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Zhelestid
Zhelestidae is a lineage of extinct eutherian mammals. Occurring in the Late Cretaceous from the Turonian to the Maastrichtian, they were an extremely successful group, with representatives present in Europe, Asia, India (and subsequently in Madagascar), Africa and North America, ostensibly rendering them a cosmopolitan clade. They were specialised towards an herbivorous lifestyle and were in fact initially considered stem-ungulates, but the presence of epipubics and "archaic" dental characters render them as non-placental eutherians. Range The earliest zhelestid remains occur in the of . By the |
Ravjaa
''Ravjaa ishiii'' is an extinct species of Zhelestidae, zhelestid mammal from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. It is the type and only known species of the genus ''Ravjaa'', which was described in 2025 based on a partial mandible recovered from the Bayanshiree Formation in the Gobi Desert. Discovery The Holotype, holotype specimen, MPC-M 100s/001, is a partial right dentary with a damaged premolar and three molars. It was recovered in 2019 from Fluvial sediment processes, fluvial deposits of the Bayanshiree Formation near Bayan Shiree in the Gobi Desert. The fossil was found by a joint expedition of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences and Okayama University of Science. Taxonomy ''Ravjaa ishiii'' belongs to the family Zhelestidae, an extinct group of Eutheria, eutherian mammals known from the Late Cretaceous of Eurasia and North America. Phylogenetics, Phylogenetic analysis places ''Ravjaa ishiii'' as a sister taxon to the subfamily Zhelestinae. The species is distinguished by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azilestes
''Azilestes'' ("Mas-d'Azil robber") is a genus of probable zhelestid eutherian mammal, a family consisting of small herbivores, that was discovered in the early Maastrichtian Grès de Labarre Formation of France.Gheerbrant E. & Teodori D. 2021. — An enigmatic specialized new eutherian mammal from the Late Cretaceous of Western Europe (Northern Pyrenees), in Folie A., Buffetaut E., Bardet N., Houssaye A., Gheerbrant E. & Laurin M. (eds), Palaeobiology and palaeobiogeography of amphibians and reptiles: An homage to Jean-Claude Rage. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (13): 207-223. https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a13 It is a monotypic genus, with only type species ''A. ragei'' being known. Only one specimen, the holotype described in 2021, is known. It consists of a partial dentary with teeth. Certain aspects of ''Azilestes'''s dental anatomy are heavily convergent with later groups of herbivorous mammals, including Glires, though phylogenetic analysis suggests a position within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eutherian
Eutheria (from Greek , 'good, right' and , 'beast'; ), also called Pan-Placentalia, is the clade consisting of placental mammals and all therian mammals that are more closely related to placentals than to marsupials. Eutherians are distinguished from non-eutherians by various phenotypic traits of the feet, ankles, jaws and teeth. All extant eutherians lack epipubic bones, which are present in all other living mammals (marsupials and monotremes). This allows for expansion of the abdomen during pregnancy, though epipubic bones are present in many primitive eutherians. Eutheria was named in 1872 by Theodore Gill; in 1880, Thomas Henry Huxley defined it to encompass a more broadly defined group than Placentalia. The earliest unambiguous eutherians are known from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China, dating around 120 million years ago. Two tribosphenic mammals, '' Durlstodon'' and '' Durlstotherium'' from the Berriasian age (~145–140 million years ago) of the Ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxlestes
''Oxlestes'' is an extinct mammal from the Late Cretaceous of Asia, more specifically from the Cenomanian of Uzbekistan. A carnivorous species of uncertain affinities, it is notable for its relatively large size, being among the largest of all Mesozoic mammals.L. A. Nessov. 1982. Drevneishie mlekopitaiushchie SSSR ncient mammals of the USSR Palyentologicheskogo Obshchyestva 25:228-243 Due to the limited amount of material, it has been considered a ''nomen dubium''. Description ''Oxlestes'' is currently a monotypic genus, containing a single species, ''O. grandis''. Its specimens were recovered in the Cenomanian-aged Khodzhakul Formation of Uzbekistan. The holotype, CCMGE 6/11758, is composed of an axis vertebra, dentaries, canine teeth and a sagittal crest. The axis is relatively narrow, with a long, pointed anterior process. There are two pairs of distinct foramina anterior and posterior to the dorsal transverse suture; modern placentals only bear one. It is about 1.9 centim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valentinella
''Valentinella'' is a Late Cretaceous genus of eutherian mammal from France.Tabuce, R., Vianey-Liaud, M. and Garcia, G., 2004A eutherian mammal in the latest Cretaceous of Vitrolles, southern France ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'', 49(3). It was originally known from some damaged lower and upper jaws, and was cautiously referred to the lainodontine zhelestid mammals. This identification was later questioned Gheerbrant, E. and Astibia, H., 2012Addition to the Late Cretaceous Laño mammal faunule (Spain) and to the knowledge of European “Zhelestidae”(Lainodontinae nov.) Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, 183(6), pp.537-546. and even considered a ''nomen dubium'' by some researchers,Archibald, J.D. and Averianov, A., 2012Phylogenetic analysis, taxonomic revision, and dental ontogeny of the Cretaceous Zhelestidae (Mammalia: Eutheria) ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'', 164(2), pp.361-426. and remains uncertain due to the scarcity and fragmentary nature of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the more recent of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk. The chalk of northern France and the white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the Cretaceous Period. Climate During the Late Cretaceous, the climate was warmer than present, although throughout the period a cooling trend is evident. The tropics became restricted to equatorial regions and northern latitudes experienced markedly more seasonal climatic conditions. Geography Due to plate tectonics, the Americas were gradually moving westward, causing the Atlantic Ocean to expand. The Western Interior Seaway divided North America into eastern and western halves; Appalachia and Laramidia. India maintained a northward course towards Asia. In the Southern Hemisphere, Aus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labes (mammal)
:''Labes is also the German name of Łobez, Poland.'' As well as an extinct mammal. Labes (plural: ''labes'') is a Latin word used by exogeologists to refer to chaotic regions, featuring ridges and steep valleys, in the Valles Marineris region of Mars. Labes are named after the nearest classical albedo feature. List of labes This is a list of all named labes. Planetocentric coordinates A planetary coordinate system (also referred to as ''planetographic'', ''planetodetic'', or ''planetocentric'') is a generalization of the geographic, geodetic, and the geocentric coordinate systems for planets other than Earth. Similar coordina ... are given as planetocentric latitude with east longitude. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Labes on Mars Surface features of Mars Lists of Solar System objects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinct
Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and recover. As a species' potential Range (biology), range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxon, Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the Fossil, fossil record) after a period of apparent absence. Over five billion species are estimated to have died out. It is estimated that there are currently around 8.7 million species of eukaryotes globally, possibly many times more if microorganisms are included. Notable extinct animal species include Dinosaur, non-avian dinosaurs, Machairodontinae, saber-toothed cats, and mammoths. Through evolution, species arise through the process of specia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammal
A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the Class (biology), class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles, middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles and birds, from which their ancestors Genetic divergence, diverged in the Carboniferous Period over 300 million years ago. Around 6,640 Neontology#Extant taxon, extant species of mammals have been described and divided into 27 Order (biology), orders. The study of mammals is called mammalogy. The largest orders of mammals, by number of species, are the rodents, bats, and eulipotyphlans (including hedgehogs, Mole (animal), moles and shrews). The next three are the primates (including humans, monkeys and lemurs), the Artiodactyl, even-toed ungulates (including pigs, camels, and whales), and the Carnivora (including Felidae, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turonian
The Turonian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy, ICS' geologic timescale, the second age (geology), age in the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch, or a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the Upper Cretaceous series (stratigraphy), Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.8 annum, Ma and 89.8 ± 1 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded by the Cenomanian Stage and underlies the Coniacian Stage. At the beginning of the Turonian an anoxic event, oceanic anoxic event (OAE 2) took place, also referred to as the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or the "Bonarelli Event". Sea level fall took place in the latter part of the Turonian from the highstand at the beginning of the Turonian. Stratigraphic definition The Turonian (French: ''Turonien'') was defined by the France, French paleontologist Alcide d'Orbigny (1802–1857) in 1842. Orbigny named it after the French city of Tours in the region of Touraine (department Indre-et-Loire), which is the original Typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
