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Vallis (planetary Geology)
''Vallis'' or ''valles'' (plural ''valles'' ) is the Latin word for ''valley''. It is used in planetary geology to name landform features on other planets. Scientists used ''vallis'' for old river valleys they discovered when they sent the first probes to Mars. The Viking Orbiters caused a revolution in our ideas about water on Mars, finding huge river valleys in many areas. Space craft cameras showed that floods of water broke through dams, carved deep valleys, eroded grooves into bedrock, and traveled thousands of kilometers. Some valles on Mars (Mangala Vallis, Athabasca Vallis, Granicus Vallis, and Tinjar Valles) clearly begin at graben. On the other hand, some of the large outflow channels begin in rubble-filled low areas, called chaos or chaotic terrain. It has been suggested that massive amounts of water were trapped under pressure beneath a thick cryosphere (layer of frozen ground), then the water was suddenly released, perhaps when the cryosphere was broken by a fault. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin
Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area around Rome, Italy. Through the expansion of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language in the Italian Peninsula and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. It has greatly influenced many languages, Latin influence in English, including English, having contributed List of Latin words with English derivatives, many words to the English lexicon, particularly after the Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England, Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons and the Norman Conquest. Latin Root (linguistics), roots appear frequently in the technical vocabulary used by fields such as theology, List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names, the sciences, List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes, medicine, and List of Latin legal terms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kasei Valles
The Kasei Valles are a giant system of canyons in Mare Acidalium and Lunae Palus quadrangles on Mars, centered at 24.6° north latitude and 65.0° west longitude. They are long and were named for the word for "Mars" in Japanese. This is one of the largest outflow channel systems on Mars. Geography This huge system is 300 miles wide in some places. In contrast, Earth's Grand Canyon is only 18 miles wide. It is one of the longest continuous outflow channel systems on Mars. The Kasei Valles system begins in Echus Chasma, near Valles Marineris. It runs initially northward, then turns eastward and appears to empty into Chryse Planitia, not far from where Viking 1 landed. At around 20° north latitude the system splits into two channels, called Kasei Vallis Canyon and North Kasei Channel. These branches recombine at around 63° west longitude, forming a large island between the channels known as Sacra Mensa. Some parts of the Kasei Valles are 2–3 km deep. Like ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auqakuh Vallis
Auqakuh Vallis is an ancient river valley in the Syrtis Major quadrangle on Mars, located at 30.4° north latitude and 299.9° west longitude. It is 312 km long, and is named for the word for 'Mars' in Quechua (Inca). Buttes Many places on Mars have buttes that are similar to buttes on Earth, such as the famous ones in Monument Valley, Utah. Buttes are formed when most of a layer(s) of rocks are removed from an area. Buttes usually have a hard, erosion-resistant cap rock on the top. The cap rock causes the top of a butte to be flat. An example of a butte in the Syrtis Major quadrangle The Syrtis Major quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Syrtis Major quadrangle is also referred to as MC-13 (Mars Chart-13). The quadra ... is shown in a picture on this page. References Valleys and canyons on Mars Syrtis Major quadrangle {{Mars-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanedi Valles
The Nanedi Valles are a set of channels in a large valley in the Lunae Palus quadrangle of Mars, located at 4.9° N and 49.0° W. They are 508 km long and were named for the word for "planet" in Sesotho, the national language of Lesotho Lesotho, formally the Kingdom of Lesotho and formerly known as Basutoland, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Entirely surrounded by South Africa, it is the largest of only three sovereign enclave and exclave, enclaves in the world, t ..., Africa. The Nanedi Valles are located between Shalbatana Vallis and the upper Maja Valles. They are 4 km wide at their northern end. Their valley's shape is similar to that of Nirgal Vallis, being very sinuous and having only a few short branches. Unusually for Martian valleys, the individual channel structures within the wider valley floors can occasionally be seen in this system.Malin, M.C., and Carr, M.H. (1999), Groundwater formation of martian valleys, Nature, 397, 589-592 Gall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HiRISE
High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment is a camera on board the '' Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter'' which has been orbiting and studying Mars since 2006. The 65 kg (143 lb), US$40 million instrument was built under the direction of the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. It consists of a 0.5m (19.7 in) aperture reflecting telescope, the largest so far of any deep space mission, which allows it to take pictures of Mars with resolutions of 0.3m/pixel (1ft/pixel), resolving objects below a meter across. HiRISE has imaged Mars exploration rovers on the surface, including the ''Opportunity'' rover and the ongoing ''Curiosity'' mission. History In the late 1980s, of Ball Aerospace & Technologies began planning the kind of high-resolution imaging needed to support sample return and surface exploration of Mars. In early 2001 he teamed up with Alfred McEwen of the University of Arizona to propose such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypanis Vallis
The Hypanis Valles are a set of channels in a 270 km valley in Xanthe Terra on Mars at 11° N, 314° E, in the Lunae Palus quadrangle. They appear to have been carved by long-lived flowing water, and a significant deposit (interpreted by some to be a river delta) exists at their outlet into the lowlands. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maja Valles
The Maja Valles are a large system of ancient outflow channels in the Lunae Palus quadrangle on Mars. About Their location is 12.6° north latitude and 58.3° west longitude. The name is a Nepali word for "Mars". The Maja Valles begin at Juventae Chasma. Parts of the system have been partially buried by thin volcanic debris. The channels end at Chryse Planitia. Huge outflow channels were found in many areas by the Viking Orbiters. They showed that floods of water broke through dams, carved deep valleys, eroded grooves into bedrock, and traveled thousands of kilometers. The Maja Valles show evidence of lava flows in the northern section. Studies with HiRISE and CTX images suggest that the lava flows did not reach the turbulence necessary to erode large channels. So, the Maja Valles are believed to have been formed through water erosion.Keske, A., P. Christensen. 2017. MAJA VALLES: A MULTI-SOURCE FLUVIO-VOLCANIC OUTFLOW CHANNEL SYSTEM. Lunar and Planetary Science XLVIII (2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maumee Valles
The Maumee Valles are a set of channels in an ancient river valley in the Lunae Palus quadrangle of Mars, located at 19.7° N and 53.2° W. They are long and were named after a North American river in Indiana and Ohio. Together with other ancient river valleys, they have provided strong evidence for a great deal of running water on the surface of Mars.Moore, P. et al. 1990. The Atlas of the Solar System. Mitchell Beazley Publishers NY, NY. Image:Kasei Valles topolabled.JPG, Area around the Northern Kasei Valles, showing relationships among Bahram Vallis and the Kasei Valles, Vedra Valles, Maumee Valles, and Maja Valles. Map location is in Lunae Palus quadrangle and includes parts of Lunae Planum and Chryse Planitia. Vallesmaumeevedrabox.jpg, Map showing relative positions of several channel systems in Lunae Palus quadrangle, including the Vedra Valles, Maumee Valles, and Maja Valles. Box indicates where these valleys can be found. Colors show elevation. See also * G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vedra Valles
The Vedra Valles are a set of channels in an ancient river valley in the Lunae Palus quadrangle of Mars, located at 19.4° N and 55.6° W. They are 115 km long and were named after an ancient river in Great Britain. Together with other ancient river valleys, they have provided strong evidence for a great deal of running water on the surface of Mars.Moore, P. et al. 1990. The Atlas of the Solar System. Mitchell Beazley Publishers NY, NY. Image:Kasei Valles topolabled.JPG, Area around the Northern Kasei Valles, showing relationships among Bahram Vallis and the Kasei Valles, Vedra Valles, Maumee Valles, and Maja Valles. Map location is in Lunae Palus quadrangle and includes parts of Lunae Planum and Chryse Planitia. Vallesmaumeevedrabox.jpg, Map showing relative positions of several channel systems in the Lunae Palus quadrangle, including the Vedra Valles, Maumee Valles, and Maja Valles. Box indicates their location; colors designate elevation. See also * Geology of Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahram Vallis
Bahram Vallis is an ancient river valley in the Lunae Palus quadrangle of Mars at 20.7° north latitude and 57.5° west longitude. It is about 302 km long and was named after the word for 'Mars' in Persian. Bahram Vallis is located midway between Vedra Valles and lower Kasei Valles. It is basically a single trunk valley, with scalloped walls in some places. The presence of streamlined erosional features on its floor shows that fluid was involved with its formation.Baker, V. 1982. The Channels of Mars. University of Texas Press. Austin Image:Kasei Valles topolabled.JPG, Area around Northern Kasei Valles, showing relationships among Kasei Valles, Bahram Vallis, Vedra Valles, Maumee Valles, and Maja Valles. Map location is in Lunae Palus quadrangle and includes parts of Lunae Planum and Chryse Planitia. Image:Bahram Vallis.JPG, Bahram Vallis, as seen by HiRISE. Rotational landslides (slumps) are visible at the base of north wall. File:ESP 056904 2015valley.jpg, Close ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viking 1
''Viking 1'' was the first of two spacecraft, along with '' Viking 2'', each consisting of an orbiter and a lander, sent to Mars as part of NASA's Viking program. The lander touched down on Mars on July 20, 1976, the first successful Mars lander in history. ''Viking 1'' operated on Mars for days (over 6 years) or Martian solar days, the longest extraterrestrial surface mission until the record was broken by the ''Opportunity'' rover on May 19, 2010. Mission Following launch using a Titan/Centaur launch vehicle on August 20, 1975, and an 11-month cruise to Mars, the orbiter began returning global images of Mars about five days before orbit insertion. The ''Viking 1'' Orbiter was inserted into Mars orbit on June 19, 1976, and trimmed to a 1,513 x 33,000 km, 24.66 h site certification orbit on June 21. Landing on Mars was planned for July 4, 1976, the United States Bicentennial, but imaging of the primary landing site showed it was too rough for a safe landing. The la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
