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Troglobites
A troglobite (or, formally, troglobiont) is an animal species, or population of a species, strictly bound to underground habitats, such as caves. These are separate from species that mainly live in above-ground habitats but are also able to live underground (eutroglophiles), and species that are only cave visitors (subtroglophiles and trogloxenes). Land-dwelling troglobites may be referred to as troglofauna, while aquatic species may be called stygofauna, although for these animals the term ''stygobite'' is preferable. Troglobites typically have evolutionary adaptations to cave life. Examples of such adaptations include slow metabolism, reduced energy consumption, better food usage efficiency, decrease or loss of eyesight (anophthalmia), and depigmentation (absence of pigment in the integument). Conversely, as opposed to lost or reduced functions, many species have evolved elongated antenna (biology), antenna and leg, locomotory appendages, in order to better move around and respon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troglofauna
Troglofauna are small cave-dwelling animals that have adapted to their dark surroundings. Troglofauna and stygofauna are the two types of subterranean fauna (based on life-history). Both are associated with subterranean environments – troglofauna are associated with caves and spaces above the water table and stygofauna with water. Troglofaunal species include spiders, insects, myriapods and others. Some troglofauna live permanently underground and cannot survive outside the cave environment. Troglofauna adaptations and characteristics include a heightened sense of hearing, touch and smell. Loss of under-used senses is apparent in the lack of pigmentation as well as eyesight in most troglofauna. Troglofauna insects may exhibit longer appendages and a lack of wings. Ecological categories Troglofauna are divided into three main categories based on their ecology: * Troglobionts (or troglobites): species, or populations of species, strictly bound to subterranean habitats. * Troglo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stygofauna
Stygofauna are any fauna that live in groundwater systems or aquifers, such as caves, fissures and vugs. Stygofauna and troglofauna are the two types of subterranean fauna (based on life-history). Both are associated with subterranean environments – stygofauna are associated with water, and troglofauna with caves and spaces above the water table. Stygofauna can live within freshwater aquifers and within the pore spaces of limestone, calcrete or laterite, whilst larger animals can be found in cave waters and wells. Stygofaunal animals, like troglofauna, are divided into three groups based on their life history - stygophiles, stygoxenes, and stygobites. # Stygophiles inhabit both surface and subterranean aquatic environments, but are not necessarily restricted to either. # Stygoxenes are like stygophiles, except they are defined as accidental or occasional presence in subterranean waters. Stygophiles and stygoxenes may live for part of their lives in caves, but don't complete t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cave
Caves or caverns are natural voids under the Earth's Planetary surface, surface. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. Exogene caves are smaller openings that extend a relatively short distance underground (such as rock shelters). Caves which extend further underground than the opening is wide are called endogene caves. Speleology is the science of exploration and study of all aspects of caves and the cave environment. Visiting or exploring caves for recreation may be called Caving, ''caving'', ''potholing'', or ''spelunking''. Formation types The formation and development of caves is known as ''speleogenesis''; it can occur over the course of millions of years. Caves can range widely in size, and are formed by various geological processes. These may involve a combination of chemical processes, erosion by water, tectonic forces, microorganisms, pressure, and atmospheric influences. Isotopic dating techniques can be applied to cave sedime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or, in scientific literature, as an ''endemite''. Similarly, many species found in the Western ghats of India are examples of endemism. Endemism is an important concept in conservation biology for measuring biodiversity in a particular place and evaluating the risk of extinction for species. Endemism is also of interest in evolutionary biology, because it provides clues about how changes in the environment cause species to undergo range shifts (potentially expanding their range into a larger area or bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology (biology), morphology, behaviour, or ecological niche. In addition, palaeontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. About 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a binomial nomenclature, two-part name, a "binomen". The first part of a binomen is the name of a genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name (zoology), specific name or the specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tumbling Creek Cavesnail
The Tumbling Creek cavesnail (''Antrobia culveri'') is a species of freshwater cave snail with gills and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Amnicolidae.Bouchet, P. (2014). Antrobia culveri Hubricht, 1971. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=729787 on 2015-02-19 ''Antrobia culveri'' is the only species in the genus ''Antrobia''.Kabat A. R. & Hershler R. (1993). "The prosobranch snail family Hydrobiidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): review of classification and supraspecific taxa". '' Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology'' 547: 1-94PDF This is an endangered species. The common name refers to Tumbling Creek Cave, a National Natural Landmark, in Taney County, Missouri, US Taxonomy The Tumbling Creek cavesnail was described as a new species by Leslie Hubricht in 1971, from specimens taken by David Culver, Thomas Aley, and Hubricht in 1969 and 1970. ''Antrobia culveri'' is the type species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angustopila Psammion
''Angustopila psammion'' is a species of land snail belonging to the subfamily Hypselostomatinae of the family Gastrocoptidae. It was described in 2022.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Angustopila psammion. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1556455 on 2022-02-05 This species was discovered by scientists scrutinising a small pothole-like cave located in northern Vietnam, according to the original description published in ''Contributions to Zoology''. According to ''National Geographic ''National Geographic'' (formerly ''The National Geographic Magazine'', sometimes branded as ''Nat Geo'') is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners. The magazine was founded in 1888 as a scholarly journal, nine ...'', this is the smallest species of land snail ever found. This species' shell measures 0.6 millimeters in diameter. In comparison to other land snails in its family, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amnicola Cora
''Amnicola cora'' is a species of very small freshwater snail which has an operculum, an aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusc in the family Amnicolidae. This species is endemic to Arkansas in the United States. Its natural habitat In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species' habitat can be seen as the physical manifestation of its ... is a single cave in Independence County, Arkansas. It is threatened by habitat alteration. References External links * * cora Gastropods described in 1979 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Endemic fauna of Arkansas {{Amnicolidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eupera Troglobia
''Eupera troglobia'' is a species of mollusc that lives in caves. The discovery of ''E. troglobia'' makes it the first troglobitic bivalve from the Americas (North America and South America). The holotype collected was named holotype MZSP 155717 and the paratype MZSP 155716. All were discovered in eastern subterranean Brazil at Casa Pedra cave 10°49'28.4''S, 49°37'16.5''W. Records of the species date back to 2006 in the technical report of Brazil's National Center of Cave Exploration and Conservation. Description ''Eupera trolobia'' adults are ~ in length and lack pigmentation in the soft parts and shell. The wall of the shell Shell may refer to: Architecture and design * Shell (structure), a thin structure ** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses Science Biology * Seashell, a hard outer layer of a marine ani ... is thin, making it fragile. It is translucent with a bit of light yellow or light greenish yellow. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congeria Mualomerovici
''Congeria'' is a genus of bivalves belonging to the family Dreissenidae. The species of this genus are found in Europe, the Americas. Species: *'' Congeria angustiformis'' *'' Congeria aquitanica'' *'' Congeria balatonica'' *'' Congeria banatica'' *'' Congeria birladensis'' *'' Congeria bittneri'' *'' Congeria bosniaskii'' *'' Congeria brandenburgi'' *'' Congeria brkici'' *'' Congeria byzantica'' *'' Congeria ceratodus'' *'' Congeria dubia'' *'' Congeria dubocaensis'' *'' Congeria flexuosa'' *'' Congeria florianii'' *'' Congeria getica'' *'' Congeria ghergutai'' *'' Congeria grsici'' *'' Congeria gundulici'' *'' Congeria hektorovici'' *'' Congeria hemiptycha'' *'' Congeria homoplatoides'' *'' Congeria ignobilis'' *'' Congeria infantula'' *'' Congeria inflata'' *'' Congeria jalzici'' *'' Congeria kusceri'' *'' Congeria latiuscula'' *'' Congeria leucippe'' *'' Congeria maorti'' *'' Congeria markovici'' *'' Congeria mediocarinata'' *'' Congeria mic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congeria Kusceri
''Congeria kusceri'' is a species of bivalve belonging to the family Dreissenidae. Per IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Founded in 1948, IUCN has become the global authority on the status ..., the species has the status "vulnerable". References Dreissenidae Bivalves described in 1962 IUCN Red List vulnerable species {{Bivalve-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congeria Jalzici
''Congeria'' is a genus of bivalves belonging to the family Dreissenidae. The species of this genus are found in Europe, the Americas. Species: *'' Congeria angustiformis'' *'' Congeria aquitanica'' *'' Congeria balatonica'' *'' Congeria banatica'' *'' Congeria birladensis'' *'' Congeria bittneri'' *'' Congeria bosniaskii'' *'' Congeria brandenburgi'' *'' Congeria brkici'' *'' Congeria byzantica'' *'' Congeria ceratodus'' *'' Congeria dubia'' *'' Congeria dubocaensis'' *'' Congeria flexuosa'' *'' Congeria florianii'' *'' Congeria getica'' *'' Congeria ghergutai'' *'' Congeria grsici'' *'' Congeria gundulici'' *'' Congeria hektorovici'' *'' Congeria hemiptycha'' *'' Congeria homoplatoides'' *'' Congeria ignobilis'' *'' Congeria infantula'' *'' Congeria inflata'' *'' Congeria jalzici'' *''Congeria kusceri'' *'' Congeria latiuscula'' *'' Congeria leucippe'' *'' Congeria maorti'' *'' Congeria markovici'' *'' Congeria mediocarinata'' *'' Congeria mich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
