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Woodchipping In Australia
Woodchipping is the act and industry of chipping wood for pulp. Timber is converted to woodchips and sold, primarily, for paper manufacture. In Australia, woodchips are produced by clearcutting or thinning of native forests or plantations. In other parts of the world, forestry practices such as short rotation coppice are the usual methods adopted. Uses of wood chips includes the manufacture of particle board (or "chip board") and other engineered woods, mulch and fuel. Sources and process Historically, the primary sources of wood chips in Australia have been the extensive ''Eucalyptus'' hardwood forests found throughout temperate areas of the country. In more recent times, a significant proportion comes from managed hardwood and softwood plantations. During the late 1960s and 1970s, the high demand for paper and the relatively low cost and availability of the native forests made the establishment of a woodchipping industry a viable proposition. Conversely, the establishment o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraft Pulping
The kraft process (also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process) is a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp, which consists of almost pure cellulose fibres, the main component of paper. The kraft process involves treatment of wood chips with a hot mixture of water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium sulfide (Na2S), known as white liquor, that breaks the bonds that link lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. The technology entails several steps, both mechanical and chemical. It is the dominant method for producing paper. In some situations, the process has been controversial because kraft plants can release odorous products and in some situations produce substantial liquid wastes. The process name is derived from the German word ''Kraft'', meaning "strength" in this context, due to the strength of the kraft paper produced using this process. History A precursor of the kraft process was used during the Napoleonic Wars in England. The kraft process was invented by C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Shore, Victoria
North Shore is an industrial and residential suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. The suburb overlooks Corio Bay. A small residential area is east of the North Shore railway station with a few neighbourhood shops. The suburb is bounded by the Melbourne to Warrnambool railway line to the west, St Georges Road to the north, Corio Bay to the east, and Cowies Creek to the south. History The area was subdivided as a residential area and bayside retreat. An esplanade and linear park were laid out and planted with trees, the remaining fragment now being Moorpanyal Park. A small jetty was constructed and 10 years later North Shore was a small holiday resort. The Post Office opened on 27 August 1898. It was known as Corio from 1908 until 1913, before reverting to North Shore. Some references say a railway station was first opened at North Shore on 15 April 1895, but an 1857 map shows a station named Cowie's Creek where the current station is sited, which by the 1880s was called N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eden, New South Wales
Eden is a coastal town in the South Coast (New South Wales), South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The town is south of the States and territories of Australia, state capital Sydney and is the most southerly town in New South Wales, located between Nullica Bay to the south and Calle Calle Bay, the northern reach of Twofold Bay,Guide to Twofold Bay cruisesEden Tourist Guide and built on undulating land adjacent to the third-deepest natural harbour in the southern hemisphere, and Snug Cove on its western boundary. At the , Eden had a population of 3,151. The eastern coastline has rugged cliffs at the southern end and a wide, sandy surf beach, Aslings Beach, north of the cliffs. The beach ends at the entrance to Lake Curalo, a safe boating inlet of Twofold Bay. Although the urban settlement of Eden commenced in 1843 the settlement was not officially proclaimed as a township until 20 March 1885. The town's main industries include fishing, forestry, and tourism. History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woodchipper
A tree chipper or woodchipper is a machine used for reducing wood (generally tree limbs or trunks) into smaller woodchips. They are often portable, being mounted on wheels on frames suitable for towing behind a truck or van. Power is generally provided by an internal combustion engine from . There are also high-power chipper models mounted on trucks and powered by a separate engine. These models usually also have a hydraulic winch. Tree chippers are typically made of a hopper with a collar, the chipper mechanism itself, and an optional collection bin for the chips. A tree limb is inserted into the hopper (the collar serving as a partial safety mechanism to keep human body parts away from the chipping blades) and started into the chipping mechanism. The chips exit through a chute and can be directed into a truck-mounted container or onto the ground. Typical output is chips on the order of across in size. The resulting wood chips have various usages such as being spread as a g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logging
Logging is the process of cutting, processing, and moving trees to a location for transport. It may include skidder, skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or trunk (botany), logs onto logging truck, trucksSociety of American Foresters, 1998. Dictionary of Forestry. or flatcar#Skeleton car, skeleton cars. In forestry, the term logging is sometimes used narrowly to describe the logistics of moving wood from the stump to somewhere outside the forest, usually a sawmill or a lumber yard. In common usage, however, the term may cover a range of forestry or silviculture activities. Logging is the beginning of a supply chain that provides raw material for many products societies worldwide use for housing, construction, energy, and consumer paper products. Logging systems are a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Clearing In Australia
Land clearing in Australia describes the removal of native vegetation and deforestation in Australia. Land clearing involves the removal of native vegetation and habitats, including the bulldozing of native bushlands, forests, savannah, woodlands and native grasslands and the draining of natural wetlands for replacement with Agriculture in Australia, agriculture, urban and other land uses. Much of today's clearing occurs in northern Australia. , of the vegetation which existed in Australia at the time of European settlement, approximately 87% remains. One estimate places the rate of rainforest of all types has been reduced by three quarters since the time of European settlement from eight million hectares to two million. Land clearing threatens native species including ground orchids and eucalyptus. Extensive unlawful deforestation continues across the country. Land clearing is an important Environmental issues in Australia, environmental issue in Australia. Bans on land cle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woodchips For Export In New South Wales
Woodchips are small- to medium-sized pieces of wood formed by cutting or chipping larger pieces of wood such as trees, branches, logging residues, stumps, roots, and wood waste. Woodchips may be used as a biomass solid fuel and are raw material for producing wood pulp. They may also be used as an organic mulch in gardening, landscaping, and ecosystem restoration; in bioreactors for denitrification; and as a substrate for mushroom cultivation. The process of making woodchips is called wood chipping and is done using a wood chipper. The types of woodchips formed following chipping is dependent on the type of wood chipper used and the material from which they are made. Woodchip varieties include: forest chips (from forested areas), wood residue chips (from untreated wood residues, recycled wood and off-cuts), sawing residue chips (from sawmill residues), and short rotation forestry chips (from energy crops). Raw materials The raw materials of woodchips can be pulpwood, waste woo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bunbury Woodchip Bombing
The Bunbury woodchip bombing was an unprecedented and politically motivated act of property destruction that took place on 19 July 1976 at a woodchip export terminal in Bunbury, Western Australia. More than 1,000 sticks of gelignite were planted by two environmental protesters, with the resulting partial detonation causing an estimated $300,000 in damages; two charges failed to detonate which limited the bombing's impact. No injuries were reported, although a security guard was held at gunpoint and shrapnel impacted a nearby residential area. The intention of the bombing was to prevent the export of woodchips from Western Australian old growth forests for 18 months. This act of protest is now largely unknown outside of Western Australia but was considered to have been a serious setback for the emerging environmental movement at the time, despite the perpetrators being unaffiliated with any environmental organisation. Background The introduction of the wood chip industry to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern States Of Australia
The eastern states of Australia are the states adjoining the east continental coastline of Australia. These are the mainland states of Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland, and the island An island or isle is a piece of land, distinct from a continent, completely surrounded by water. There are continental islands, which were formed by being split from a continent by plate tectonics, and oceanic islands, which have never been ... state of Tasmania. The Australian Capital Territory and Jervis Bay Territory, while not states, are also included. On some occasions, the southern state of South Australia is also included in this grouping due to its economic ties with the eastern states. Regardless of which definition is used, the eastern states include the great majority of the Australian population. They contain the federal capital Canberra and Australia's three List of cities in Australia by population, largest cities Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane (all capitals of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Australia
Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state, with a land area of , and is also the List of country subdivisions by area, second-largest subdivision of any country on Earth. Western Australia has a diverse range of climates, including tropical conditions in the Kimberley (Western Australia), Kimberley, deserts in the interior (including the Great Sandy Desert, Little Sandy Desert, Gibson Desert, and Great Victoria Desert) and a Mediterranean climate on the south-west and southern coastal areas. the state has 2.965 million inhabitants—10.9 percent of the national total. Over 90 percent of the state's population live in the South-West Land Division, south-west corner and around 80 percent live in the state capital Perth, leaving the remainder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
