.es (españa) is the
country code top-level domain
A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all tw ...
(ccTLD) for
Spain
Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
administered by the Network Information Centre of Spain.
Server
The .es domain does not have a conventional
WHOIS server operating on port 43, but WHOIS queries can be made using a page on ESNIC's website.
Registration
Registrations are permitted at the second level or at the third level beneath various generic second level categories.
Some qualifications and restrictions apply to third-level registrations depending on which second-level domain they are within.
Second-level registrations have had some limitations including requiring registrants to have a connection with Spain, but these restrictions were lifted in a multi-stage process completed by the end of 2005, at which point registrations at the second level of .es were open to anybody worldwide.
Until the liberalization in November 2005, registering in .es was expensive and encumbered compared to other ccTLDs.
The second-level word had to be either a
trade mark
A trademark (also written trade mark or trade-mark) is a form of intellectual property that consists of a word, phrase, symbol, design, or a combination that identifies a product or service from a particular source and distinguishes it from oth ...
valid in Spain, the exact name of the registering business or association, or the first name and
at least the first surname of the registering individual.
Common words and placenames were unregisterable.
There was also a requirement of a minimum of three characters in the name, though some exceptions lik
hp.es(
Hewlett-Packard
The Hewlett-Packard Company, commonly shortened to Hewlett-Packard ( ) or HP, was an American multinational information technology company. It was founded by Bill Hewlett and David Packard in 1939 in a one-car garage in Palo Alto, California ...
Spain) an
pp.es(
People's Party) were allowed.
Second-level domains
There are a number of second-level domains:
Alternatives
As an alternative, many Spanish organizations registered under
.com,
.org or
.net
The .NET platform (pronounced as "''dot net"'') is a free and open-source, managed code, managed computer software framework for Microsoft Windows, Windows, Linux, and macOS operating systems. The project is mainly developed by Microsoft emplo ...
. While being
generic top-level domain
Generic top-level domains (gTLDs) are one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Domain Name System of the Internet. A top-level domain is the last level of ev ...
s, organisations may also use one or more other regional variants below:
Domain hacks
Although very popular in Spain for its intended use, .es has been used for
domain hack
A domain hack is a domain name that suggests a word, phrase, or name when concatenating two or more adjacent levels of that domain. For example, and , using the domains ''.bot'' and ''.le'', suggest the words ''robot'' and ''example'' respective ...
s such as geociti.es, a website mirroring
Geocities
GeoCities, later Yahoo! GeoCities, was a web hosting service that allowed users to create and publish websites for free and to browse user-created websites by their theme or interest, active from 1994 to 2009. GeoCities was started in November 1 ...
; adspac.es, a mobile-based advertising firm; thelettervsixtim.es, for the game
VVVVVV
''VVVVVV'' (, ) is a 2010 puzzle-platform game created by Terry Cavanagh. In the game, the player controls Captain Viridian, who must rescue their spacecrew after a teleporter malfunction caused them to be separated in Dimension VVVVVV. T ...
; and iTun.es for
iTunes Ping URL shortening.
References
External links
IANA .es whois informationESNIC website
{{DEFAULTSORT:ES
Country code top-level domains
Internet in Spain
Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries members
Internet properties established in 1988