Üçyol (; ) is a village in the

Hasankeyf District Hasankeyf District is a district of Batman Province in Turkey. The town of Hasankeyf is the seat and the district had a population of 7,496 in 2021.

Batman Province Batman Province (, ; ) is a province in Turkey. It was created in May 1990 with the Law No. 3647 taking some parts from the eastern Province of Siirt and some from the southern Province of Mardin. Its area is 4,477 km2, and its population i ...

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

. The village is populated by

Kurds Kurds (), or the Kurdish people, are an Iranian peoples, Iranic ethnic group from West Asia. They are indigenous to Kurdistan, which is a geographic region spanning southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northeastern Syri ...

of both non-tribal affiliation and the Erebiyan tribe. It had a population of 415 in 2021. It is located on the south bank of the

Tigris The Tigris ( ; see #Etymology, below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian Desert, Syrian and Arabia ...

in the historic region of

Tur Abdin Tur Abdin (; ; ; or ) is a hilly region situated in southeast Turkey, including the eastern half of the Mardin Province, and Şırnak Province west of the Tigris, on the Syria–Turkey border, border with Syria and famed since Late Antiquity for ...

. The

hamlet ''The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark'', often shortened to ''Hamlet'' (), is a Shakespearean tragedy, tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601. It is Shakespeare's longest play. Set in Denmark, the play (the ...

of Kavak is attached to the village.

History

Dufne (today called Üçyol) has been identified as the site of the

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...

castrum ''Castra'' () is a Latin language, Latin term used during the Roman Republic and Roman Empire for a military 'camp', and ''castrum'' () for a 'Fortification, fort'. Either could refer to a building or plot of land, used as a fortified milita ...

'' Daphnoudis () in the province of

Mesopotamia Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent. Today, Mesopotamia is known as present-day Iraq and forms the eastern geographic boundary of ...

, mentioned by

George of Cyprus George of Cyprus (; Latinized as ''Georgius Cyprius'') was a Greek Byzantine geographer of the early seventh century. Nothing is known of his life save that he was a Byzantine Greek born at Lapithos in the island of Cyprus. He is known for his ...

in ''Descriptio Orbis Romani''.

Mar Mar, mar or MAR may refer to: Culture * Mar (title), or Mor, an honorific in Syriac * Earl of Mar, an earldom in Scotland * Mar., an abbreviation for March, the third month of the year in the Gregorian calendar * Biblical abbreviation for the ...

Aho the Anchorite founded a small monastery at the village in the sixth century AD called the Monastery of Dafneth, also known as the Monastery of Mar Aho. The Monastery of the Cross at Atafiya, also known as the Monastery of Makhar, was located near Dufne; it was believed to have been constructed by Emperor

Anastasius I Dicorus Anastasius I Dicorus (; – 9 July 518) was Roman emperor from 491 to 518. A career civil servant, he came to the throne at the age of 61 after being chosen by Ariadne, the wife of his predecessor, Zeno. His reign was characterized by refor ...

() and designed by the architects Theodosius and Theodorus. Cyril Yuhanna, son of the priest Simon of Bati, who had been ordained as

metropolitan bishop In Christianity, Christian Christian denomination, churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan (alternative obsolete form: metropolite), is held by the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a Metropolis (reli ...

Midyat Midyat (, , , ) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,241 km2, and its population is 120,069 (2022). In the modern era, the town is populated by Kurds, Mhallami Arabs and Assyrians. The old Estel neighborho ...

and the Monastery of the Cross at Atafiya () by Ignatius 'Aziz,

Patriarch of Tur Abdin From 1364 to 1816 the region of Tur Abdin constituted a distinct patriarchate within the Syriac Orthodox Church The Syriac Orthodox Church (), also informally known as the Jacobite Church, is an Oriental Orthodox Christian denomination, den ...

, was from Dufne. Basilius Denha,

maphrian The Maphrian ( or ''maphryono''), is the second-highest rank in the ecclesiastical hierarchy of the Syriac Orthodox Church, right below that of patriarch. The office of a maphrian is a maphrianate. There have been three maphrianates in the hist ...

of Tur Abdin, resided at the cloister of Mar Barsoum near Dufne in 1749, where he transcribed a book of ''husoyos'' (supplicatory prayers) for the

Resurrection Resurrection or anastasis is the concept of coming back to life after death. Reincarnation is a similar process hypothesized by other religions involving the same person or deity returning to another body. The disappearance of a body is anothe ...

. Dionysius Israel Sha’o of Basibrina, who had been metropolitan bishop of the Monastery of the Cross at Bethel in 1779, was transferred to the

metropolitan see Metropolitan may refer to: Areas and governance (secular and ecclesiastical) * Metropolitan archdiocese, the jurisdiction of a metropolitan archbishop ** Metropolitan bishop or archbishop, leader of an ecclesiastical "mother see" * Metropolitan ...

of Makhar and the Monastery of Dafneth (1792–1798). Cotton was cultivated at Dufne using irrigation from the Tigris. In 1914, it was populated by 200

Syriacs Syriac may refer to: * Suret, a Neo-Aramaic language * Syriac alphabet, a writing system primarily used to write the Syriac language ** Syriac (Unicode block) ** Syriac Supplement * Syriac Christianity, a branch of Eastern Christianity * Syriac lan ...

, as per the list presented to the

Paris Peace Conference Agreements and declarations resulting from meetings in Paris include: Listed by name Paris Accords may refer to: * Paris Accords, the agreements reached at the end of the London and Paris Conferences in 1954 concerning the post-war status of Germ ...

by the Assyro-Chaldean delegation. It was located in the ''

kaza A kaza (, "judgment" or "jurisdiction") was an administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire, administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. It is also discussed in English under the names district, subdistrict, and juridical district. Kazas co ...

'' of

. There were 40 Syriac families in 1915. The Syriacs adhered to the

Syriac Orthodox Church The Syriac Orthodox Church (), also informally known as the Jacobite Church, is an Oriental Orthodox Christian denomination, denomination that originates from the Church of Antioch. The church currently has around 4-5 million followers. The ch ...

. Amidst the

Sayfo The Sayfo (, ), also known as the Seyfo or the Assyrian genocide, was the mass murder and deportation of Assyrian people, Assyrian/Syriac Christians in southeastern Anatolia and Persia's Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan province by Ottoman Army ...

, the village was attacked by Kurds of the Rama tribe led by Amin Ahmad and the Syriacs were captured and taken to the Tigris, where they were killed and their bodies were thrown into the river, leaving only six survivors. The priest Shi'mun (Simon) was skinned alive. There were no remaining Syriacs at Dufne by 1987.

References

Notes Citations

Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * {{Hasankeyf District Villages in Hasankeyf District Kurdish settlements in Batman Province Historic Assyrian communities in Batman Province Places of the Sayfo Tur Abdin Mesopotamia (Roman province) Populated places in ancient Upper Mesopotamia