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Yonkoma
is a comic strip format that generally consists of gag comic strips within four panels of equal size ordered from top to bottom. They also sometimes run right-to-left horizontally or use a hybrid 2×2 style, depending on the layout requirements of the publication in which they appear. Although the word ''yonkoma'' comes from Japanese, the style also exists outside Japan in other Asian countries as well as in the English-speaking market, particularly in mid-20th century United States strips, where ''Peanuts'' popularized the format. Origin Rakuten Kitazawa (who wrote under the name Yasuji Kitazawa) produced the first ''yonkoma'' in 1902. Entitled ''Jiji Manga'', it is thought to have been influenced by the works of Frank Arthur Nankivell and of Frederick Burr Opper. Structure Traditionally, ''yonkoma'' follow a structure known as '' kishōtenketsu''. This word is a compound formed from the following Japanese kanji characters: *''Ki'' (): The first panel forms the basis of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panel (comics)
A panel is an individual frame, or single drawing, in the multiple-panel sequence of a comic strip or comic book, as well as a graphic novel. A panel consists of a single drawing depicting a frozen moment. When multiple panels are present, they are often, though not always, separated by a short amount of space called a gutter. Newspaper daily strips typically consist of either four panels (''Doonesbury'', ''For Better or For Worse'') or three panels (''Garfield'', ''Dilbert''). These panels may all be of the same size, but many skilled cartoonists, such as Bill Watterson, Danny Vasquetto, Leonard Waldstein, Humphrey Powell, and Ginny Thomas vary the size and number of panels in each daily strip. The horizontal newspaper strip can also employ only a single panel, as sometimes seen in Wiley Miller's ''Non Sequitur (comic strip), Non Sequitur''. In Asia, a vertical four-panel arrangement (''yonkoma'') is common in newspapers, such as with ''Azumanga Daioh''. In a comic book or gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kishōtenketsu
describes the four-part Dramatic structure, structure of many classic Chinese language, Chinese, Korean language, Korean, Japanese language, Japanese and Vietnamese language, Vietnamese narratives. The parts can be summarized as: introduction, development, twist or reversal, and resolution. ''Kishōtenketsu'' as a narrative structure does not center Conflict (narrative), conflict as part of its structure, especially when compared to common Western narrative structures like Joseph Campbell's "Hero's Journey." This has led to the structure being popularly described as "without conflict," although narratives created using ''kishōtenketsu'', such as the 2019 South Korean film Parasite (2019 film), Parasite, can and often do contain conflict. History In China, this technique is called ''qǐchéngzhuǎnhé'' (). It was used in Chinese poetry in styles of four-line composition, such as Qijue. Qichengzhuanhe has been speculated to have originated with Li Bai during the Tang Dynasty, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manga
are comics or graphic novels originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, and the form has a long history in earlier Japanese art. The term is used in Japan to refer to both comics and cartooning. Outside of Japan, the word is typically used to refer to comics originally published in Japan. In Japan, people of all ages and walks of life read manga. The medium includes works in a broad range of genres: action, adventure, business and commerce, comedy, detective, drama, historical, horror, mystery, romance, science fiction and fantasy, erotica ( and ), sports and games, and suspense, among others. Many manga are translated into other languages. Since the 1950s, manga has become an increasingly major part of the Japanese publishing industry. By 1995, the manga market in Japan was valued at (), with annual sales of 1.9billion manga books and manga magazines (also known as manga anthologies) in Japan (equivale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank Arthur Nankivell
Frank Arthur Nankivell (1869–1959) was an Australian artist and political cartoonist, known for his caricatures in publications such as '' Puck''. Early life Nankivell was born to John and Annie Nankivell in Maldon, northwest of Castlemaine, Victoria in April, 1869. He was a book illustrator in New York circles of the 1910s and 1920s on such publications as '' Puck'', which was America's first successful humor magazine. He married Ada J. King in 1899 and had 2 children. She died in 1919. He then married Blanche Elizabeth Martin. The couple had two sons; John (1921–2012) m. Margaret Elizabeth Kreidler, and Ronald (1922–1971) m. Jean Denise McNulty. Nankivell died in 1959. Education Nankivell studied art at Wesley College, Melbourne. He later travelled to Japan and earned a living as a cartoonist in Tokyo where he made the acquaintance of Rakuten Kitazawa, who later became father of the Japanese comic art now known as manga. Nankivell left Japan in 1894 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jo-ha-kyū
is a concept of modulation and movement applied in a wide variety of traditional Japanese arts. Roughly translated to "beginning, break, rapid", it essentially means that all actions or efforts should begin slowly, speed up, and then end swiftly. This concept is applied to elements of the Japanese tea ceremony, martial arts (kenjutsu, iaido, kendō, karate), dramatic structure in the traditional theatre, and to the traditional collaborative linked verse forms renga and renku (haikai no renga). The concept originated in ''gagaku'' court music, specifically in the ways in which elements of the music could be distinguished and described. Though eventually incorporated into a number of disciplines, it was most famously adapted, and thoroughly analysed and discussed by the great Noh playwright Zeami, who viewed it as a universal concept applying to the patterns of movement of all things. Theatre It is perhaps in the theatre that ''jo-ha-kyū'' is used the most extensively, on t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serial (literature)
In literature, a serial is a printing or publishing format by which a single larger Creative work, work, often a work of Narrative, narrative fiction, is published in smaller, sequential instalments. The instalments are also known as ''numbers'', ''parts'', ''fascicules'' or ''fascicles'', and may be released either as separate publications or within sequential issues of a periodical publication, such as a magazine or newspaper. Serialisation can also begin with a single short story that is subsequently turned into a series. Historically, such series have been published in periodicals. Popular short-story series are often published together in book form as collections. Early history The growth of moveable type in the 17th century prompted episodic and often disconnected narratives such as ''L'Astrée'' and ''Artamène, Le Grand Cyrus''. At that time, books remained a premium item, so to reduce the price and expand the market, publishers produced large works in lower-cost Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Newspaper
A newspaper is a Periodical literature, periodical publication containing written News, information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports, art, and science. They often include materials such as opinion columns, weather forecasts, reviews of local services, Obituary, obituaries, birth notices, crosswords, editorial cartoons, comic strips, and advice columns. Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of Subscription business model, subscription revenue, Newsagent's shop, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. The journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often Metonymy, metonymically called newspapers. Newspapers have traditionally been published Printing, in print (usually on cheap, low-grade paper called newsprint). However, today most newspapers are also Electronic publishing, published on webs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graphic Novel
A graphic novel is a self-contained, book-length form of sequential art. The term ''graphic novel'' is often applied broadly, including fiction, non-fiction, and Anthology, anthologized work, though this practice is highly contested by comics scholars and industry professionals. It is, at least in the United States, typically distinct from the term ''comic book'', which is generally used for comics periodicals and Trade paperback (comics), trade paperbacks. Comics historian, Fan historian Richard Kyle coined the term ''graphic novel'' in an essay in the November 1964 issue of the comics fanzine ''Capa-Alpha''. The term gained popularity in the comics community after the publication of Will Eisner's ''A Contract with God'' (1978) and the start of the ''Marvel Graphic Novel'' line (comics), line (1982) and became familiar to the public in the late 1980s after the commercial successes of the first volume of Art Spiegelman's ''Maus'' in 1986, the collected editions of Frank Miller's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick Burr Opper
Frederick Burr Opper (January 2, 1857 – August 28, 1937) was one of the pioneers of American newspaper comic strips, best known for his comic strip '' Happy Hooligan''. His comic characters were featured in magazine gag cartoons, covers, political cartoons and comic strips for six decades. Born to Austrian-American German-speaking immigrants Lewis and Aurelia Burr Oppers in Madison, Ohio, Frederick was the eldest of three children. At the age of 14, he dropped out of school"Marquis Who's Who in America" 1901-1902 edition to work as a printer's apprentice at the local ''Madison Gazette'', and at 16, he moved to where he worked in a store and continued ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peanuts
''Peanuts'' (briefly subtitled ''featuring Good ol' Charlie Brown'') is a print syndication, syndicated daily strip, daily and Sunday strip, Sunday American comic strip written and illustrated by Charles M. Schulz. The strip's original run extended from 1950 to 2000, continuing in reruns afterward. ''Peanuts'' is among the most popular and influential in the history of comic strips, with 17,897 strips published in all, making it "arguably the longest story ever told by one human being". At the time of Schulz's death in 2000, ''Peanuts'' ran in over 2,600 newspapers, with a readership of roughly 355 million across 75 countries, and had been translated into 21 languages. It helped to cement the Yonkoma, four-panel gag strip as the standard in the United States, and together with its merchandise earned Schulz more than $1 billion. Following successful TV and theatrical adaptations over the years, a The Peanuts Movie, movie adaptation was released by Blue Sky Studios in 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rakuten Kitazawa
, better known by the pen name , was a Japanese manga artist and ''nihonga'' artist. He drew many editorial cartoons and comic strips during the years from the late Meiji (era), Meiji era through the early Shōwa period, Shōwa era. He is considered by many historians to be the founding father of modern manga because his work was an inspiration to many younger manga artists and animators. He was the first professional cartoonist in Japan, and the first to use the term "manga" in its modern sense. Biography Kitazawa was born in 1876 in the Kita Adachi district of Ōmiya, Saitama, Ōmiya in Saitama Prefecture. He studied western-style painting under Ōno Yukihiko and Nihonga under Inoue Shunzui. He joined the English-language magazine ''Box of Curios'' in 1895, and started drawing cartoons under Frank Arthur Nankivell, an Australian artist who later emigrated to America and became a popular cartoonist for ''Puck (magazine), Puck'' magazine. In 1899, Kitazawa moved to ''Jiji Shi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
