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Zygomycosis
Zygomycosis is the broadest term to refer to infections caused by ''bread mold fungi'' of the zygomycota phylum. However, because zygomycota has been identified as polyphyletic, and is not included in modern fungal classification systems, the diseases that zygomycosis can refer to are better called by their specific names: mucormycosis (after Mucorales), phycomycosis (after Phycomycetes) and basidiobolomycosis (after '' Basidiobolus''). These rare yet serious and potentially life-threatening fungal infections usually affect the face or oropharyngeal (nose and mouth) cavity. Zygomycosis type infections are most often caused by common fungi found in soil and decaying vegetation. While most individuals are exposed to the fungi on a regular basis, those with immune disorders (immunocompromised) are more prone to fungal infection. These types of infections are also common after natural disasters, such as tornadoes or earthquakes, where people have open wounds that have become filled w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phycomycosis
Phycomycosis is an uncommon condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract and skin, most commonly found in dogs and horses. The condition is caused by various molds (a type of fungi), with individual forms including pythiosis, zygomycosis, and lagenidiosis. Pythiosis, the most common type, is caused by ''Pythium'', a type of water mould. Zygomycosis can be caused by two types of zygomycetes: ''Entomophthorales'' (e.g., '' Basidiobolus'' and '' Conidiobolus'') and ''Mucorales'' (e.g., ''Mucor'', '' Mortierella'', ''Absidia'', ''Rhizopus'', '' Rhizomucor'', and '' Saksenaea''). The latter type of zygomycosis is also referred to as mucormycosis. Lagenidiosis is caused by a '' Lagenidium'' species, which like ''Pythium'' is a water mould. Since both pythiosis and lagenidiosis are caused by organisms from the Oomycetes and not the kingdom fungi, they are sometimes collectively referred to as oomycosis. Pythiosis Pythiosis is caused by ''Pythium insidiosum'' and occurs most commo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mucormycosis
Mucormycosis, also known as black fungus, is a severe fungal infection that comes under fulminant fungal sinusitis, usually in people who are immunocompromised. It is curable only when diagnosed early. Symptoms depend on where in the body the infection occurs. It most commonly infects the nose, sinuses, eyes and brain resulting in a runny nose, one-sided facial swelling and pain, headache, fever, blurred vision, bulging or displacement of the eye (proptosis), and tissue death. Other forms of disease may infect the lungs, stomach and intestines, and skin. The fatality rate is about 54%. It is spread by spores of molds of the order Mucorales, most often through inhalation, contaminated food, or contamination of open wounds. These fungi are common in soils, decomposing organic matter (such as rotting fruit and vegetables), and animal manure, but usually do not affect people. It is not transmitted between people. Risk factors include diabetes with persistently high blo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apophysomyces Elegans
''Apophysomyces'' is a genus of filamentous fungi that are commonly found in soil and decaying vegetation. Species normally grow in tropical to subtropical regions. The genus ''Apophysomyces'' historically was monospecific, containing only the type species '' Apophysomyces elegans''. In 2010, three new species were described: ''variabilis'', ''trapeziformis'', and ''ossiformis''. Characteristics Among the other members of zygomycetes, ''Apophysomyces elegans'' mostly resembles those from genus ''Absidia''. However, its bell-shaped (although not conical) apophyses (outgrowth), the existence of its foot-cell like hyphal segment, rhizoids produced opposite to the sporangiophores upon cultivation on plain agar, the darker and thicker subapical segment, and inability to sporulate on routine culture media help in distinguishing ''Apophysomyces elegans''.Davise H. Larone, "Medically Important Fungi - A Guide to Identification", 3rd ed. (1995). (ASM Press, Washington, D.C.). (ISBN is f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Absidia Corymbifera
''Lichtheimia corymbifera'' is a thermophilic fungus in the phylum Zygomycota. It normally lives as a saprotrophic mold, but can also be an opportunistic pathogen known to cause pulmonary, CNS, rhinocerebral, or cutaneous infections in animals and humans with impaired immunity. Appearance ''Lichtheimia corymbifera'' was originally described as ''Mucor corymbifer'' in 1884 by Lichtheim from clinical isolations in Wrocław, Poland. At the time of the description, the species epithet, "corymbifer" was attributed to Cohn. In 1903, the fungus was transferred to the mucoralean genus ''Lichtheimia'' (honoring Lichtheim) by Jules Vuillemin as ''L. corymbifera''. In 1912 the species was again transferred by Saccardo and Trotter to the genus ''Absidia'' as ''A. corymbifera'' where it remained for most of the 20th century. Alastruey-Izquierdo and colleagues in 1991 transferred the species to the genus ''Mycocladus'', described originally by Beauverie in 1900. The type of ''Mycocladus'' ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antifungal Drug
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few are available over the counter (OTC). The evolution of antifungal resistance is a growing threat to health globally. Routes of administration Ocular Indicated when the fungal infection is located in the eye. There is currently only one ocular antifungal available: natamycin. However, various other antifungal agents could be compounded in this formulation. Intrathecal Used occasionally when there's an infection of the central nervous system and other systemic options cannot reach the concentration required in that region for therapeutic benefit. Example(s): amphotericin B. Vaginal This may be used to treat some fungal inf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mucorales
The Mucorales is the largest and best-studied order of zygomycete fungi. Members of this order are sometimes called pin molds. The term mucormycosis is now preferred for infections caused by molds belonging to the order Mucorales. Systematics The order includes: 11 families, 56 genera, and approximately 300 species. Mucoralean classification has traditionally been based on morphological, developmental, and ecological characteristics. Recently, molecular data has revealed that some aspects of traditional classification are quite artificial. For example, the Mucoraceae is believed to be polyphyletic, as are the Thamnidiaceae, Chaetocladiaceae and Radiomycetaceae. Some of the genera, (including '' Mucor'', ''Absidia'' and '' Backusella'') appear to be polyphyletic. Today, the traditional system is still largely in use, as further studies are needed to reconcile morphological and molecular concepts of families and genera. Families The order consists of the following fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomophthorales
The Entomophthorales are an order of fungi that were previously classified in the class Zygomycetes. A new subdivision, Entomophthoromycotina, in 2007, was circumscribed for them. Most species of the entomophthorales are pathogens of insects. A few attack nematodes, mites, and tardigrades, and some (particularly species of the genus '' Conidiobolus'') are free-living saprotrophs. The name "entomophthorales" is derived from the Ancient Greek for insect destroyer ('' entomo-'' = referring to insects, and '' phthor'' = "destruction"). Named after genus '' Entomophthora'' in 1856. Highlighted species * ''Basidiobolus ranarum'', a commensal fungus of frogs and a mammal pathogen * '' Conidiobolus coronatus'', a saprotrophic fungus of leaf litter and a mammal pathogen * '' Entomophaga maimaiga'', a biocontrol agent of spongy moths * '' Entomophthora muscae'', a pathogen of houseflies * '' Massospora'' spp., pathogens of periodical cicadas * '' Pandora'', including '' Pandora neoa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizopus
''Rhizopus'' is a genus of common saprophytic fungi on plants and specialized parasites on animals. They are found in a wide variety of organic substances, including "mature fruits and vegetables", jellies, syrups, leather, bread, peanuts, and tobacco. They are multicellular. Some ''Rhizopus'' species are opportunistic human pathogens that often cause fatal disease called mucormycosis. This widespread genus includes at least eight species. ''Rhizopus'' species grow as filamentous, branching hyphae that generally lack cross-walls (i.e., they are coenocytic). They reproduce by forming asexual and sexual spores. In asexual reproduction, spores are produced inside a spherical structure, the sporangium. Sporangia are supported by a large apophysate columella atop a long stalk, the sporangiophore. Sporangiophores arise among distinctive, root-like rhizoids. In sexual reproduction, a dark zygospore is produced at the point where two compatible mycelia fuse. Upon germination, a zygosp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizomucor Pusillus
''Rhizomucor pusillus'' is a thermophilic filamentous fungus belonging to the family Lichtheimiaceae, within the order Mucorales. It is known for its role in various industrial applications, particularly in enzyme production and food fermentation, and has been studied for its safety and potential use in human consumption. Diversity and ecology ''Rhizomucor pusillus'' belongs to the order Mucorales and the class Mucoromycetes. ''R. pusillus'' is a member of the phylum Mucoromycota (previously Zygomycota), which includes ''Rhizopus microsporus'', '' R. oligosporus'', and '' R. oryzae'', fungi that have been used for centuries to produce tempeh from the fermentation of soybeans. The Mucorales order belongs to the early diverging ancient fungi and is characterized by rapidly growing mycelium and amorph structures formed in large quantities. The ''Rhizomucor'' genus can be recognized by a morphology intermediate between ''Rhizopus'' and ''Mucor''. ''R. pusillus'' is a filamentous f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizomucor
''Rhizomucor'' is a genus of fungi in the family Lichtheimiaceae. The widespread genus contains six species. ''Rhizomucor parasiticus'', the species originally selected as the type, is now considered synonymous A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ... with '' Rhizomucor pusillus''. References Fungi Fungus genera Taxa described in 1900 {{Zygomycota-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
