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War Of Attrition
The War of Attrition (; ) involved fighting between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) and their allies from 1967 to 1970. Following the 1967 Six-Day War, no serious diplomatic efforts were made to resolve the issues at the heart of the Arab–Israeli conflict. The 1967 Arab League summit formulated in September the "Khartoum Resolution, three no's" policy, barring peace, International recognition of Israel, recognition, or negotiations with Israel. Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser believed that only military initiative would compel Israel or the international community to facilitate a full Israeli withdrawal from Sinai Peninsula, Sinai, and hostilities soon resumed along the Suez Canal. These initially took the form of limited artillery duels and small-scale incursions into Sinai, but by 1969, the Egyptian Army judged itself prepared for larger-scale operations. On March 8, 1969, Nasser proclaimed the official launch of the War of Attri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arab–Israeli Conflict
The Arab–Israeli conflict is a geopolitical phenomenon involving military conflicts and a variety of disputes between Israel and many Arab world, Arab countries. It is largely rooted in the historically supportive stance of the Arab League towards the Palestinians in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, which, in turn, has been attributed to the simultaneous rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism towards the end of the 19th century, though the two movements did not directly clash until the 1920s. Since the late 20th century, however, direct hostilities of the Arab–Israeli conflict across the Middle East have mostly been attributed to a changing political atmosphere dominated primarily by the Iran–Israel proxy conflict. Part of the struggle between Israelis and Palestinians arose from the conflicting claims by the Zionist and Arab nationalist movements to the land that constituted British-ruled Mandatory Palestine. To the Zionist movement, Palestine was seen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avraham Botzer
Avraham Botzer (; 25 July 1929 – 2 June 2012) was the Commander of the Israeli Navy between 1968 and 1972. :he:אברהם בוצר Israel Defense Forces: Navy. Biography Pre-establishment of the State of Israel Botzer was born in 1929 in Poland and was taken to Palestine in 1936 at the age of 7. In 1946 he joined the Palmach and in 1947 he took part in operations to smuggle Jews from post-Holocaust Europe into Mandate Palestine (the British prohibited Jewish emigration to Palestine, see White Paper of 1939). In one of his operations Botzer was caught and expelled to Cyprus internment camps, after two weeks he was sent back to Palestine because of his young age. Post-establishment of the State of Israel With the outbreak of the 1947–1949 Palestine war, Botzer joined the newly formed Israeli Navy. After the war, Botzer remained in the navy and by 1952 he was promoted to the rank of Captain. Botzer continued to serve in the Israeli Navy taking part in operations and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yasser Arafat
Yasser Arafat (4 or 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), also popularly known by his Kunya (Arabic), kunya Abu Ammar, was a Palestinian political leader. He was chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1969 to 2004, President of the State of Palestine from 1989 to 2004 and President of the Palestinian Authority (PNA) from 1994 to 2004. Ideologically an Arab nationalist and a Arab socialism, socialist, Arafat was a founding member of the Fatah political party, which he led from 1959 until 2004. Arafat was born to Palestinian parents in Cairo, Egypt, where he spent most of his youth. He studied at the Cairo University, University of King Fuad I. While a student, he embraced Arab nationalist and anti-Zionist ideas. Opposed to the 1948 creation of the State of Israel, he fought alongside the Muslim Brotherhood during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Following the defeat of Arab forces, Arafat returned to Cairo and served as president of the General Union of Palesti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amer Khammash
Amer Khammash, (14 November 1924, Al-Salt, Emirate of Transjordan, Transjordan - 13 February 2010) was a Jordanian lieutenant general, political and personal adviser to King Hussein of Jordan, as well as being His Majesty's special representative, Chief of The Royal Hashemite Court twice and a five-term member of the Senate of Jordan. Biography He was the son of a lawyer and judge "Mohammad Baseem" Khammash, who was well known for being the country's first court judge. Amongst his achievements, General Khammash was the first recognized Jordanian pilot and received his pilot training in AAC Middle Wallop, RAF Middle Wallop in the United Kingdom in 1949, and received his wings in 1950 from King Abdullah I, the founder of Jordan. He returned to Jordan and later attended the United States Army Command and General Staff College in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1958, where his portrait hangs in the Hall of Fame in the Staff College. After graduating from the college, he returned to Jord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaid Ibn Shaker
Zaid ibn Shaker, GBE, CVO (4 September 1934 – 30 August 2002) () was a Jordanian military officer and politician who served as the commander-in-chief of the Jordanian military for more than twelve years and the 27th Prime Minister of Jordan three times. King Hussein awarded him the non-hereditary title of prince on 4 February 1996. Field Marshal General of the Army Sharif Zaid ibn Shakir was a cousin of King Hussein. He joined the military and served with the future King Hussein. In 1957 and 1958 he was the assistant military attache at the Embassy of Jordan in London. He served in a number of positions in the Jordanian military, including being a tank commander at both the brigade and division level. On 8 January 1996 he was made chief of staff for the armed services, which post he held until resigning in 1988. from In June 1987 he was made field marshal. Being a Hashemite, Zaid ibn Shaker's family had always been close to the Royal family, and Zaid ibn Shaker himself had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Hussein
Hussein bin Talal (14 November 1935 – 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 1952 until his death in 1999. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of Jordan since 1921, Hussein was traditionally considered a 40th-generation direct descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Hussein was born in Amman as the eldest child of Talal bin Abdullah and Zein Al-Sharaf. Talal was at that time the heir to his own father, King Abdullah I. Hussein began his schooling in Amman, continuing his education abroad. After Talal became king in 1951, Hussein was named heir apparent. The Jordanian Parliament forced Talal to abdicate a year later due to his illness, and a regency council was appointed until Hussein came of age. He was enthroned at the age of 17 on in 1953. Hussein was married four separate times and fathered eleven children. Hussein, a constitutional monarch, started his rule by allowing the formation of the only democratically elected government in Jor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrei Grechko
Andrei Antonovich Grechko (; ; – 26 April 1976) was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union during the Cold War. He served as the Soviet minister of defence from 1967 to 1976. Born to a Ukrainian peasant family near Rostov-on-Don, Grechko served in the Red Army cavalry during the Russian Civil War. After graduating from the Frunze Military Academy, he took part in the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939. Grechko was a fresh graduate of the Voroshilov Military Academy when Axis forces invaded the Soviet Union. He held a succession of cavalry and army commands afterwards and saw action in the Caucasus, Ukraine and Central Europe. After the war, Grechko commanded the Kiev Military District. In 1953, he was appointed commander-in-chief of Soviet Forces in East Germany, and led the suppression of the East German uprising. In 1955, he was named a Marshal of the Soviet Union. In 1957, he became commander-in-chief of the Soviet Ground Forces, and three years la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmoud Abdel Rahman Fahmy
Rear Admiral Mahmoud Abdel Rahman Fahmy (; September 28, 1929 – April 28, 2006), was commander of the Egyptian Naval Forces (September 1969 to October 1972) and vice defense minister from 12 February 1972 to October 24, 1972. He later served as the first consultant for naval affairs to the president of the Republic of Egypt ( Anwar Al Sadat), chief executive officer of the General Egyptian Organization for Naval Transport, chief executive officer of the Egyptian Overseas Navigation Company, board member of the Transport and Communication Sector of the Egyptian National Council for Production, minister of the Egyptian Naval Transport, and consultant to the Middle East International Naval Organization. He graduated from the Egyptian Naval Academy in 1948 as a second lieutenant and served on various types of naval vessels from 1949 to 1965 before being appointed as head of the Battle Training Sector with the rank of staff naval commodore and subsequently as rear admiral (1969). F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fouad Mohamed Abou Zikry
Admiral Fouad Mohamed Abou Zikry (; November 17, 1923 – January 26, 1983) was an Egyptian naval officer and the Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian Navy during the Six-Day War, War of Attrition and Yom Kippur War. He was also Vice Defense Minister from 12 February 1972 to October 29, 1973, and later served as an Advisor of Naval Affairs to the Egyptian president Anwar Al Sadat. He remains the only Egyptian Navy officer to have held the ranks of both Admiral and Field Marshal in the history of the Egyptian Armed Forces. Cultural depictions * Abu Zikry was portrayed by Egyptian actor Salah Zulfikar in the 1994 war film War film is a film genre concerned with warfare, typically about navy, naval, air force, air, or army, land battles, with combat scenes central to the drama. It has been strongly associated with the 20th century. The fateful nature of battle s ... '' Road To Eilat (Al-Tareek Ela Eilat''). Gallery Image:Naval Ensign of Egypt.svg, Egyptian Navy Ensign and Jac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Mustafa Baghdady
Ali Ahmed Mustafa Baghdady () (4 December 1922 – 22 January 2005) was the Egyptian Air Force commander from 1969 to 1972. He was also an Olympic swimmer and water polo player, and competed in the London 1948 Olympics. He died in January 2005 due to complications of a stroke. Early life and family Ali Baghdady was born in Cairo, Egypt, to parents Mustafa and Nabaweya. His father ran the Egyptian Post office until the early 1960s. He had three brothers: the late Adli, a prominent judge and deputy minister of justice, the late Ibrahim, the governor of Cairo and intelligence officer, and the late Hassan, an engineer and executive of the Egyptian national sugar factories. His sisters were Nadia, Fayza and Nehal. In 1951 he married Seyada Mashour, and with her he had three sons: Amr, Essam and Tarek. Education and military career He attended the Tawfikeya school in Shubra, Cairo, where he gained a baccalaureate degree. He then joined the Military Academy and graduated as an offic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Munim Riad
Abdul Munim Riad ( 22 October 1919 – 9 March 1969) was an Egyptian military officer and the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces (Egypt), Chief of Staff of the Egyptian Armed Forces from 1967 to 1969. He commanded the Jordanian Armed Forces during the 1967 Six-Day War and later led the Egyptian forces in the War of Attrition, where he and several of his aides were killed in action in 1969. His death on 9 March is observed as (). Early life Riad was born on 22 October 1919 in Tanta, a city in the Nile Delta. His father, Mohammed Riad, was an instructor at the Egyptian Military Academy, Royal Military Academy and a lieutenant colonel in the Egyptian military. In 1928, Mohammed was stationed in Arish, El-Arish in the Sinai Peninsula, which allowed Riad to become familiar with the arid and mountainous landscape of the region. During this period of his childhood, Riad observed his father's military activities, played with Bedouin children in the area, and, according to Egyptian militar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saad El Shazly
Saad el-Din Mohamed el-Husseiny el-Shazly (, ) (1 April 1922 – 10 February 2011) was an Egyptian military officer. He was Egypt's chief of staff during the Yom Kippur War. He is credited with the equipping and preparation of the Egyptian Armed Forces in the years prior to the successful capture of the Israeli Bar-Lev line at the start of the Yom Kippur War. He was dismissed from his post on 13 December 1973. Early life He was born in the village of Shabratna, Basyoun Center, in Gharbia Governorate, in the Nile Delta, on 1 April 1922, in an upper-middle-class family. His father was a notary, and his family owned (70) acres. His father is Hajj al-Husseini al-Shazly, and his mother, Mrs. Tafidah al-Jawhari, is the second wife of his father. He was named after the 17th Prime Minister of Egypt, Saad Zaghloul. His father was one of the owners of agricultural lands who married twice and had nine children with first wife: Muhammad, Hamid, Abdel-Hakim, Al-Hussaini, Abdel- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
