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Vihuela De Mano
The vihuela () is a 15th-century fretted plucked Spanish string instrument, shaped like a guitar (figure-of-eight form offering strength and portability) but tuned like a lute. It was used in 15th- and 16th-century Spain as the equivalent of the lute in Italy and has a large resultant repertory. There were usually five or six doubled strings. A bowed version, the vihuela de arco (arco meaning bow), was conceived in Spain and made in Italy from 1480. One consequence was the phrase vihuela de mano being thereafter applied to the original plucked instrument. The term ''vihuela'' became "viola" in Italian ("viole" in Fr.; "viol" in Eng.), and the bowed vihuela de arco was to serve as a prototype in the hands of the Italian craftsmen for the " da gamba" family of fretted bowed string instruments, as developed starting in 1480. Their vihuela-inherited frets made these easier to play in tune than the rebec family (precursors of the " da braccio" family), and so they became popular for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Dancing Master
''The Dancing Master'' (first edition: ''The English Dancing Master'') is a dancing manual containing the music and instructions for English country dances. It was first published in 1651 by John Playford. History It was published in several editions by John Playford and his successors from 1651 until . The first edition contained 105 dances with single-line melodies. The 1651 book ''The Dancing Master'' by John Playford had been designed for teaching dancing. It was originally small so that the dancing master could hide it under his cloak and consult it surreptitiously. Subsequent editions introduced new songs and dances, while dropping others, and the work eventually encompassed three volumes. Dances from ''The Dancing Master'' were re-published in arrangements by Cecil Sharp in the early 20th century. In 1957 Margaret Dean Smith completed her facsimile book ''Playford's English Dancing Master''. This work had been the first publication of English dance tunes and her pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guitar Tuning
Guitar tunings are the assignment of pitches to the open strings of guitars, including classical guitars, acoustic guitars, and electric guitars. Tunings are described by the particular pitches that are made by notes in Western music. By convention, the notes are ordered and arranged from the lowest-pitched string (i.e., the deepest bass-sounding note) to the highest-pitched string (i.e., the highest sounding note), or the thickest string to thinnest, or the lowest frequency to the highest. This sometimes confuses beginner guitarists, since the highest-pitched string is referred to as the 1st string, and the lowest-pitched is the 6th string. Standard tuning defines the string pitches as E (82.41 Hz), A (110 Hz), D (146.83 Hz), G (196 Hz), B (246.94 Hz), and E (329.63 Hz), from the lowest pitch (low E2) to the highest pitch (high E4). Standard tuning is used by most guitarists, and frequently used tunings can be understood as variations on standard tuning. To aid in memoris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantigas De Santa Maria
The ''Cantigas de Santa Maria'' (, ; "Canticles of Holy Mary") are 420 poems with musical notation, written in the medieval Galician-Portuguese language during the reign of Alfonso X of Castile, Alfonso X of Castile ''El Sabio'' (1221–1284). Traditionally, they are all attributed to Alfonso, though scholars have since established that the musicians and poets of his court were responsible for most of them, with Alfonso being credited with a few as well. It is one of the largest collections of monophonic (solo) songs from the Middle Ages and is characterized by the mention of the Mary, the mother of Jesus, Virgin Mary in every song, while every tenth song is a hymn. The ''Cantigas'' have survived in four manuscript codices: two at El Escorial, one at Madrid, Madrid's Biblioteca Nacional de España, National Library, and one in Florence, Italy. The E codex from El Escorial is illuminated with colored Miniature (illuminated manuscript), miniatures showing pairs of musicians playin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vielle
The is a European bowed stringed instrument used in the medieval period, similar to a modern violin but with a somewhat longer and deeper body, three to five gut strings, and a leaf-shaped pegbox with frontal tuning pegs, sometimes with a figure-8 shaped body. Whatever external form they had, the box-soundchest consisted of back and belly joined by ribs, which experience has shown to be the construction for bowed instruments. The most common shape given to the earliest vielles in France was an oval, which with its modifications remained in favour until the Italian lira da braccio asserted itself as the better type, leading to the violin. The instrument was also known as a ''fidel'' or a ''viuola'', although the French name for the instrument, ''Vièle'', is generally used; the word comes from the same root as ''fiddle''. It was one of the most popular instruments of the medieval period, and was used by troubadours and jongleurs from the 13th through the 15th centuries. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viola De Arco
The viola da gamba (), or viol, or informally gamba, is a bowed and fretted string instrument that is played (i.e. "on the leg"). It is distinct from the later violin, or ; and it is any one of the earlier viol family of bowed, fretted, and stringed instruments with hollow wooden bodies and pegboxes where the tension on the strings can be increased or decreased to adjust the pitch of each of the strings. Although treble, tenor and bass were most commonly used, viols came in different sizes, including (high treble, developed in 18th century), treble, alto, small tenor, tenor, bass and contrabass (called ). These members of the viol family are distinguished from later bowed string instruments, such as the violin family, by both appearance and orientation when played—as typically the neck is oriented upwards and the rounded bottom downwards to settle on the lap or between the knees. The viola da gamba uses the alto clef. Seven and occasionally eight frets made of "stretche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commentary On The Apocalypse
The ''Commentary on the Apocalypse'' (Commentaria in Apocalypsin) is a Latin commentary on the biblical ''Book of Revelation'' written around 776 by the Spanish monk and theologian Beatus of Liébana (c. 730–after 785).Williams (2017), 22 The surviving texts differ somewhat, and the work is mainly famous for the spectacular illustrations in a group of illustrated manuscripts, mostly produced on the Iberian Peninsula over the following five centuries. There are 29 surviving illustrated manuscripts (many incomplete or fragments) dating from the 9th to the 13th centuries,Williams (2017), 26 as well as other unillustrated and later manuscripts. Significant copies include the Morgan Beatus, Morgan, Saint-Sever Beatus, Saint-Sever, Gerona Beatus, Gerona, Osma, Madrid (Vitr 14-1), and Tábara Beatus codices. Most unusually for a theological work, the imagery seems to have been included from the start, and is considered to be the work of Beatus himself, although the earliest survi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiple
A tiple (, literally treble or soprano), is a particular type of guitar, typically with 10 or 12 strings but sometimes fewer, and is built in several distinct regional styles. A tiple player is called a ''tiplista''. The first written mention of an instrument called "tiple" comes from musicologist Pablo Minguet e Irol in 1752. The 12-string Colombian tiple is considered the country's national instrument. The Puerto Rican tiple characteristically has fewer than twelve strings, as do those from Cuba, Mallorca, and North America. Tiple family Colombian tiple The Colombian tiple (in Spanish: ''tiple'') is an instrument of the guitar family, similar in appearance although slightly smaller (about 18%) than a standard classical guitar. The typical fretboard scale is about 530 mm (just under 21 inches), and the neck joins the body at the 12th fret. There are 12 strings, grouped in four tripled courses. Traditional tuning from lowest to highest course is C F A D, although ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Music
Early music generally comprises Medieval music (500–1400) and Renaissance music (1400–1600), but can also include Baroque music (1600–1750) or Ancient music (before 500 AD). Originating in Europe, early music is a broad Dates of classical music eras, musical era for the beginning of Classical music, Western classical music. Terminology Interpretations of historical scope of "early music" vary. The original Academy of Ancient Music formed in 1726 defined "Ancient" music as works written by composers who lived before the end of the 16th century. Johannes Brahms and his contemporaries would have understood Early music to range from the High Renaissance and Baroque, while some scholars consider that Early music should include the music of ancient Greece or Music of ancient Rome, Rome before 500 AD (a period that is generally covered by the term Ancient music). Music critic Michael Kennedy (music critic), Michael Kennedy excludes Baroque, defining Early music as "musical composi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baroque Guitar
The Baroque guitar (–1750) is a string instrument with five Course (music), courses of gut strings and moveable gut frets. The first (highest pitched) course sometimes used only a single string. History The Baroque guitar replaced the lute as the most common instrument found when one was at home. The earliest attestation of a five-stringed guitar comes from the mid-sixteenth-century Spanish book ''Declaracion de Instrumentos Musicales'' by Juan Bermudo, published in 1555. The first treatise published for the Baroque guitar was ''Guitarra Española de cinco ordenes'' (The Five-course Spanish Guitar), , by Juan Carlos Amat. The baroque guitar in contemporary Musical ensemble, ensembles took on the role of a basso continuo instrument and players would be expected to improvise a Guitar chord, chordal accompaniment. Several scholars have assumed that the guitar was used together with another basso continuo instrument playing the Bassline, bass line. However, there are good reasons t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it shares Portugal-Spain border, the longest uninterrupted border in the European Union; to the south and the west is the North Atlantic Ocean; and to the west and southwest lie the Macaronesia, Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, which are the two Autonomous Regions of Portugal, autonomous regions of Portugal. Lisbon is the Capital city, capital and List of largest cities in Portugal, largest city, followed by Porto, which is the only other Metropolitan areas in Portugal, metropolitan area. The western Iberian Peninsula has been continuously inhabited since Prehistoric Iberia, prehistoric times, with the earliest signs of Human settlement, settlement dating to 5500 BC. Celts, Celtic and List of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viola Campaniça
The viola campaniça is a portuguese String instrument, stringed musical instrument from Vila Verde de Ficalho, in the Serpa Municipality (South-eastern Portugal).Music, Communities, Sustainability: Developing Policies and Practices'. United States, Oxford University Press, 2022. It has 10 steel strings in 5 courses, tuned C3 C2, F3 F2, C3 C3, E3 E3, G3 G3. The adjective ''campaniço'' (kump-ah-NEE-soo) means literally "from the countryside". External links The Stringed Instrument Database ATLAS of Plucked Instruments References String instruments Portuguese musical instruments {{viola-stub pt:Violas portuguesas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cross-strung Harp
The cross-strung harp or chromatic double harp is a multi-course harp that has two rows of strings which intersect without touching. While accidental (music), accidentals are played on the pedal harp via the pedals and on the lever harp with levers, the cross-strung harp features two rows so that each of the twelve semitones of the chromatic scale has its own string. Spanish Renaissance The first cross-strung harp is believed to have been created in the late 16th century in Spain and was known as the ''arpa de dos órdenes''. Its identity as an instrument was established as soon as the early 17th century and it was used in both liturgical and secular music. has described a cross-strung harp as well as other instruments in his work ''Tratado de la música'' (1634) and invented a chromatic variety of this instrument. Its popularity reached its peak in the late 17th century, and declined thereafter into the early 18th century. The reasons for its decline are complex, including the cu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
