Ali Khalil ( Chagatai and

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

: علی خلیل), also known as Ali-Sultan ( Chagatai and

: علی سلطان), was the khan (r.1339-1342) of the

Chagatai Khanate The Chagatai Khanate, also known as the Chagatai Ulus, was a Mongol and later Turkification, Turkicized khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan, second son of Genghis Khan, and his descendants and successors. At its height in the l ...

. He was a descendant of

Qadan Kadan (also Qadan) was the son of the second Great Khan of the Mongols Ögedei and a concubine. He was the grandson of Genghis Khan and the brother of Güyük Khan. During the Mongol invasion of Europe, Kadan, along with his cousin Baidar (son ...

, son of the second

Great Khan Khagan or Qaghan ( Middle Mongol:; or ''Khagan''; ) or zh, c=大汗, p=Dàhán; ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan, Khaqan, Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, Қан, or Kha'an is a title of imperial ...

Ögedei. 'Ali attacked the ordo (palace) of Yesun Temur and usurped the throne. He was the first and last one who had restored the Ögedeid authority over the Chagatai Khanate since the reigns of

Kaidu Kaidu (; Middle Mongol: , Modern Mongol: , ''Khaidu'' ; c. 1235 – 1301) was a grandson of the Mongol khagan Ögedei (1185–1241) and thus leader of the House of Ögedei and the '' de facto'' khan of the Chagatai Khanate, a division of t ...

and his son Chapar. During his reign, Islam fully absorbed the Chagatai

Mongols Mongols are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, China ( Inner Mongolia and other 11 autonomous territories), as well as the republics of Buryatia and Kalmykia in Russia. The Mongols are the principal member of the large family o ...

and 'Ali persecuted followers of other religions. He is the one who ordered the killing of six Franciscan friars at Almalik in 1339, as depicted in ''The Martyrdom of the Franciscans'', by

Ambrogio Lorenzetti Ambrogio Lorenzetti (; – after 9 August 1348) was an Italian painter of the Sienese school. He was active from approximately 1317 to 1348. He painted ''The Allegory of Good and Bad Government'' in the Sala dei Nove (Salon of Nine or Council Ro ...

. File:Ambrogio_Lorenzetti,_Martirio_di_cinque_frati_francescani,_1336-37_circa,_dalla_sala_capitolare_(detail).jpg, ''The Martyrdom of the Franciscans'', painted by Ambrogio Lorenzetti in 1342, took place in Almaliq in 1339. The central ruler who ordered the killing was Ali Sultan. File:Mongol tumen commander.jpg, Mongol tumen commander. File:Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Martirio di cinque frati francescani, 1336-37 circa, dalla sala capitolare, 10.jpg, Martyrdom of five Franciscan friars

References

* Ц.Энхчимэг - "Монголын цагаадайн улс" 2006 он * THE SHAJRAT UL ATRAK, OR GENEALOGICAL TREE OF THE TURKS AND TATARS; TRANSLATED AND ABRIDGED translated by Col. Miles. Chagatai khans Mongol Empire Muslims 14th-century monarchs in Asia Year of birth unknown Place of birth unknown Year of death unknown Place of death unknown {{CAsia-hist-stub