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Trulla (vessel)
''Trulla'' is a fungal genus in the family Steccherinaceae containing six species of polypores. It was circumscribed by mycologists Otto Miettinen and Leif Ryvarden in 2016, as a continuation of prior work that outlined a revised framework for the Steccherinaceae based on molecular phylogenetics. Its closest relative in the Steccherinaceae is the genus '' Nigroporus'', from which it differs in its light-coloured fruit bodies and monomitic context. The generic name ''Trulla'', from the Latin word for a type of pan with handle (for which see Staffordshire Moorlands Pan), alludes to the spatulate (spoon-like) shape of the fruit bodies. Microscopic characteristics of the genus include spores that are curved and cylindrical, cyanophilic skeletal hyphae (staining blue if the microscopic stain Lactophenol Cotton Blue is applied) and slightly thick-walled, wide generative hyphae in the context. Species ''Trulla'' contains six species that were transferred from various other polypore gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the kingdom (biology)#Six kingdoms (1998), traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypha
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or more cells surrounded by a tubular cell wall. In most fungi, hyphae are divided into cells by internal cross-walls called "septa" (singular septum). Septa are usually perforated by pores large enough for ribosomes, mitochondria, and sometimes nuclei to flow between cells. The major structural polymer in fungal cell walls is typically chitin, in contrast to plants and oomycetes that have cellulosic cell walls. Some fungi have aseptate hyphae, meaning their hyphae are not partitioned by septa. Hyphae have an average diameter of 4–6 μm. Growth Hyphae grow at their tips. During tip growth, cell walls are extended by the external assembly and polymerization of cell wall components, and the internal production of new cell membrane. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trulla Ochrotinctella
''Trulla'' is a fungal genus in the family Steccherinaceae containing six species of polypores. It was circumscribed by mycologists Otto Miettinen and Leif Ryvarden in 2016, as a continuation of prior work that outlined a revised framework for the Steccherinaceae based on molecular phylogenetics. Its closest relative in the Steccherinaceae is the genus '' Nigroporus'', from which it differs in its light-coloured fruit bodies and monomitic context. The generic name ''Trulla'', from the Latin word for a type of pan with handle (for which see Staffordshire Moorlands Pan), alludes to the spatulate (spoon-like) shape of the fruit bodies. Microscopic characteristics of the genus include spores that are curved and cylindrical, cyanophilic skeletal hyphae (staining blue if the microscopic stain Lactophenol Cotton Blue is applied) and slightly thick-walled, wide generative hyphae in the context. Species ''Trulla'' contains six species that were transferred from various other polypore gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Complex
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each other, further blurring any distinctions. Terms that are sometimes used synonymously but have more precise meanings are cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two (or more) species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for a group of closely related species that live in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks, species group, species aggregate, macrospecies, and superspecies are also in use. Two or more taxa that were once considered conspecific (of the same species) may later be subdivided into infraspecific taxa (taxa within a species, such as plant variety (botany), varieties), which may be a complex ranking but it is not a species complex. In most cases, a specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical data and observed heritable traits of DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, and morphology. The results are a phylogenetic tree—a diagram depicting the hypothetical relationships among the organisms, reflecting their inferred evolutionary history. The tips of a phylogenetic tree represent the observed entities, which can be living taxa or fossils. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the taxa represented on the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about directionality of character state transformation, and does not show the origin or "root" of the taxa in question. In addition to their use for inferring phylogenetic pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyromyces
''Tyromyces'' is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Petter Karsten in 1881. The type species is the widely distributed '' Tyromyces chioneus'', commonly known as the white cheese polypore. The phylogenetic position of ''Tyromyces'' within the Polyporales is uncertain, but it appears that it does not belong to the "core polyporoid clade". ''Tyromyces'' is polyphyletic as it is currently circumscribed, and has been described as "a dumping place for monomitic white-rot species with thin-walled spores." The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek words ("cheese") and (fungus"). Description ''Tyromyces'' fungi have fruit bodies that are pileate (i.e., with a cap) to resupinate ( crust-like). Fruit bodies are short-lived, and often mostly white, but turning a darker colour when dry. The colour of the pore surface is usually white to cream, sometime with greenish tinges. Like the cap surface, it darkens when dry. Microscopic c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coriolus
''Trametes'' is a genus of fungi that is distinguished by a pileate basidiocarp, di- to trimitic hyphal systems, smooth non-dextrinoid spores, and a hymenium usually without true hymenial cystidia.Ryvarden L. (1991). "Genera of polypores: Nomenclature and taxonomy." ''Syn. Fung.'' 5: 1–363. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains about 195 species. The genus was circumscribed by Elias Magnus Fries in 1836. ''Trametes'' fungi are food for caterpillars of certain Lepidoptera, mainly fungus moths (Tineidae) such as ''Triaxomera parasitella''. Biotechnology Several species of ''Trametes'' have been investigated for biotechnological application of their lignin-degrading enzymes (particularly laccase and manganese peroxidase) for analytical, industrial or environmental sciences. Selected species *''Trametes gibbosa'' – Lumpy bracket *''Trametes hirsuta'' – Hairy bracket *''Trametes nivosa'' *'' Trametes pubescens'' *''Trametes versicolor ''Trametes versicolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptoporus
''Leptoporus'' is a genus of polypore fungi. The type species, ''Leptoporus mollis'' (or the soft bracket), is widespread throughout north temperate areas. The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words ("thin") and ("pore"). Although traditionally classified in the family Polyporaceae, recent molecular phylogenetic analysis supports the placement of ''Leptoporus '' in the Irpicaceae The Irpicaceae are a family of mostly polypores and crust fungi in the order Polyporales. Taxonomy The family was circumscribed in 2003 by mycologists Viacheslav Spirin and Ivan Zmitrovich. The type genus is '' Irpex''. Later multi-gene phylogen .... Species *'' Leptoporus alutaeformis'' Pat. (1920) *'' Leptoporus apalus'' (Cooke) Pat. (1900) *'' Leptoporus bulgaricus'' Pilát (1937) *'' Leptoporus canaliculatus'' (Pat.) Pat. (1900) *'' Leptoporus coriolus'' D.A.Reid (1963) *'' Leptoporus dalmaticus'' Pilát (1953) *'' Leptoporus lindtneri'' Pilát (1938) *'' Leptoporus micantiformis' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyporus
''Polyporus'' is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. Taxonomy Italian botanist Pier Antonio Micheli introduced the genus in 1729 to include 14 species featuring fruit bodies with centrally-placed stipes, and pores on the underside of the cap. The generic name combines the Ancient Greek words ("many") and ("pore"). Elias Fries divided ''Polyporus'' into three subgenera in his 1855 work ''Novae Symbol Mycologici'': ''Eupolyporus'', ''Fomes'', and ''Poria''. In a 1995 monograph, Maria Núñez and Leif Ryvarden grouped 32 ''Polyporus'' species into 6 morphologically-based infrageneric groups: ''Admirabilis'', ''Dendropolyporus'', '' Favolus'', ''Polyporellus'', ''Melanopus'', and ''Polyporus'' ''sensu stricto''. The identity of the type species of ''Polyporus'' has long been a matter of contention among mycologists. Some have preferred '' P. brumalis'', some '' P. squamosus'', while others have preferred '' P. tuberaster''. Selected species Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
