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Vellalar
Vellalar is a group of Caste system in India, castes in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and northeastern parts of Sri Lanka. The Vellalar are members of several endogamous castes such as the numerically strong Arunattu Vellalar, Chozhia Vellalar, Karkarthar, Karkarthar Vellalar, Kongu Vellalar, Thuluva Vellalar and Sri Lankan Vellalar. Etymology The earliest occurrence of the term ''Velaalar'' (வேளாளர்) in Sangam literature is in Paripatal, Paripadal where it is used in the sense of a landowner. The term Velaalar (வேளாளர்) can be derived from the word Vel (வேள்), Vel being a title that was borne by the Velir chieftains of Sangam age among other things. The word ''Vellalar'' (வெள்ளாளர்) may come from the root ''Vellam'' for flood, which gave rise to various rights of land; and it is because of the acquisition of land rights that the Vellalar got their name. History The Vellalars have a long cultural history that go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sri Lankan Vellalar
Lankan Vellalar () is a caste in Sri Lanka, predominantly found in the Jaffna peninsula and adjacent Vanni region, who comprise about half of the Sri Lankan Tamil population. They were traditionally involved in agriculture, but also included merchants, landowners and temple patrons. They also form part of the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora. They are reputed as a ritually and numerically dominant caste in the Northern Sri Lankan society, who have contributed among the political elites of the Sri Lankan Tamils. Many of the Tamil Mudaliyars, a high colonial rank, were drawn from the Vellalar caste. In Eastern Sri Lanka, the Vellalars as other prominent castes there, are further divided into ''kudis'' or matrilineal clans. Etymology The word ''Vellalar'' is derived from their art of irrigation and cultivation. The word comes from the Tamil words ''veḷḷam'' ("flood", "water" or "abundance") and ''āṇmai'' ("lordship" or "management"); thus the word literally means "those who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vellalar Of Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan Vellalar () is a Caste system in Sri Lanka, caste in Sri Lanka, predominantly found in the Jaffna peninsula and adjacent Vanni region, who comprise about half of the Sri Lankan Tamils, Sri Lankan Tamil population. They were traditionally involved in agriculture, but also included merchants, landowners and temple patrons. They also form part of the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora. They are reputed as a ritually and numerically dominant caste in the Northern Sri Lankan society, who have contributed among the political elites of the Sri Lankan Tamils. Many of the Tamil Ceylonese Mudaliyars, Mudaliyars, a high colonial rank, were drawn from the Vellalar caste. In Eastern Province, Sri Lanka, Eastern Sri Lanka, the Vellalars as other prominent castes there, are further divided into ''kudis'' or Matrilineality, matrilineal clans. Etymology The word ''Vellalar'' is derived from their art of irrigation and cultivation. The word comes from the Tamil language, Tamil words ''veḷ� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kongu Vellalar
Kongu Vellalar is a community found in the Kongu region of Tamil Nadu, India. Etymology The Vellalar of the Kongunadu, Kongu country came to be known as Kongu Vellalar. They are also known by names such as "Bupaalan", Gangavamsam, Kudiyaanavar and Vivasaayi, and use the title Gounder as a caste appellation in their personal names. Origin According to the ''Kongu Vellalar Puranam'', a 19th-century work by Mahavidwan Kandasamy Kavirayar, the Vellalar of the Kongu country trace their origin to Marabalan, a mythical figure who was created from the river Ganges to rid the world of hunger. Marabalan turned to agriculture and his descendants became the Vellalar. Marabalan had various titles such as Gangavamsa, Devar, Vellalar, Bupaalan, etc. Interestingly the Vokkaliga#Gangadikara_Vokkaliga, Gandadikara Vokkaligas of the neighbouring parts of Karnataka also claim origin from the banks of the Ganges.:”Gangadikara is a contraction of the term Gangawadikara (A man of Gangavadi)” Ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mudaliar
Mudaliar (alternatively spelled: Muthaliar, Mudali, Muthali) is a Tamil title and surname. As title, it was historically given to high-ranking officers, administrators and their descendants during the rule of Imperial Cholas. The surname is most prevalent among Tamils from Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka. Descendants of Tamil migrants also bears variants of the name in countries such as South Africa, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore and elsewhere in the Tamil diaspora. The title is usually borne by the communities like the Kondaikatti Vellalar, Thuluva Vellalar and Senguntha Kaikolar for serving as minsters, military commanders and soldiers in Chola Empire. Etymology The title is derived from the Tamil word ''muthal'' or "muthar" meaning ''first'' with the suffix ''yaar'' denoting ''people''. The title Mudaliar means a person of first rank. The title is used in the same sense as simply meaning ''headman'' or ''chieftain''. History The term "Mudali" (or "Mudaliar") is an honorific hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thuluva Vellalar
Thuluva Vellalar, also known as Agamudi Mudaliar or Arcot Mudaliars, is a caste found in northern Tamil Nadu, southern Andhra Pradesh and southern Karnataka. They were an elite and dominant land-owning community. Etymology The earliest occurrence of the term Velaalar (வேளாளர்) in Sangam literature is found in Paripadal, where it is used in the sense of a landowner. The word Vellalar (வெள்ளாளர்) may originate from the root Vellam for flood, denoting their ability to control and store water for irrigation purposes. which led to the development of various land rights, ultimately giving the Vellalar their name. The term Velaalar (வேளாளர்) is also derived from the word Vel (வேள்), a title used by Velir chieftains during the Sangam age. Since they migrated from the Tulu region of ancient Tamizhagam, they are called Thuluva Vellalar. History Thuluva Vellalars are part of larger Vellalar community. An early Tamil tradition sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pillai (surname)
Pillai or Pillay, () meaning "Child of King" (Prince) or "Child", is a surname found among the Malayalam and Tamil language, Tamil speaking people of India and Sri Lanka. In Kerala, Pillai is the most common title among Nair, upper-caste Nairs, often bestowed by the ruling Samantha Kshatriya, royal families of Kerala and less commonly found among Brahmin, some Brahmins, Saint Thomas Christians, Nazrani Mappila and Marar (caste), Marars of travancore. In Tamil Nadu, it is a most common surname among various Vellalar, high-ranking Vellalar subcastes. It is less commonly found among some other Tamil-speaking castes, including Isai Vellalar, Agamudayar, etc. A minority population of Tamil Pillais have migrated and can be found in some parts of Kerala and Karnataka. ''In general, the concept of "Pillai (Kerala title), the Pillai title of Kerala" and "Pillai (Vellalar), the Pillai surname of Tamilnadu" have two different meanings and no direct relation with each other.'' Etymology a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chozhia Vellalar
Chozhia Vellalar (also spelt as Sozhia Vellalar) is a high-ranking subcaste of the Vellalar caste. They are landlords and cultivators who formed the aristocracy of ancient Tamil society from the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Etymology The earliest occurrence of the term Velaalar (வேளாளர்) in Sangam literature is found in Paripadal, where it is used in the sense of a landowner. The word Vellalar (வெள்ளாளர்) may originate from the root Vellam for flood, denoting their ability to control and store water for irrigation purposes. which led to the development of various land rights, ultimately giving the Vellalar their name. The term Velaalar (வேளாளர்) is also derived from the word Vel (வேள்), a title used by Velir chieftains during the Sangam age. The term Chozhia means "men of the Chola country" and refers to the Vellalars of the Chola region. They use Pillai as a surname. History Their name, ''Sozhiya'' or ''Cho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arunattu Vellalar
The Arunattu Vellalar are a Tamil-speaking agrarian community predominantly found in Tamil Nadu, India. They are a sub-caste of the broader Vellalar caste and mainly depend on farming, as many own agricultural land. Some also work in business, government jobs or as laborers, while a few are moneylenders. The term "Arunattu" signifies their ancestral origins tied to specific regions in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. Etymology The earliest occurrence of the term ''Velaalar'' (வேளாளர்) in Sangam literature is in Paripadal where it is used in the sense of a landowner. The term Velaalar (வேளாளர்) can be derived from the word Vel (வேள்), Vel being a title that was borne by the Velir chieftains of Sangam age among other things. The word ''Vellalar'' (வெள்ளாளர் ) may come from the root ''Vellam'' for flood, which gave rise to various rights of land; and it is because of the acquisition of land rights that the Vellalar got their n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karkarthar
Kaarkaathaar is a subcaste of Vellalar Hindu caste in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Etymology Kaarkaathaar, ( 'rain', and , 'protector' in Tamil), signifying 'The one who protected rain'. The earliest occurrence of the term ''Velaalar'' (வேளாளர்) in Sangam literature is in Paripadal where it is used in the sense of a landowner. The term Velaalar (வேளாளர்) can be derived from the word Vel (வேள்), Vel being a title that was borne by the Velir chieftains of Sangam age among other things. The word ''Vellalar'' (வெள்ளாளர் ) may come from the root ''Vellam'' for flood, which gave rise to various rights of land; and it is because of the acquisition of land rights that the Vellalar got their name. History In the years that immediately followed the Sangam age (from third to sixth century CE), the Tamil lands were ruled by a dynasty called Kalabhras. Scholar and historian M. Raghava Iyengar identifies the Kalabhras with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gounder
Gounder is a title used by various communities in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It may refer to various communities such as Kongu Vellalar, Vettuva Gounder, Vettuva, Vanniyar, Kurumba Gounder, Kurumba, Thuluva Vellalar, :ta:Urali_Gounder, Urali, Vokkaliga, Tamil Vokkaligas. Etymology There are a number of derivations for the title. One theory derives it from the Tamil language, Tamil word ''Kaamindan'', meaning "noble protector of the country", later modified as ''Kavundan'' or Gounder. According to S. N. Sadasivan, some of these Vellalars branched off from the Vokkaligas and both might have a common origin from the Kuruba, Kurumba. History During the British Raj era, some Gounders migrated to British Malaya, Malayan rubber plantations as kangani system, Kanganis to manage the coolies. References Gounder, Tamil society Surnames of Indian origin Karnataka society Social groups of Tamil Nadu South Indian communities {{India-ethno-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vannimai
The Vanni chieftaincies or Vanni tribes was a region between Anuradhapura and Jaffna, but also extending to along the eastern coast to Panama and Yala, during the Transitional and Kandyan periods of Sri Lanka. The heavily forested land was a collection of chieftaincies of principalities that were a collective buffer zone between the Jaffna Kingdom, in the north of Sri Lanka, and the Sinhalese kingdoms in the south. Traditionally the forest regions were ruled by Vedda rulers. Later on, the emergence of these chieftaincies was a direct result of the breakdown of central authority and the collapse of the Kingdom of Polonnaruwa in the 13th century, as well as the establishment of the Jaffna Kingdom in the Jaffna Peninsula. Control of this area was taken over by dispossessed Sinhalese nobles and chiefs of the South Indian military of Māgha of Kalinga (1215–1236), whose 1215 invasion of Polonnaruwa led to the kingdom's downfall. Sinhalese chieftaincies would lay on the northern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velir
The Velir were a royal house of minor dynastic kings and aristocratic chieftains in Tamilakam in the early historic period of South India. They had close relations with Chera, Chola and Pandya rulers through ruling and coronation rights. Medieval inscriptions and Sangam literature claim that they belong to the Yadu dynasty. Velir may refer to master of land. Origin The Purananuru, one of the Eight Anthologies of Sangam literature, praises King Irunkōvēl, a 49th generation descendant of the Vēlir clan whose ancestors appeared from the pitcher (தடவு) of a Northern sage (Agastya), and said to have ruled Thuvarai (Dvārakā) with a fort containing tall huge walls made of bronze. According to a commentary on '' Tholkappiyam'', the earliest long work of Tamil literature, eighteen clans of the Velirs came from the city of '' Tuvarapati'' under the leadership of the sage Agastya.Pivot politics: changing cultural identities in early state formation processes By M. van ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
