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Water Supply And Sanitation In Ethiopia
Access to water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia is amongst the Water supply and sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa, lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa and the entire world. While access has increased substantially with funding from Foreign aid to Ethiopia, foreign aid, much still remains to be done. Some factors inhibiting the achievement of these goals are the limited capacity of water bureaus in the country's nine regions, two city administrations and water desks in the 770 districts of Ethiopia (''woreda''s); insufficient cost recovery for proper operation and maintenance; and different policies and procedures used by various donors, notwithstanding the Aid effectiveness#Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, February 2005, Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. In 2001 the government adopted a water and sanitation strategy that called for more decentralized decision-making; promoting the involvement of all stakeholders, including the private sector; increasing levels of cost reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lake Alemaya
A lake is often a naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface. It is localized in a basin or interconnected basins surrounded by dry land. Lakes lie completely on land and are separate from the ocean, although they may be connected with the ocean by rivers. Lakes, as with other bodies of water, are part of the water cycle, the processes by which water moves around the Earth. Most lakes are fresh water and account for almost all the world's surface freshwater, but some are salt lakes with salinities even higher than that of seawater. Lakes vary significantly in surface area and volume of water. Lakes are typically larger and deeper than ponds, which are also water-filled basins on land, although there are no official definitions or scientific criteria distinguishing the two. Lakes are also distinct from lagoons, which are generally shallow tidal pools dammed by sandbars or other material at coastal regions of oceans or large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Security
The aim of water security is to maximize the benefits of water for humans and ecosystems. The second aim is to limit the risks of destructive impacts of water to an acceptable level. These risks include too much water (flood), too little water (drought and water scarcity), and poor quality ( polluted) water. People who live with a high level of water security always have access to "an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health, livelihood, and production". For example, access to water, sanitation, and hygiene services is one part of water security. Some organizations use the term ''"water security"'' more narrowly, referring only to water supply aspects. Decision makers and water managers aim to reach water security goals that address multiple concerns. These outcomes can include increasing economic and social well-being while reducing risks tied to water. There are linkages and trade-offs between the different outcomes.REACH (2020REACH Global Strategy 2020-2024 Univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishoftu
Bishoftu (; ) is a town in central Ethiopia. Located in the East Shewa Zone of the Oromia Region, it sits at an elevation of 1,920 metres (6,300 ft). It was formerly known as Debre Zeyit (). The town serves as the primary airbase of the Ethiopian Air Force. Bishoftu is located southeast of Addis Ababa along its route 4 highway. It is a resort town, known for its several lakes. Geography The town is located within the Bishoftu volcanic field, an area of Holocene lava flows, cinder cones, tuff rings and maars. Several of the maars are water-filled, forming five crater lakes: Lake Bishoftu, Lake Hora (a base for watersports, many water birds and an annual festival), Lake Bishoftu Guda, Lake Koriftu and the seasonal Lake Cheleklaka. Other nearby points of interest include Mount Yerer, Green Crater Lake and Lake Hora Kiloli. Bishoftu is also home to the Ethiopian Air Force and the Harar Meda Airport (ICAO HAHM, IATA QHR), as well as a station on the Addis Ababa� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Becho
Becho is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Southwest Shewa Zone, Becho is bordered on the south by Saden Sodo, on the west by Waliso, on the northwest by Dawo, on the north by Elu, and on the east by Tole. The major town in Becho is Tulu Bolo. Demographics The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 74,016, of whom 37,481 were men and 36,535 were women; 14,476 or 19.56% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 95.17% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 2.18% of the population were Muslim, 1.46% were Protestant, and 1.09% observed traditional beliefs. Based on figures published by the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 75,279, of whom 37,702 are men and 37,577 are women; 14,307 or 19.01% of its population are urban dwellers, which is greater than the Zone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irrigation
Irrigation (also referred to as watering of plants) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns. Irrigation has been a key aspect of agriculture for over 5,000 years and has been developed by many cultures around the world. Irrigation helps to grow crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetation, revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during times of below-average rainfall. In addition to these uses, irrigation is also employed to protect crops from frost, suppress weed growth in grain fields, and prevent soil consolidation. It is also used to cool livestock, reduce dust, dispose of sewage, and support mining operations. Drainage, which involves the removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given location, is often studied in conjunction with irrigation. There are several methods of irrigation that differ in how water is supplied to plants. Surface irrigation, also known as gravity irrigation, is the olde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Awash River
} The Awash River (sometimes spelled Awaash; Oromo language, Oromo: ''Awaash OR Hawaas'', Amharic: ዐዋሽ, Afar language, Afar: ''Hawaash We'ayot'', Somali language, Somali: ''Webiga Dir'', Italian language, Italian: ''Auasc'') is a major river of Ethiopia. Its course is entirely contained within the boundaries of Ethiopia and empties into a chain of interconnected lakes that begin with Lake Gargori and end with Lake Abbe (or Abhe Bad) on the border with Djibouti, about from the head of the Gulf of Tadjoura. The Awash River is the principal stream of an endorheic drainage basin covering parts of the Amhara Region, Amhara, Oromia and Somali Regions, as well as the southern half of the Afar Region. The Awash River basin, spanning 23 administrative zones, covers 10% of Ethiopia's area. The basin usually has two rainy seasons, a shorter one around March (''Belg''), and a longer one between June and September (''Kiremt''), which partly fall into one longer rainy season. Climate chan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Resource Management
Water resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful for humans, for example as a source of drinking water supply or irrigation water. These resources can be either Fresh water, freshwater from natural sources, or water produced artificially from other sources, such as from reclaimed water (wastewater) or Desalination, desalinated water (seawater). 97% of the water on Earth is saline water, salt water and only three percent is fresh water; slightly over two-thirds of this is frozen in glaciers and polar climate, polar ice caps. The remaining unfrozen freshwater is found mainly as groundwater, with only a small fraction present above ground or in the air. Natural sources of fresh water include surface water, under river flow, groundwater and ice, frozen water. People use water resources for agriculture, agricultural, Industry (economics), industrial and household activities. Water resources are under threat from multiple issues. There is water scarcity, water p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Groundwater Pollution
Groundwater pollution (also called groundwater contamination) occurs when pollutants are released to the ground and make their way into groundwater. This type of water pollution can also occur naturally due to the presence of a minor and unwanted constituent, contaminant, or impurity in the groundwater, in which case it is more likely referred to as contamination rather than pollution. Groundwater pollution can occur from on-site sanitation systems, landfill leachate, effluent from wastewater treatment plants, leaking sewers, petrol filling stations, hydraulic fracturing (fracking) or from over application of fertilizers in agriculture. Pollution (or contamination) can also occur from naturally occurring contaminants, such as arsenic contamination of groundwater, arsenic or fluoride. Using polluted groundwater causes hazards to public health through poisoning or the spread of disease (Waterborne diseases, water-borne diseases). The pollutant often produces a contaminant Plume (f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akaki
Akaki ( Oromo: ''Aqaaqii'') is a woreda or district in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne, Akaki is bordered on the southwest by the Southwest Shewa Zone, on the west by Sebeta Hawas, on the northwest by Addis Ababa, on the north by the Bereh, and on the east by East Shewa Zone. The administrative center of this woreda is Dukem. Overview The altitude of this woreda ranges from 1500 to 2300 metres above sea level. Mount Yerer, on the border with Ada'a Chukala, is the highest point in Akaki; other notable peaks include Guji, Bilbilo and Bushu. Rivers include the Akaki, Dukem, and Awash. Important forests include the government-protected Yerer and Addis Baha forests. A survey of the land in this woreda shows that 72.2% is arable or cultivable, 7.6% pasture, 4.4% forest, and the remaining 15.8% is considered swampy, degraded or otherwise unusable. Lentils, chickpeas and fenugreek are important cash crops. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CC-BY Icon
A Creative Commons (CC) license is one of several public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted "work". A CC license is used when an author wants to give other people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that the author has created. CC provides an author flexibility (for example, they might choose to allow only non-commercial uses of a given work) and protects the people who use or redistribute an author's work from concerns of copyright infringement as long as they abide by the conditions that are specified in the license by which the author distributes the work. There are several types of Creative Commons licenses. Each license differs by several combinations that condition the terms of distribution. They were initially released on December 16, 2002, by Creative Commons, a U.S. non-profit corporation founded in 2001. There have also been five versions of the suite of licenses, numbered 1.0 through 4.0. Released in November ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the collection and storage of rain, rather than allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected from a roof-like surface and redirected to a Rainwater tank, tank, cistern, deep pit (well, shaft, or borehole), Aquifer storage and recovery, aquifer, or a reservoir with percolation, so that it seeps down and restores the ground water. Rainwater harvesting differs from stormwater harvesting as the runoff is typically collected from roofs and other area surfaces for storage and subsequent reuse. Its uses include watering gardens, livestock, irrigation, Drinking water, domestic use with proper treatment, and domestic heating. The harvested water can also be used for long-term storage or groundwater recharge. Rainwater harvesting is one of the simplest and oldest methods of Self-supply of water and sanitation, self-supply of water for households, having been used in South Asia and other countries for many thousands of years. Civilizations such as the Romans de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
