years of French Indochina. Following his death in Toulouse Toulouse ( , ; oc, Tolosa ) is ...

References

External links

* https://web.archive.org/web/20060822105343/http://www.drugtext.org:80/library/books/McCoy/book/27.htm
The Montagnards and the State in Northern Vietnam from 1802 to 1975: A Historical Overview

Deo Van Long and other lord of Laichau

Official website of Deo lord

Officiel "Auguste Pavie" website, many sources on Deo Van Tri
1887 births 1975 deaths People from Lai Châu Province People of the Tonkin Protectorate Tai peoples Vietnamese independence movement People of the First Indochina War Vietnamese refugees {{Vietnam-bio-stub