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Vexillography
Vexillography ( ) is the art and practice of designing flags; a person who designs flags is a vexillographer. Vexillo''graphy'' is allied with vexillology, vexillo''logy'', the scholarly study of flags, but is not synonymous with that discipline.Smith, Whitney. Flag Bulletin XL:202 (2001). Background of flag design Flag designs exhibit a number of regularities, arising from a variety of practical concerns, historical circumstances, and cultural prescriptions that have shaped and continue to shape their evolution. Vexillographers face the necessity for the design to be manufactured (and often Mass production, mass-produced) into or onto a piece of cloth, which will subsequently be hoisted aloft in the outdoors to represent an organization, individual, idea, or group. In this respect, flag design departs considerably from logo design: logos are predominantly still images suitable for reading off a page, screen, or billboard; while flags are alternately draped and fluttering images ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vexillology
Vexillology ( ) is the study of the history, symbolism and usage of flags or, by extension, any interest in flags in general.Smith, Whitney. ''Flags Through the Ages and Across the World'' New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975. Print. A person who studies flags is a list of vexillologists, vexillologist, one who designs flags is a vexillographer, and the art of designing flags is called vexillography. A hobbyist or general admirer of flags is a vexillophile. Etymology The word vexillology is a synthesis of the Latin word (a kind of square flag which was carried by Roman cavalry) and the Greek suffix ("study"). History American scholar Whitney Smith is acknowledged for conceiving "vexillology" in 1957. He wrote, "While the use of flags goes back to the earliest days of human civilization, the study of that usage in a serious fashion is so recent that the term for it did not appear in print until 1959." Before this time, the study of flags was generally considered a part of heraldry, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Nepal
The national flag of Nepal is the world's only non-rectangular symbol which is used as both the National symbol, state and civil flag of a sovereign country. The symbol is a simplified combination of two single pennon, pennants, known as a double-pennon. Its crimson red is the symbol of bravery and it also represents the color of the rhododendron, Nepal's national flower, while the blue border is the color of peace. Until 1962, the flag's emblems, both the sun and the crescent moon, had human faces, but they were removed to modernize the flag. The current flag was adopted on 16 December 1962, along with the formation of a new constitutional government. Shankar Nath Rimal, a civil engineer, standardised the flag on the request of King Mahendra of Nepal, Mahendra. It borrows from the original, traditional design, used throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, and is a combination of the two individual pennons used by rival branches of the ruling dynasty. It is the only current nation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Argentina
The national flag of the Argentine Republic, often referred to as the Argentine flag (), is a triband (flag), triband, composed of three equally wide horizontal bands coloured light blue and white. There are multiple interpretations on the reasons for those colors. The flag was created by Manuel Belgrano, in line with the creation of the Cockade of Argentina, and was first raised at the city of Rosario on February 27, 1812, during the Argentine War of Independence. The National Flag Memorial was later built on the site. The First Triumvirate (Argentina), First Triumvirate did not approve the use of the flag, but the Asamblea del Año XIII allowed the use of the flag as a war flag. It was the Congress of Tucumán which finally designated it as the national flag, in 1816. A yellow Sun of May was added to the center in 1818. The full flag featuring the sun is called the Official Ceremonial Flag (). The flag without the sun is considered the Ornamental Flag (). While both versions a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel Belgrano
Manuel José Joaquín del Corazón de Jesús Belgrano (3 June 1770 – 20 June 1820), usually referred to as Manuel Belgrano (), was an Argentina, Argentine public servant, economist, lawyer, politician, journalist, and military leader. He took part in the Argentine Wars of Independence and designed what became the flag of Argentina. Argentines regard him as one of the main Libertadores, Founding Fathers of the country. Belgrano was born in Buenos Aires, the fourth child of Italian businessman Domingo Belgrano y Peri and of María Josefa González Casero. He came into contact with the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment while at university in Spain around the time of the 1789 French Revolution. In 1794 he returned to the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, where he became a notable member of the Criollo people, criollo population of Buenos Aires; he tried to promote some of the new political and economic ideals, but found severe resistance from local . This rejection led him to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Tristan Da Cunha
The flag of Tristan da Cunha was adopted on 20 October 2002, in a proclamation made by the Governor of Saint Helena under a Royal Warrant granted by Queen Elizabeth II. The flag is a blue ensign design, defaced with the coat of arms of Tristan da Cunha — a Tristan longboat above a Naval Crown, with a central shield decorated with four yellow-nosed albatross and flanked by two Tristan rock lobsters. Below this, there is a scroll with the territory's motto, ''Our faith is our strength.'' References Flags displaying animals Flag Tristan da Cunha Tristan da Cunha Tristan da Cunha (), colloquially Tristan, is a remote group of volcano, volcanic islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is one of three constituent parts of the British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascensi ... Tristan Flags that incorporate the Union Jack {{TristandaCunha-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graham Bartram
The Flag Institute is a membership organisation and UK-registered educational charity devoted to the study and promotion of flags and flag flying. It documents flags in the UK and around the world, maintains a UK Flag Registry, and offers advice and guidance about flags and their design and usage. It is often consulted on these matters but holds no official status or authority. History and role The Flag Institute was formed from the Flag Section of The Heraldry Society on St George's Day, 23 April 1971, by William Crampton, later president of FIAV, with E.M.C. Barraclough as its chairman. It is a membership-based vexillological organisation with over 400 members from all parts of the world, an adviser to the UK Parliamentary Flags and Heraldry Committee, and the provider of advice and information to individuals and organisations including UK Government departments, the BBC, ITN, and many publishers, museums and libraries. The Flag Institute became a charity in 2013, foll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basque Country (autonomous Community)
The Basque Country or Basque Autonomous Community (), also officially called Euskadi (), is an Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in northern Spain. It includes the Basque provinces of Álava, Araba, Biscay, Bizkaia, and Gipuzkoa. It surrounds two enclaves called Treviño enclave, Treviño (Province of Burgos, Burgos) and Valle de Villaverde (Cantabria). The Basque Country was granted the status of ''Nationalities and regions of Spain, nationality'', attributed by the Spanish Constitution of 1978. The autonomous community is based on the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country, a foundational legal document providing the framework for the development of the Basque people on Southern Basque Country. Parallelly, Navarre, which narrowly rejected a joint statute of autonomy in 1932, was granted a separate chartered statute in 1982. Currently there is no official capital in the autonomous community, but the city of Vitoria-Gasteiz, in the province of Álava, is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ikurriña
The flag of the Basque Country, also known as the ikurrina (in Basque)EuskaltzaindiaDictionary of the Standard Basque, retrieved 2010-10-04. or ikurriña ( Spanish spelling of the Basque term), is the official flag of the Basque Country Autonomous Community of Spain. This flag consists of a white cross over a green saltire on a red field. Terminology The name is a neologism by Luis and Sabino Arana, from 'mark, sign' (itself a neologism extracted from 'to read'), comparable to the Catalan and Faroese . In Basque, it has the generic meaning of 'flag', but especially that of the Basque Country, as defined by the Euskaltzaindia (Royal Academy of the Basque Language). The original Biscayne spelling of the Aranas was (the final is the Basque definite article, in singular). The modern standard Basque spelling is . Design Similar in pattern to the Union Jack, the flag was designed by the founders of the Basque Nationalist Party EAJ-PNV, Luis and Sabino Arana, and is c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabino Arana
Sabino Policarpo Arana Goiri (in Spanish language, Spanish), Sabin Polikarpo Arana Goiri (in Basque language, Basque), or Arana ta Goiri'taŕ Sabin (self-styled) (26 January 1865 – 25 November 1903), was a spaniards, Spanish writer and the founder of the Basque Nationalist Party, Basque Nationalist Party (PNV). Considered the father of Basque nationalism, he promoted and helped standardize the Basque language, creating a distinct Basque orthography, orthography that would later form the basis for Standard Basque (with some alterations), while also coining many neologisms, both of which he believed would help give the language the flexibility and prestige required to not be displaced by Castillian language, Castillian and French language, French. More controversially, he was also a proponent of many Sexism, sexist and Racism, racist ideas, including some beliefs described as Proto-fascism, proto-fascist, which have spurred criticism from both opponents and supporters of Basqu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis Arana (politician)
Luis Arana Goiri, self-styled as Arana ta Goiri'taŕ Koldobika (1862 in Bilbao – 1951 in Santurtzi), was a Basque nationalist politician and founder of the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) (and creator of its flag) along with his brother Sabino Arana Sabino Policarpo Arana Goiri (in Spanish language, Spanish), Sabin Polikarpo Arana Goiri (in Basque language, Basque), or Arana ta Goiri'taŕ Sabin (self-styled) (26 January 1865 – 25 November 1903), was a spaniards, Spanish writer and the .... He served as president of the PNV 1911?–1916, 1922–1930 (Aberri), and 1932–1933. References 1862 births 1951 deaths Basque Nationalist Party politicians Flag designers Leaders of political parties in Spain Politicians from Bilbao {{BasqueCountry-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Portugal
The national flag of the Portugal, Portuguese Republic, often referred to as the Portuguese flag consists of a rectangular bicolour with a field divided into green on the Flag terminology#Description of standard flag parts and terms, hoist, and red on the Flag terminology#Description of standard flag parts and terms, fly. The version without laurels of the Coat of arms of Portugal, country’s national coat of arms stands in the middle of the armillary sphere, Portuguese armillary sphere and shield, centered over the colour boundary at equal distance. The flag was announced in First Portuguese Republic, 1910, following the 5 October 1910 revolution, inspired by the colours of the Portuguese Republican Party, Republican Party and the design of radical conspiratorial society Carbonária. Its presentation was done on 1 December 1910, after the downfall of the History of Portugal (1834-1910), constitutional monarchy on 5 October 1910. However, it was only on 30 June 1911, that the of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro
Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro (Almada, 21 November 1857 – Lisbon, 6 November 1929), who is usually referred to as Columbano, was a Portuguese Realist painter. Usually considered the greatest Portuguese painter of the 19th century, he has been compared to the likes of Wilhelm Leibl and John Singer Sargent. Life and work Columbano was born in Cacilhas, Portugal. He was the son of romantic painter, Manuel Maria Bordalo Pinheiro, and the younger brother of the great caricaturist, Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro. He became the leading painter of his generation and the master of realism in Portuguese painting, specializing in portraiture. He was disciple of his father, of the painter Miguel Ângelo Lupi and the sculptor Simões de Almeida. After attempting twice for a bursar to study abroad finally in 1881 the Countess of Edla, second wife of King Ferdinand II would finance his study in France. There he studied the work of French naturalist, realist and impressionist painters, like C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
