Alexandre Joseph Émile Brumpt (10 March 1877, in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

– 8 July 1951) was a French parasitologist. He studied

zoology Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...

and parasitology in Paris, obtaining his degree in science in 1901, and his medical doctorate in 1906. In 1919 he succeeded

Raphaël Blanchard Raphaël Anatole Émile Blanchard (28 February 1857 – 7 February 1919) was a French physician and naturalist who was a pioneer of medical zoology, with studies on parasites ranging from protozoa to worms and insects. Blanchard was born in Saint ...

(1857-1919) as professor of parasitology to the Faculté de Médecine de Paris, a position he maintained until 1948. Much of his career was spent performing research in Africa and

Latin America Latin America or * french: Amérique Latine, link=no * ht, Amerik Latin, link=no * pt, América Latina, link=no, name=a, sometimes referred to as LatAm is a large cultural region in the Americas where Romance languages — languages derived f ...

. Brumpt is credited for introducing a technique known as

xenodiagnosis Xenodiagnosis is a diagnostic method used to document the presence of infectious disease microorganisms or pathogens by exposing possibly infected tissue to a vector and then examining the vector for the presence of the microorganisms or pathogens ...

into parasitological research. In 1935 he described ''

Plasmodium gallinaceum ''Plasmodium gallinaceum'' is a species of the genus ''Plasmodium'' (subgenus '' Haemamoeba'') that causes malaria in poultry. Description This species was described by Alexandre Joseph Emile Brumpt (1877–1951) a French professor of parasit ...

'', an avian

malaria Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. S ...

parasite Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has ...

that infects chickens and other fowl. He also conducted important research involving the African

tsetse fly Tsetse ( , or ) (sometimes spelled tzetze; also known as tik-tik flies), are large, biting flies that inhabit much of tropical Africa. Tsetse flies include all the species in the genus ''Glossina'', which are placed in their own family, Glo ...

(''Glossina palpalis'') as a biological vector for

trypanosomiasis Trypanosomiasis or trypanosomosis is the name of several diseases in vertebrates caused by parasitic protozoan trypanosomes of the genus ''Trypanosoma''. In humans this includes African trypanosomiasis and Chagas disease. A number of other diseas ...

. In addition, he did extensive studies of the diseases:

schistosomiasis Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever, bilharzia, and Katayama fever, is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes. The urinary tract or the intestines may be infected. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody s ...

Chagas disease Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by ''Trypanosoma cruzi''. It is spread mostly by insects in the subfamily ''Triatominae'', known as "kissing bugs". The symptoms change over the cou ...

onchocerciasis Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is a disease caused by infection with the parasitic worm ''Onchocerca volvulus''. Symptoms include severe itching, bumps under the skin, and blindness. It is the second-most common cause of blindne ...

and

leishmaniasis Leishmaniasis is a wide array of clinical manifestations caused by parasites of the trypanosome genus ''Leishmania''. It is generally spread through the bite of phlebotomine sandflies, ''Phlebotomus'' and ''Lutzomyia'', and occurs most freq ...

. He described ''

Blastocystis hominis ''Blastocystis'' is a genus of single-celled heterokont parasites belonging to a group of organisms that are known as the Stramenopiles (also called Heterokonts) that includes algae, diatoms, and water molds. Blastocystis consists of several ...

'' and ''

Entamoeba dispar ''Entamoeba'' is a genus of Amoebozoa found as internal parasites or commensals of animals. In 1875, Fedor Lösch described the first proven case of amoebic dysentery in St. Petersburg, Russia. He referred to the amoeba he observed microscopi ...

''. The latter species helped to explain why most people who appeared to be infected with '' Entamoeba histolytica'' were asymptomatic. However, because there are no morphological differences between the two species, his proposal was largely ignored for over 50 years before being proven correct using molecular techniques. The

French Academy of Sciences The French Academy of Sciences (French: ''Académie des sciences'') is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French Scientific me ...

awarded him the Prix Savigny for 1910. A number of parasitic species bear his name, including ''

Plasmodium brumpti ''Plasmodium brumpti'' is a parasite of the genus ''Plasmodium'' subgenus '' Sauramoeba''. As in all ''Plasmodium'' species, ''P. brumpti'' has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are reptiles. Taxonomy Th ...

'' and '' Xenocoeloma brumpti''. Also, a genus of phlebotomine sand flies, '' Brumptomyia'', and a species of Corsican mosquito, '' Culex brumpti'', are named after him. Brumpt's best known written work i
''Précis de Parasitologie''
which was published in six editions between 1910 and 1949. He was the author of many scientific papers, including several on the Anopheles mosquito and its relationship to malaria. He was the President of the

Société zoologique de France La Société zoologique de France ( en, "Zoological Society of France"), founded in 1876 by Aimé Bouvier, is a scientific society devoted to Zoology. It publishes a bulletin and organises the Prix Gadeau de Kerville de la Société zoologique d ...

in 1922. With

Maurice Neveu-Lemaire Maurice Neveu-Lemaire (24 September 1872 in Montbéliard – 4 May 1951 in Paris) was a French physician and parasitologist. After receiving his degree in natural sciences (1895), he spent several years as an intern in marine laboratories at Banyul ...

and

Maurice Langeron Maurice Charles Pierre Langeron (3 January 1874, in Dijon – 27 June 1950, in Bourg-la-Reine) was a French mycologist, bryologist and paleobotanist. He studied natural sciences at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. In 1930 he ...

, he founded in 1923 the parasitological journal ''Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée'', now continued as ''

Parasite Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has ...

''.

Notes

References

The names of European mosquitoes: Part 7
by Keith Snow

Chronological Highlights (biography)

External links

* http://entamoeba.lshtm.ac.uk/brumpt.htm * http://www.pathexo.fr/pages/english/ObEBrump.html {{DEFAULTSORT:Brumpt, Emile French parasitologists French entomologists Malariologists 1877 births 1951 deaths Scientists from Paris Recipients of the Legion of Honour Manson medal winners