Ángel Garma Zubizarreta, most widely known as Ángel Garma (24 June 1904,

Bilbao Bilbao is a city in northern Spain, the largest city in the Provinces of Spain, province of Biscay and in the Basque Country (greater region), Basque Country as a whole. It is also the largest city proper in northern Spain. Bilbao is the List o ...

- 29 January 1993,

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, controlled by the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southwest of the Río de la Plata. Buenos Aires is classified as an Alpha− glob ...

) was a Spanish-Argentinian

psychoanalyst PsychoanalysisFrom Greek: and is a set of theories and techniques of research to discover unconscious processes and their influence on conscious thought, emotion and behaviour. Based on dream interpretation, psychoanalysis is also a talk th ...

who has been called the 'founder' of

psychoanalysis PsychoanalysisFrom Greek language, Greek: and is a set of theories and techniques of research to discover unconscious mind, unconscious processes and their influence on conscious mind, conscious thought, emotion and behaviour. Based on The Inte ...

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

. He wrote on

psychosis In psychopathology, psychosis is a condition in which a person is unable to distinguish, in their experience of life, between what is and is not real. Examples of psychotic symptoms are delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized or inco ...

, psychosomatic illnesses such as gastric ulcers and

headaches A headache, also known as cephalalgia, is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck. It can occur as a migraine, tension-type headache, or cluster headache. There is an increased risk of depression in those with severe headaches. Head ...

, and

dream interpretation Dream interpretation is the process of assigning meaning to dreams. In many ancient societies, such as those of Egypt and Greece, dreaming was considered a supernatural communication or a means of divine intervention, whose message could be in ...

Life

Born in

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

of a

Basque Basque may refer to: * Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France * Basque language, their language Places * Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France * Basque Country (autonomous co ...

family, Garma studied medicine in

Madrid Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It i ...

. He then studied in

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

under

Robert Gaupp Robert Eugen Gaupp (3 October 1870 – 30 August 1953) was a German psychiatrist and neurologist who was a native of Neuenbürg, Württemberg. Gaupp was an assistant to Carl Wernicke (1848–1905) and Karl Bonhoeffer (1868–1948) at Breslau, and ...

and

Karl Bonhoeffer Karl Bonhoeffer (; March 31, 1868 – December 4, 1948) was a German neurologist, psychiatrist and physician. Life Bonhoeffer was born in Neresheim in the Kingdom of Württemberg to Friedrich von Bonhoeffer (1828–1907), who worked as judge ...

and underwent analysis with

Theodor Reik Theodor Reik (; 12 May 1888 – 31 December 1969) was a psychoanalyst who trained as one of Freud's first students in Vienna, Austria, and was a pioneer of lay analysis in the United States. Education and career Psychology Reik received a Ph.D ...

at the Berlin Institute of Psychoanalysis. A 1931 paper to the Berlin Psychoanalytic Association proposed - in contrast to

Freud Sigmund Freud ( ; ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in t ...

, who held that psychotics repressed reality to satisfy the id - that psychotics repress the id more drastically than do neurotics. He practiced as a psychoanalyst in Spain from 1931 to 1936 before moving to France and finally emigrating to

in 1938. He helped found the Argentinian Psychoanalytical Association (APA) in late 1942, serving as its first president from 1942 to 1944,R. Horacio Etchegoyen, 'Angel Garma', ''Gale Doctionary of Psychoanalysis''
Reprinted online
at answers.com. and the journal ''Revista de psicoanálisis''.Claudine Geissmann-Chambon and Pierre Geissmann, ''A History of Child Psychoanalysis'', Routledge, 1998, p.281

Works

* 'Die Realität und das Es in der Schizophrenie' eality and the Id in Schizophrenia read October 1931 * 'La realidad exterior y los instintos en la esquizofrenia' xternal Reality and the Instincts in Schizophrenia 1931 * ''Psicoanálisis de los sueños'', Buenos Aires: El Ateneo, 1940. ** French translation: ''La psychanalyse des rêves'', Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1954. ** English translation: ''The psychoanalysis of dreams'', Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1966. With an introduction by

Bertram D. Lewin Bertram David Lewin (30 November 1896 – 8 January 1971) was an American psychoanalyst who was both an acute clinician and a contributor to theory, particularly to the study of elation, and of the dream screen. Training and contributions Lewin ha ...

. * ''Ensayo de psicoanálisis de Arthur Rimbaud'', 1941 * ''Sadismo y masoquismo en la conducta'', 1943 * ''Génesis psicosomática y tratamiento de las úlceras gástricas y duodenales'', 1954 ** French translation: ''La Psychanalyse et les ulcères gastro-duodénaux'', 1957 ** English translation: ''Peptic ulcer and psychoanalysis'', Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1958. * ''Les maux de tête'', Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1962. Translated by Elza Ribeiro Hawelka * ''Le rêve: traumatisme et hallucination'', Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1970. * ''Nuevos Aportaciones al psicoanálisis de los sueños'' ew Contributions to the Psychoanalysis of Dreams Buenos Aires: Paidós, 1970 * ''Tratado mayor del psicoanálisis de los sueños'' omprehensive Treaty on the Psychoanalysis of Dreams Madrid: Contenido, 1985.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Garma, Angel 1904 births 1993 deaths Argentine psychoanalysts Argentine non-fiction writers Spanish emigrants to Argentina Argentine people of Basque descent Analysands of Theodor Reik Analysands of Paul Federn