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Tuyères
A tuyere or tuyère (; ) is a tube, nozzle or pipe allowing the blowing of air into a furnace or hearth.W. K. V. Gale, The iron and Steel industry: a dictionary of terms (David and Charles, Newton Abbot 1972), 216–217. Air or oxygen is injected into a hearth under pressure from bellows or a blowing engine or other devices. This causes the fire to become hotter in front of the blast than it would otherwise have been, enabling metals to be smelted or melted or made hot enough to be worked in a forge, though these are blown only with air. This applies to any process where a blast is delivered under pressure to make a fire hotter. Archeologists have discovered tuyeres dating from the Iron Age; one example dates from between 770 BCE and 515 BCE. Following the introduction of hot blast, tuyeres are often water-cooled. Around the year 1500 new ironmaking techniques, including the blast furnace and finery forge, were introduced into England from France, along with the French tec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Jacket
A water jacket is a water-filled casing surrounding a device, typically a metal sheath having intake and outlet vents to allow water to be pumped through and circulated. The flow of water to an external heating or cooling device allows precise temperature control of the device. Applications Water jackets are often used for water cooling or heating. They are also used in laboratory glassware: Liebig, Graham, and Allihn condensers. Water jackets were used to cool the barrels of machine guns until several years after the First World War, but modern machine guns are air-cooled to conserve weight and hence increase portability. In a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, the water jacket is a series of holes either cast or bored through the main engine block and connected by inlet and outlet valves to a radiator. Equipment such as tissue culture incubators may be enclosed in a water jacket kept at a constant temperature. A water jacket is used in an Orsat analyzer t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shougang Jing Tang United Iron And Steel Ltd
Shougang Group Co., Ltd. ( zh, s=首钢集团有限公司), formerly known as Shougang Corporation, is a major state-owned enterprise based in Beijing, China. Founded in 1919, it is one of China's oldest and most prominent steel producers. Over the years, Shougang has diversified into mining, real estate, environmental services, and technology-related industries. History Shougang originated as the Shijingshan Steel Plant in Beijing’s Shijingshan District in 1919. It was renamed “Shougang” (short for “Capital Steel”) in 1967. For decades, it was one of the largest steel producers in northern China. Due to growing environmental concerns in the capital, Shougang began relocating its steelmaking operations to Caofeidian District in Tangshan, Hebei Province, starting in 2005. The relocation was completed by 2010, freeing up the original industrial site for redevelopment. Operations Steelmaking Shougang's core steelmaking activities are now centered in Caofeidian, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caofeidan
Caofeidian District (), formerly known as Tanghai County (), is a newly developed district located in Tangshan in the Bohai Sea coastal area of Hebei Province, China. The district spans an area of , and has a population of about 352,100 as of 2020. The district is rapidly urbanizing and was declared an important area for development by the Chinese government in the eleventh Five-Year Plan due to its strategic location in the Jing-Jin-Ji region and its proximity to the Bohai Sea. Caofeidian serves as a crucial shipping port for neighboring cities like Beijing and supports heavy industries such as manufacturing and steelworks. The district has gained recent attention due to its role as the site of the Caofeidian Eco-City, which aimed to combat the effects of urbanization, promote sustainable living, and offset the environmental impact of neighboring heavy industry. However, the project has faced several challenges and delays in its implementation. Toponymy Caofeidian was named a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smeltmill
Smeltmills were water-powered water mill, mills used to smelting, smelt lead or other metals. The older method of smelting lead on wind-blown bole hills began to be superseded by artificially-blown smelters. The first such furnace was built by Burchard Kranich at Makeney, Derbyshire in 1554, but produced less good lead than the older bole hill. William Humfrey (the Queen's assay master), and a leading shareholder in the Company of Mineral and Battery Works introduced the ore hearth from the Mendips about 1577. This was initially blown by a foot-blast, but was soon developed into a water-powered smelt mill at Beauchief (now a suburb of Sheffield). A typical smelt mill had an orehearth and a slaghearth, the latter being used to reprocess slags from the orehearth in order to recover further lead from the slag Further reading *L. Willies, 'Lead: ore preparation and smelting' in J. Day and R. F. Tylecote, ''The Industrial Revolution in Metals'' (Institute of Metals, London 1991), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copper
Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu (from Latin ) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orange color. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material, and as a constituent of various metal alloys, such as sterling silver used in jewelry, cupronickel used to make marine hardware and coins, and constantan used in strain gauges and thermocouples for temperature measurement. Copper is one of the few metals that can occur in nature in a directly usable, unalloyed metallic form. This means that copper is a native metal. This led to very early human use in several regions, from . Thousands of years later, it was the first metal to be smelted from sulfide ores, ; the first metal to be cast into a shape in a mold, ; and the first metal to be purposely alloyed with another metal, tin, to create bronze, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lead
Lead () is a chemical element; it has Chemical symbol, symbol Pb (from Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a Heavy metal (elements), heavy metal that is density, denser than most common materials. Lead is Mohs scale, soft and Ductility, malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut, lead is a shiny gray with a hint of blue. It tarnishes to a dull gray color when exposed to air. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable nuclide, stable element and three of its isotopes are endpoints of major nuclear decay chains of heavier elements. Lead is a relatively unreactive post-transition metal. Its weak metallic character is illustrated by its Amphoterism, amphoteric nature; lead and lead oxides react with acids and base (chemistry), bases, and it tends to form covalent bonds. Lead compounds, Compounds of lead are usually found in the +2 oxidation state rather than the +4 state common with lighter members of the carbon group. Exceptions are mostly limited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blacksmith
A blacksmith is a metalsmith who creates objects primarily from wrought iron or steel, but sometimes from #Other metals, other metals, by forging the metal, using tools to hammer, bend, and cut (cf. tinsmith). Blacksmiths produce objects such as gates, grilles, railings, light fixtures, furniture, sculpture, tools, agricultural implements, decorative and religious items, cooking utensils, and weapons. There was a historical distinction between the heavy work of the blacksmith and the more delicate operations of a whitesmith, who usually worked in Goldsmith, gold, Silversmith, silver, pewter, or the finishing steps of fine steel. The place where a blacksmith works is variously called a smithy, a forge, or a blacksmith's shop. While there are many professions who work with metal, such as farriers, wheelwrights, and Armourer, armorers, in former times the blacksmith had a general knowledge of how to make and repair many things, from the most complex of weapons and armor to simple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chafery
A chafery is a variety of hearth used in ironmaking for reheating a bloom of iron, in the course of its being drawn out into a bar of wrought iron. The equivalent term for a bloomery was string hearth, except in 17th century Cumbria, where the terminology was that of the finery forge. A finery forge for the Walloon process would typically have one chafery to work two fineries (but sometimes one or three fineries). Chaferies were also used in the potting and stamping forges of the Industrial Revolution. Metallurgy References {{Reflist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cast Iron
Cast iron is a class of iron–carbon alloys with a carbon content of more than 2% and silicon content around 1–3%. Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloying elements determine the form in which its carbon appears: Cast iron#White cast iron, white cast iron has its carbon combined into an iron carbide named cementite, which is very hard, but brittle, as it allows cracks to pass straight through; Grey iron, grey cast iron has graphite flakes which deflect a passing crack and initiate countless new cracks as the material breaks, and Ductile iron, ductile cast iron has spherical graphite "nodules" which stop the crack from further progressing. Carbon (C), ranging from 1.8 to 4 wt%, and silicon (Si), 1–3 wt%, are the main alloying elements of cast iron. Iron alloys with lower carbon content are known as steel. Cast iron tends to be brittle, except for malleable iron, malleable cast irons. With its relatively low melting point, g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Watt Engine
The Watt steam engine design was an invention of James Watt that became synonymous with steam engines during the Industrial Revolution, and it was many years before significantly new designs began to replace the basic Watt design. The first steam engines, introduced by Thomas Newcomen in 1712, were of the "atmospheric" design. At the end of the power stroke, the weight of the object being moved by the engine pulled the piston to the top of the cylinder as steam was introduced. Then the cylinder was cooled by a spray of water, which caused the steam to condense, forming a partial vacuum in the cylinder. Atmospheric pressure on the top of the piston pushed it down, lifting the work object. James Watt noticed that it required significant amounts of heat to warm the cylinder back up to the point where steam could enter the cylinder without immediately condensing. When the cylinder was warm enough that it became filled with steam the next power stroke could commence. Watt realise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
