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Versement Transport
In France, the versement transport (abbreviated VT) is a hypothecated Hypothec (; , , from Lat. ''hypotheca'', from Gk. : hypothēkē), sometimes tacit hypothec, is a term used in civil law systems (e.g. the law of most of Continental Europe) to refer to a registered real security of a creditor over real estate ... urban regional payroll tax levied on the total gross salaries of all employees of companies of more than 11 employees, originally intended to raise capital for investment in local public transport infrastructure, but more and more used to cover its operating expenses. The tax is levied on the employer, not the employee directly. The money is directed to the (AOT, "Urban Regional Transport Authority"), the local government authority responsible for organising public transport. In 2010, for example, this tax financed nearly 40% of the operational cost for the public transport network in Ile-de-France through the (STIF), the AOT for the Île-de-France (region), Î ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlantic, North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and List of islands of France, many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean, giving it Exclusive economic zone of France, one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world. Metropolitan France shares borders with Belgium and Luxembourg to the north; Germany to the northeast; Switzerland to the east; Italy and Monaco to the southeast; Andorra and Spain to the south; and a maritime border with the United Kingdom to the northwest. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea. Its Regions of France, eighteen integral regions—five of which are overseas—span a combined area of and hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seine-Saint-Denis
() is a department of France located in the Grand Paris metropolis in the region. In French, it is often referred to colloquially as ' or ' ("ninety-three" or "nine three"), after its official administrative number, 93. Its prefecture is Bobigny. In 2019, it had a population of 1,644,903 across 39 communes.Populations légales 2019: 93 Seine-Saint-Denis INSEE In French, the learned but rarely used demonym for the inhabitants of Seine-Saint-Denis is ; more common is . Geography The department is surrounded by the departments of Hauts-de-Seine, Val-de-Marne, |
Communauté Urbaine
(; French for "urban community") is the second most integrated form of intercommunality in France, after the ''Metropolis'' (). A is composed of a city ( commune) and its independent suburbs (independent communes). The first communautés urbaines were created by the French Parliament on 31 December 1966. Originally there were only four, found in the metropolitan areas of Bordeaux, Lille, Lyon and Strasbourg. Later, others were created in other metropolitan areas. The purpose of the communautés urbaines was to achieve cooperation and joint administration between large cities and their independent suburbs. This step often followed failed attempts to merge the communes within a metropolitan area. The status of the communauté urbaine was modified by the Chevènement Law of 1999. Since the creation of the métropoles in 2011, several former communautés urbaines have become métropoles, for instance Nice, Strasbourg, Marseille, Nancy and Dijon. Unlike the case in either a co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communauté D'agglomération
An agglomeration community (, ) is a consortium of communes in France, communes (municipality, municipalities) in France, created as a government structure by the Jean-Pierre Chevènement, Chevènement Law of 1999. It is one of four forms of commune in France#Intercommunality, intercommunality, less integrated than a or a communauté urbaine but more integrated than a communauté de communes. Agglomeration communities consist of a communes in France, commune of at least 15,000 inhabitants (or a prefectures in France, prefecture with less than 15,000 inhabitants) and its independent suburbs. As of January 2025, there are 230 agglomeration communities in France (214 in metropolitan France and 16 in the overseas departments). BANAT ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communauté De Communes
A (, "community of communes") is a federation of municipalities (communes) in France. It forms a framework within which local tasks are carried out together. It is the least-integrated form of ''intercommunalité'' (intercommunality). As of 1 January 2007, there were 2,400 ''communautés de communes'' in France (2,391 in metropolitan France and 9 in the overseas departments), with 26.48 million people living in them. Since then many ''communautés de communes'' have been merged or have joined a ''communauté d'agglomération'', a ''communauté urbaine'' or a . Whereas there were 2,409 ''communautés de communes'' in January 2010 and 1,842 in January 2016, there were only 989 ''communautés de communes'' left in January 2025. BANAT ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Val-d'Oise
Val-d'Oise (, "Vale of the Oise") is a department in the Île-de-France region, Northern France. It was created in 1968 following the split of the Seine-et-Oise department. In 2019, Val-d'Oise had a population of 1,249,674.Populations légales 2019: 95 Val-d'Oise INSEE It is named after the river , a major tributary of the , which crosses the region after having started in Belgium and flowed through Northeastern France. Val-d'Oise is Île-de-France's northernmost department. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Essonne
Essonne () is a department in the southern part of the Île-de-France region in Northern France. It is named after the river Essonne. In 2019, it had a population of 1,301,659, across 194 communes.Populations légales 2019: 91 Essonne INSEE Essonne was formed on 1 January 1968, when Seine-et-Oise was split into smaller departments. Its is Évry-Courcouronnes. Its [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yvelines
Yvelines () is a department in the western part of the Île-de-France region in Northern France. In 2019, it had a population of 1,448,207.Populations légales 2019: 78 Yvelines INSEE Its prefecture is Versailles, home to the , the principal residence of the King of France from 1682 until 1789, a [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seine-et-Marne
Seine-et-Marne () is a department in the Île-de-France region in Northern France. Named after the rivers Seine and Marne, it is the region's largest department with an area of 5,915 square kilometres (2,284 square miles); it roughly covers its eastern half. In 2019, it had a population of 1,421,197.Populations légales 2019: 77 Seine-et-Marne INSEE Its is Melun, although both Meaux and [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Val-de-Marne
Val-de-Marne (, "Vale of the Marne") is a department of France located in the Île-de-France region. Named after the river Marne, it is situated in the Grand Paris metropolis to the southeast of the City of Paris. In 2019, Val-de-Marne had a population of 1,407,124.Populations légales 2019: 94 Val-de-Marne INSEE Its INSEE and postcode number is 94. Geography Val-de-Marne is, together with Seine-Saint-Denis and |
Hauts-de-Seine
Hauts-de-Seine (; ) is a department in the Île-de-France region of France. It covers Paris's western inner suburbs. It is bordered by Paris, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne to the east, Val-d'Oise to the north, Yvelines to the west and Essonne to the south. With a population of 1,624,357 (as of 2019)Populations légales 2019: 92 Hauts-de-Seine INSEE and a total area of 176 square kilometres (68 square miles), it has the second highest among all departments of France, after Paris. It is the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypothecated Tax
The hypothecation of a tax (also known as the ring-fencing or earmarking of a tax) is the dedication of the revenue from a specific tax for a particular expenditure purpose. This approach differs from the classical method according to which all government spending is done from a consolidated fund. History Hypothecated taxes have a long history. One of the first examples of earmarking was ship money, the tax paid by English seaports used to finance the Royal Navy. Later, in the 20th century, the hypothecated tax began to be discussed by politicians in the United Kingdom. For example, the Vehicle Excise Duty from 1920 when earned revenues were used for the construction and maintenance of the roads, assigning 1p on the income tax directly to education in 1992, or giving £300 million per year from the revenues from taxes on the tobacco industry to help the fight against smoking-related diseases since 1999. Types of hypothecated tax The hypothecated tax can be divided into three g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
