Ælfric Puttoc

Ælfric Puttoc (died 22 January 1051) was Archbishop of York from 1023 to his death, and briefly Bishop of Worcester from 1040 to 1041. He may have crowned Harold Harefoot in 1036, and certainly assisted in that king's disinterment in 1040 and at the coronation of Edward the Confessor in 1043. He founded houses of canons and encouraged the cult of John of Beverley.

Early career

Ælfric first appears in the historical record as the provost of New Minster, Winchester.Hunt "Ælfric" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' He was probably a native of Wessex.Cooper ''Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops'' p. 14 He became Archbishop of York in 1023,Fryde ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 224 but did not hold the see of Worcester at the same time, which had been traditional for a number of years. He was consecrated by Æthelnoth, the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Ælfric travelled to Rome in 1026 to receive his pallium from Pope John XIX. He was the first archbishop of York to travel to Rome for their pallium, all other palliums held by the archbishops previous to this having been sent to York. During King Cnut of England's reign, Ælfric received the manor of Patrington in Holderness from the king and his wife Emma of Normandy.Fletcher ''Bloodfeud'' p. 104 In 1036 he may have been the bishop who crowned Harold Harefoot king of England, since the Archbishop of Canterbury of the time was Æthelnoth, who supported Harold's rival Harthacnut.

Archbishop

However, when Harthacnut became king, Ælfric became a supporter of Harthacnut.Barlow ''English Church 1000–1066'' pp. 72–74 During Harthacnut's reign, Ælfric was sent with others to disinter Harold's body and throw it away. In 1040, Lyfing, Bishop of Worcester, was accused of taking part in the murder of Alfred, and Ælfric used the temporary disgrace of Lyfing to acquire his see. In fact, the chronicler John of Worcester relates the story that it was Ælfric himself who accused Lyfing of being involved in Alfred's murder, although whether to curry favour with the new king Harthacnut or in order to acquire Worcester is unclear.Walker ''Harold'' p. 16 Ælfric was deprived of his Worcester see in 1041, and Lyfing was reinstated.

Ælfric's main political activities took place during Harthacnut's reign, although he attested charters of Cnut, Harold Harefoot and Edward the Confessor also.Cooper ''Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops'' p. 16

Ælfric translated the relics of John of Beverley into a new shrine at Beverley in 1037, and worked to foster the cult of that saint, by providing new buildings and giving endowments to the church. An oddity of his time as archbishop was that instead of the normal descriptor on charters, Ælfric used instead.Barlow ''English Church 1000–1066'' p. 234 He continued the work of his predecessor in founding houses of canons in his archdiocese. A late medieval source recorded by the early modern antiquarian John Leland claims that Ælfric created the offices of sacristan, chancellor, and precentor at Beverley.Cooper ''Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops'' p. 17

Ælfric officiated with Archbishop Edsige of Canterbury at the coronation of Edward the Confessor at Winchester on 3 April 1043.Barlow ''Edward the Confessor'' p. 61

Death and legacy

Ælfric died at Southwell on 22 January 1051Barlow ''Edward the Confessor'' p. 104 and is buried in Peterborough Cathedral.Knowles ''Monastic Order in England'' p. 73 While the later medieval chronicler William of Malmesbury felt that Ælfric deserved rebuke, the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' called him "very venerable and wise".Quoted in Barlow ''English Church 1000–1066'' p. 73 Ælfric left his vestments and altar to Peterborough Abbey.

Ælfric's nickname, or byname, "Puttoc" probably means "kite" (the type of bird; confer Old English ''pyttel'', "kite; little hawk"), and may have been an invention by the monks of Worcester to belittle Ælfric. It may have meant "buzzard" also.Fletcher ''Bloodfeud'' p. 113-114 It never occurs without the Ælfric, so it is unlikely to have been a true second name.Cooper ''Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops'' pp. 17–18 The '' Northumbrian Priests' Law'' which is usually attributed to Ælfric's predecessor Wulfstan II, Archbishop of York, might have been authored instead by Ælfric, or possibly Ælfric's successor Cynesige.Fletcher ''Bloodfeud'' p. 128

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Aelfric Puttoc
Archbishops of York
1051 deaths
11th-century archbishops
Year of birth unknown
Burials at Peterborough Cathedral
11th-century English Roman Catholic bishops