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Waulking Song
Waulking songs () are Scottish folk songs, traditionally sung in the Gaelic language by women while fulling (waulking) cloth. This practice involved a group of women, who traditionally prepared cloth, rhythmically beating newly woven tweed or tartan cloth against a table or similar surface to lightly felt it and shrink it to better repel water. Simple, beat-driven songs were used to accompany the work. A waulking session often begins with slow-paced songs, with the tempo increasing as the cloth becomes softer. As the singers work the cloth, they gradually shift it to the left so as to work it thoroughly. A tradition holds that moving the cloth anticlockwise is unlucky. Typically one person sings the verse, while the others join in the chorus. As with many folk music forms, the lyrics of waulking songs are not always strictly adhered to. Singers might add or leave out verses depending on the particular length and size of tweed being waulked. Verses from one song might appe ...
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Enya
Eithne Pádraigín Ní Bhraonáin (born 17 May 1961; anglicised as Enya Patricia Brennan) known mononymously as Enya, is an Irish singer and composer. With an estimated equivalent of over 80 million albums sold worldwide, Enya is the best-selling Irish solo artist, and the second-best-selling music act from Ireland overall, after only the rock band U2. Her music has been widely recognised for its use of multi-layers of her own vocals and instrumentation, lengthened Reverberation, reverb, and interwoven elements of Celtic music. Raised in the Gaeltacht, Irish-speaking region of Gweedore, Enya began her musical career in 1980 playing alongside her family's Irish language, Irish folk band Clannad. She left Clannad in 1982 to pursue a solo career, working with the former Clannad manager and producer, Nicky Ryan, and his wife Roma Ryan, Roma, as their lyricist. Over the following four years, Enya further developed her sound by combining multitracked vocals and keyboards with elements ...
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Scottish Gaelic Language
Scottish Gaelic (, ; Endonym and exonym, endonym: ), also known as Scots Gaelic or simply Gaelic, is a Celtic language native to the Gaels of Scotland. As a member of the Goidelic language, Goidelic branch of Celtic, Scottish Gaelic, alongside both Irish language, Irish and Manx language, Manx, developed out of Old Irish. It became a distinct spoken language sometime in the 13th century in the Middle Irish period, although a Classical Gaelic, common literary language was shared by the Gaels of both Ireland and Scotland until well into the 17th century. Most of modern Scotland was once Gaelic-speaking, as evidenced especially by Gaelic-language place names. In the 2011 United Kingdom census#2011 Census for Scotland, 2011 census of Scotland, 57,375 people (1.1% of the Scottish population, three years and older) reported being able to speak Gaelic, 1,275 fewer than in 2001. The highest percentages of Gaelic speakers were in the Outer Hebrides. Nevertheless, there is a language ...
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Scottish Folk Songs
Scottish usually refers to something of, from, or related to Scotland, including: *Scottish Gaelic, a Celtic Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family native to Scotland *Scottish English *Scottish national identity, the Scottish identity and common culture *Scottish people, a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland * Scots language, a West Germanic language spoken in lowland Scotland * Symphony No. 3 (Mendelssohn), a symphony by Felix Mendelssohn known as ''the Scottish'' See also *Scotch (other) *Scotland (other) *Scots (other) *Scottian (other) *Schottische The schottische is a partnered country dance that apparently originated in Bohemia. It was popular in Victorian-era ballrooms as a part of the Bohemian folk-dance craze and left its traces in folk music of countries such as Argentina (Spanish ... * {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ca:Escocès ...
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Work Music
A work song is a piece of music closely connected to a form of work, either one sung while conducting a task (usually to coordinate timing) or one linked to a task that may be a connected narrative, description, or protest song. An example is "I've Been Working on the Railroad". Definitions and categories Records of work songs are as old as historical records, and anthropological evidence suggests that most agrarian societies tend to have them. When defining work songs, most modern commentators include songs that are sung while working, as well as songs that are ''about'' work or have work as the main subject, since the two categories are often interconnected. Norm Cohen divided collected work songs into the following categories: domestic, agricultural or pastoral, sea shanties, African-American work songs, songs and chants of direction, and street cries. Ted Gioia built on these categories by dividing agricultural and pastoral songs into subsections: hunting, cultivation and her ...
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Powell & Pressburger
The British film-making partnership of Michael Powell (1905–1990) and Emeric Pressburger (1902–1988)—together often known as The Archers, the name of their production company—made a series of influential films in the 1940s and 1950s. Their collaborations—24 films between 1939 and 1972—were mainly derived from original stories by Pressburger with the script written by both Pressburger and Powell. Powell did most of the directing while Pressburger did most of the work of the producer and also assisted with the editing, especially the way the music was used. Unusually, the pair shared a writer-director-producer credit for most of their films. The best-known of these are ''The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp'' (1943), ''A Canterbury Tale'' (1944), ''I Know Where I'm Going!'' (1945), '' A Matter of Life and Death'' (1946), ''Black Narcissus'' (1947), '' The Red Shoes'' (1948), and ''The Tales of Hoffmann'' (1951). In 1981, Powell and Pressburger were recognised for thei ...
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Jack Cardiff
Jack Cardiff (18 September 1914 – 22 April 2009) was a British cinematographer, film and television director, and photographer. His career spanned the development of cinema, from silent film, through early experiments in Technicolor, to filmmaking more than half a century later. He is best known for his influential colour cinematography for directors such as Powell and Pressburger ('' A Matter of Life and Death'', '' Black Narcissus'', and '' The Red Shoes''), John Huston ('' The African Queen'') and Alfred Hitchcock ('' Under Capricorn''). He is also known for his work as a director – in particular, his critically acclaimed film '' Sons and Lovers'' (1960) for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director. In 2000, he was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire and, in 2001, he was awarded an Academy Honorary Award for his contribution to the cinema. Jack Cardiff's work is reviewed in the documentary film '' Cameraman: The Life and ...
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Dadeumi
''Dadeumi'' () or ''dadeumijil'' () is a Korean traditional ironing method where two women knelt on the floor, facing each other across a smoothing stone, beating out a rhythm on the cloth to press out its wrinkles and soften it. ''Dadeumi'' requires ''dadeumitbangmangi'' () and ''dadeumitdol'' (다듬잇돌). The former is a bat that pounds on the cloth, and the latter is the stone under the cloth. Also, the cloth is wrapped in a thick round bat, ''hongdukkae'' (홍두깨), and ''dadeumi'' is performed. It is used to trim a thin cloth, such as ramie fabric () or silk. Similar practices also existed elsewhere in Asia, including in Japan, where it is known as '. History The 18th-century book, Gyuhap chongseo, details how to do ''dadeumi'' and care for fabrics. It is estimated that it would have been used from the 17th to the 18th century. Since ancient times, in Korea, people thought it was a good three sounds to hear the crying of baby, reading a book, and the ''dadeumi'' sou ...
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Puirt à Beul
Puirt à beul (, literally "tunes from a mouth") is a traditional form of song native to Scotland (known as ''portaireacht'' in Ireland) that sets Gaelic lyrics to instrumental tune melodies. Historically, they were used to accompany dancing in the absence of instruments and to transmit instrumental tunes orally. Term The Scottish Gaelic term ''port à beul'' refers to "a tune from a mouth—specifically a ''cheerful'' tune—which in the plural becomes ''puirt à beul''". In Scotland, they are usually referred to as ''puirt à beul'' but a variety of other spellings and misspellings also exists, for example ''port-a-beul'', ''puirt a bheul'', ''puirt a' bhéil'', etc. These are mostly because a number of grammatical particles in Gaelic are very similar in nature, such as the definite article ''a'', the prepositions "of" and "to" which can both be ''a'' and the preposition ''á'' "from" which can appear without the acute accent. Modern Irish dictionaries give ''port (aireacht) b� ...
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Long Èireannach
''Long Èireannach'' ( Irish Ship) is a well known song in the Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic (, ; Endonym and exonym, endonym: ), also known as Scots Gaelic or simply Gaelic, is a Celtic language native to the Gaels of Scotland. As a member of the Goidelic language, Goidelic branch of Celtic, Scottish Gaelic, alongs ... tradition known as ''Orain Luaidh'', or waulking song, a type of work song that is sung by the women when fulling cloth. In ''Long Èireannach'' the sweetheart of each girl present is named in turn by the singers as the song proceeds, the whole of the workers taking up the chorus. Sources Scottish songs Work music {{Scotland-stub ...
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Call The Midwife
''Call the Midwife'' is a British period drama television series about a group of nurse midwives working in the East End of London in the late 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. The principal cast of the show has included Jessica Raine, Miranda Hart, Helen George, Bryony Hannah, Laura Main, Jenny Agutter, Pam Ferris, Judy Parfitt, Cliff Parisi, Stephen McGann, Linda Bassett and Charlotte Ritchie. The TV series is produced by Neal Street Productions, a production company founded and owned by the film director and producer Sam Mendes, ''Call the Midwife'' executive producer Pippa Harris, and Caro Newling. The first series, set in 1957, premiered in the United Kingdom on 15 January 2012. The series was created by Heidi Thomas, originally based on the memoirs of Jennifer Worth who worked with the Community of St. John the Divine, an Anglican religious order, at their convent in the East End in London. The order was founded as a nursing order in 1849. The show's storylines hav ...
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Clan Mackenzie
Clan Mackenzie ( ) is a Highland Scottish clan associated with Kintail and Ross-shire. Its chiefs trace their lineage to the 12th century, though the earliest recorded chief is Alexander Mackenzie of Kintail, who died after 1471. The clan supported Robert the Bruce during the Wars of Scottish Independence, but later feuded with the Earl of Ross, Earls of Ross. During the 15th and 16th centuries, Clan Mackenzie participated in several feuds with neighboring clans. In the 17th century, their chief was granted the title Earl of Seaforth, and the clan supported the Cavalier, Royalists in the Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Scottish Civil War. They backed the Jacobites in Jacobite rising of 1715, 1715 but were divided in Jacobite rising of 1745, 1745, with their chief, Kenneth Mackenzie, Lord Fortrose, supporting the British government, while George Mackenzie, 3rd Earl of Cromartie, joined the Jacobites. Clan Mackenzie has a chief that is recognized by the Court of the L ...
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