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Étrembières () is a commune in the
Haute-Savoie Haute-Savoie () is a Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regions of France, region of Southeastern France, bordering both Switzerland and Italy. Its Prefectures in France, prefecture is Annecy. To the north is Lake Gene ...
department in the
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (; AURA) or ; or ; . is a Regions of France, region in southeast-central France created by the 2014 territorial reform of French regions; it resulted from the merger of Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes. The new region came into e ...
region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as areas, zones, lands or territories, are portions of the Earth's surface that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and ...
in south-eastern
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
.


Geography

Étrembières territory is a land extension of long (5 miles), located at foot of mount
Salève The Salève (), or Mont Salève, is a mountain of the French Prealps located in the department of Haute-Savoie in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is also called the "Balcony of Geneva" (French: ''Balcon de Genève''). Geography Geographically, the ...
, and at banks of Arve River, between Annemasse, Gaillard and Bossey communes. The commune has a population of 1600 inhabitants (2006). The Sàleve mount surges at a steep cliff at west producing an inclination to the Arve's river valley. Sàleve mount is composed of two parts. The great Salève (1318 m.) and the small Salève (902 m.) apart from one of the other by the collar of Monnetier.


History


Prehistory

The region had a
prehistoric Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins  million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use o ...
occupation revealed by excavations, where upper
Magdalenian Magdalenian cultures (also Madelenian; ) are later cultures of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic in western Europe. They date from around 17,000 to 12,000 years before present. It is named after the type site of Abri de la Madeleine, a ro ...
period tools were found, such as
stone tool Stone tools have been used throughout human history but are most closely associated with prehistoric cultures and in particular those of the Stone Age. Stone tools may be made of either ground stone or knapped stone, the latter fashioned by a ...
s, decorated with
otter Otters are carnivorous mammals in the subfamily Lutrinae. The 13 extant otter species are all semiaquatic, aquatic, or marine. Lutrinae is a branch of the Mustelidae family, which includes weasels, badgers, mink, and wolverines, among ...
s and Alpine ibex figures.


Ancient history

The
Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...
road Genava crossed the Arve river to Etrembières, at the closest area between the banks of the river. A wooden bridge was built to improve the transportation between the two sides; although there is no mention of this bridge in the ancient period, it is mentioned in a 1304 agreement between the Count of Genevois and sire of Faucigny.


Middle Ages

From the 11th to the 15th centuries, Étrembières, and principally its bridge, were a strategic point of control of geneve count, during this time the social life was affected by the frequent battles between with the lords and the vassals of Gex, Mornex and Faucigny.


L'Escalade

After the Calvinist reform in Genovia, an important part of
catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
population existed in the small communes of the area. Étrembières is considered a catholic village. After Charles-Emmanuel, the duke of Savoie built the château des Terreaux, in 1602 started a military action to Genève, to recover part of the provinces caused by the signing of Lyon Treaty, in 1601, and to reestablish the Catholicism is the city. The expedition turned into a military disaster that ended with the signing of Saint-Julien treaty in 1603. Genève commemorated the victory with a celebration known as
L'Escalade ''L'Escalade'', or ''Fête de l'Escalade'' (from escalade, the act of scaling defensive walls), is an annual festival in Geneva, Switzerland, held each December commemorating the defeat of an attempt to conquer the Protestant city-state by th ...
.


Turin Treaties

After the Turin treaty, in 1754, signed between the
Republic of Genoa The Republic of Genoa ( ; ; ) was a medieval and early modern Maritime republics, maritime republic from the years 1099 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italy, Italian coast. During the Late Middle Ages, it was a major commercial power in ...
and the
Kingdom of Sardinia The Kingdom of Sardinia, also referred to as the Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica among other names, was a State (polity), country in Southern Europe from the late 13th until the mid-19th century, and from 1297 to 1768 for the Corsican part of ...
, Étrembières formed part of Caroug province, governed by the count of Veyrier. The town became again French in 1792 during the Italian campaign of
Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...
, ending in the Turin treaty of 1816 that reintegrated Étrembières to
Kingdom of Sardinia The Kingdom of Sardinia, also referred to as the Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica among other names, was a State (polity), country in Southern Europe from the late 13th until the mid-19th century, and from 1297 to 1768 for the Corsican part of ...
.


French annexion

On 24 March 1860 by the signing of the Franco-sardinian treaty Savoie was annexed to
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
, despite Étrembières after a popular plebiscite was favorable to be annexed with
Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...
. As many communes finally integrated the
Haute-Savoie Haute-Savoie () is a Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regions of France, region of Southeastern France, bordering both Switzerland and Italy. Its Prefectures in France, prefecture is Annecy. To the north is Lake Gene ...
department.


Modern history

In 1875, the plans for building a railway from Annecy to Annemasse were approved, and the following year it was attached to Collonges-Annemasse railway. The joining of this two railways was made at Étrembières. In 1879 a town hall and a school were constructed. In 1891 a
Rack railway A rack railway (also rack-and-pinion railway, cog railway, or cogwheel railway) is a steep grade railway with a toothed rack rail, usually between the running rails. The trains are fitted with one or more cog wheels or pinions that mesh with ...
was built that connected the town to Salève. In 1906 a school was created at l'Échelle pass and in 1922 the village was supplied with electricity. In 1932 the Salève
Aerial tramway An aerial tramway, aerial tram, sky tram, cable car or aerial cablecar, aerial cableway, ropeway, téléphérique (French), or Seilbahn (German) is a type of aerial lift which uses one or two stationary cables for support, with a third movin ...
was inaugurated for replace the Rack Railway that was decommissioned in 1935. In 1960 the commune restored the Étrembières Chapel. It was reopened on 9 April 1972 despite a new church was built at l'Échelle pass on 30 April 1967.


Demography


Landmarks and monuments


Castle of Étrembières

The Castle of Étrembières was constructed during the 13th century and was inaugurated in the 14th century. In 1328 was owned by a Genoan family, the Compey's. In 1539 the owner of the castle was Marin de Montchenu. In 1589 was used as
barracks Barracks are buildings used to accommodate military personnel and quasi-military personnel such as police. The English word originates from the 17th century via French and Italian from an old Spanish word 'soldier's tent', but today barracks ar ...
by the Geonan Troops that invaded Savoie. In 1606 was property of the Annecy hospital. During the 19th century, Daniel Colladon used the castle grounds for test a compressed air drill, used later in the construction of Mont-Cenis tunnel.


Castle des Terreaux

The château des Terreaux, or "Châtillon Castle", was constructed between the 14th century and the 15th century, located behind the Étrembières castle. In 1474 was ceded to Pierre de Châtillon in occasion of his marriage with Marguerite de Gerbais. Without any descendants, the castle was in 1530 owned by Marius d'Arenthon. In 1654 (and not in 1684 like is indicated in wrong versions), was ceded to François-Marie de la Fléchère, that married with Marie-Claudine d'Arenthon, niece of Genoa Prince Jean d'Arenthon. the last owner was Pierre-Claude de la Fléchère, that lived in the castle in 1722. After he abandoned the Terreaux it turned with the passage of time in ruins.


Symond Castle

Constructed after the 14th century, the Symond fortress commanded the access to l'Échelle pass, the roads of Salèvand the access to Monnetier village. In 1304 the castle was the property of the Villette family, vassals of Genoa Counts, Later in 1565 owned by Cluses Marquess, Martin du Fresnoy. In 1722, was acquired by Louis de Portes that sold it again, in 1743, to de la Fléchère family. After the death of Veyrier count, the castle was owned by François Diday that lived in it until 1847, the year in which he sold it to a religious congregation, the "Fidèles Compagnes de Jésus". During this period it was a pension until 1901. With any use in 1917, it was used by the red cross during the
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
. After the war, it was used as pension for sons of soldiers defunct during the war, and again was closed in 1932. It was reopened again during
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
for sons of soldiers. After the end of the war the S.N.C.F was property owner until 1957. In 2003 the facilities were closed for not meeting the security rules. Recently, the castle is under repairs.


See also

*
Communes of the Haute-Savoie department The following is a list of the 279 Communes of France, communes of the French Departments of France, department of Haute-Savoie. The communes cooperate in the following Communes of France#Intercommunality, intercommunalities (as of 2025):


References


External links


Official Site of Étrembières commune.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Etrembrieres Communes of Haute-Savoie