An Établissement d'hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (also called EHPAD) is the most widespread type of French

residential care Residential care refers to long-term care given to adults or children who stay in a residential setting rather than in their own home or family home. There are various residential care options available, depending on the needs of the individual. ...

for senior citizens.

History

After

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

residential care homes for senior citizens were called

hospice Hospice care is a type of health care that focuses on the palliation of a terminally ill patient's pain and symptoms and attending to their emotional and spiritual needs at the end of life. Hospice care prioritizes comfort and quality of life b ...

s. A French law of 3 June 1975 changed the designation to ''maison de retraite'' (

retirement home A retirement home – sometimes called an old people's home, old folks' home, or old age home, although ''old people's home'' can also refer to a nursing home – or rest home, is a multi-residence housing facility intended for the elderly. Ty ...

), partly because the old terminology had become derogatory. Another reform in 1999 created the new term ''Établissement d'hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes'' (EHPAD).

Operation

EHPADs can be public or privately owned. In 2017 of a total of 7000 in France 40% were public, 30% belonged to non-commercial organizations and 30% belonged to the private sector. The largest private groups managing EHPAD in France in 2020 were: * Korian, with approximately 25,000 beds * , with approximately 20,000 beds * , with approximately 17,000 beds.

Residents

The level of dependency of seniors in EHPADs is high: in 2011, more than 40% of residents had

Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems wit ...

, and three quarters had a

cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels. CVDs constitute a class of diseases that includes: coronary artery diseases (e.g. angina, heart attack), heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumati ...

Dependency levels

A standardized scale determines the level of dependency of a resident. This scale called GIR (groupe iso-ressources) has the following values: * GIR 1 : Total mental and physical dependency * GIR 2 : High mental and physical dependency * GIR 3 : Physical dependency * GIR 4 : Partial physical dependency * GIR 5 : Moderate dependency * GIR 6 : No dependency

Costs

The cost for a resident can be high. According to a 2010

KPMG KPMG is a multinational professional services network, based in London, United Kingdom. As one of the Big Four accounting firms, along with Ernst & Young (EY), Deloitte, and PwC. KPMG is a network of firms in 145 countries with 275,288 emplo ...

study the mean cost of one day for an EHPAD place is 49 € for accommodation and 24 € for care.

References

{{Cite journal , last=Lefelle , first=Marie , title=Utilisation de l'humour par les soignants en établissement d'hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes , journal=Elad-Silda , date=2024 , language=fr , publisher=université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 , issue=10 , doi=10.35562/elad-silda.1576 , issn=2609-6609 , doi-access=free Caregiving Elderly care Housing for the elderly