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Trioecious
Trioecy , also spelled triecy, is a sexual system characterized by the coexistence of males, females, and hermaphrodites. It has been found in both plants and animals. Like androdioecy and gynodioecy, trioecy is a mixed mating systems. Terminology Trioecy is also called tridioecy and subdioecy . The term trioecy comes from the Neo-Latin word '' Trioecia'', a former order of trioecious plants. Evolution of trioecy Trioecy may be an unstable transient state associated with evolutionary transitioning from gynodioecy to dioecy. In brachiopod species, trioecy usually breaks into androdioecy or gynodioecy. Other studies show that trioecious populations originated from gonochoristic ancestors which were invaded by a mutant selfing hermaphrodite, creating a trioecious population. It has been suggested that chromosomal duplication plays an important part in the evolution of trioecy. But one study found that trioecy can be stable under nucleocytoplasmic sex determination. Another ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleodorina Starrii
''Pleodorina starrii'' is a species of algae that resides in freshwater in Japan. The name ''starri'' is in honor of phycologist Richard C. Starr. Since 2006 it has provided molecular genetic evidence for an evolutionary link between sexes and mating types. It was later confirmed to be the first reportedly trioecious haploid species. Description ''Pleodorina starrii'' is a colonial organism. The colonies are spherical or ellipsoidal and consist of 32 or 64 biflagellate cells embedded in the periphery of a gelatinous matrix, thus forming a hollow sphere. Cells are differentiated into somatic and reproductive cells; in 32-celled colonies, 8–12 of the cells are somatic while in 64-celled colonies, 18–20 of the cells are somatic. Somatic cells are nearly spherical, up to 13 μm in diameter, having a cup-shaped chloroplast with a single pyrenoid. Two contractile vacuoles are present near the base of the flagella, as well as several others near the cell surface. Reproductive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opuntia Robusta
''Opuntia robusta'', the wheel cactus, nopal tapon, or camuesa, is a species of cactus in the family Cactaceae. It is native and endemic to central and northern Mexico to within of the Arizona and New Mexico borders where it grow from on rocky slopes, open shrub lands, woodlands and mixed with other cactus and succulents. Description Plants are commonly around high, though they may grow to over high when supported. The flattened stem segments are fleshy, round and blue-grey in colour. These are up to in diameter and have the length of sharp spines up to . Yellow, sessile flowers with a fleshy base are produced on the edges of the upper stem segments. These are followed by barrel-shaped fleshy fruits which are pink or purple and up to long. ''Opuntia robusta'' has populations that are dioecious, hermaphrodite, or trioecious (containing male, female, and hermaphrodite individuals). Taxonomy The species was first formally described in 1837 in ''Enumeratio Diagnostica Cactear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuchsia Procumbens
''Fuchsia procumbens'' is a prostrate shrub that is endemic to coastal areas of the North Island (New Zealand), North Island of New Zealand. Common names include creeping fuchsia, climbing fuchsia or trailing fuchsia. Description Vegetative characteristics Its stems are slender, creeping, and weakly woody. They can climb heights of close to 1 m on small shrubs.Godley, E. J., & Berry, P. E. (1995)"The biology and systematics of ''Fuchsia'' in the South Pacific."Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 473-516. The circular, 7–12 mm big leaves, which are attached singly to the stem, have dentate leaf margins, as well as trichomes on the surface.''Fuchsia procumbens'' - The University of Auckland. (n.d.). Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.nzplants.auckland.ac.nz/en/about/seed-plants-flowering/onagraceae/fuchsia-procumbens.html Generative characteristics The erect, radially symmetrical flowers with a yellow floral tube do not have any petals. Instead, it has four sep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccoloba Cereifera
''Coccoloba cereifera'' is a rare species of flowering plant in the knotweed or buckwheat family Polygonaceae. The species is restricted to a single mountain, the Serra do Cipó, in southern Brazil. The species is notable for its expression of a trioecious sexual system A sexual system is a distribution of male and female functions across organisms in a species. The terms reproductive system and mating system have also been used as synonyms. Sexual systems play a key role in genetic variation and reproductive .... References cereifera Endemic flora of Brazil {{Polygonaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gonochorism
In biology, gonochorism is a sexual system where there are two Sex, sexes and each individual organism is either male or female. The term gonochorism is usually applied in animal species, the vast majority of which are gonochoric. Gonochorism contrasts with simultaneous hermaphroditism but it may be hard to tell if a species is gonochoric or Sequential hermaphroditism, sequentially hermaphroditic e.g. parrotfish, ''Patella ferruginea''. However, in gonochoric species individuals remain either male or female throughout their lives. Species that reproduce by Thelytokous, thelytokous parthenogenesis and do not have males can still be classified as gonochoric. Terminology The term is derived from Greek language, Greek ''gone'' 'generation' + ''chorizein'' 'to separate'. The term gonochorism originally came from German ''Gonochorismus''. Gonochorism is also referred to as unisexualism or gonochory. Evolution Gonochorism has Convergent evolution, evolved independently multiple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddleja Americana
''Buddleja americana'' is the most widespread of all the ''Buddleja'' species native to the Americas, its range extending south from Tamaulipas, Mexico, through Central America and much of the West Indies into South America, reaching eastward to Venezuela, westward as far as the Galapagos, and south to Bolivia. It occurs at elevations from sea level to 2500 m, in a variety of habitats, including cloud forest, mountain savanna, pine–oak forest, and rocky slopes near rivers. It also invades fields and roadsides.Norman, E. M. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Flora Neotropica 81'', New York Botanical Garden, USA The species was originally named and described by Linnaeus in 1753.Linnaeus, C. (1753). ''Sp. pl.'' 112. 1753. Description ''B. americana'' is a trioecious shrub, 2–5 m tall with light brown fissured bark. The young branches are sub quadrangular, and tomentose, bearing leaves which vary greatly in size, shape and indumentum. The inflorescences are 5–25 c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddleja Sessiliflora
''Buddleja sessiliflora'', commonly known as Rio Grande butterfly-bush or tepozán, native to southern Arizona and the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas in the United States as well as much of central and northern Mexico excluding the Chihuahua Desert and Baja California Sur. The shrub grows in thorn savannah, forests, riparian zones, along roadsides and in disturbed areas from sea level to 2,800 m. The species was first named and described by Kunth in 1818.Kunth, in Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth. (1818). ''Nov. gen. sp., ed. fol.'' 2:278, ed. quar. 2:345, t184, 1818.Norman, E. M. (2000). Buddlejaceae. ''Flora Neotropica 81''. New York Botanical Garden, USA Description ''Buddleja sessiliflora'' is a trioecious shrub or small tree 1.5 – 5 m tall, the trunk reaching < 7 cm diameter, bark is yellow-brown in colour and fissured. The young branches are subquadrangular, yellowish, the youngest sections |
Sexual System
A sexual system is a distribution of male and female functions across organisms in a species. The terms reproductive system and mating system have also been used as synonyms. Sexual systems play a key role in genetic variation and reproductive success, and may also have led to the origin or extinction of certain species. In flowering plants and animals, sexual reproduction involves meiosis, an adaptive process for repairing damage in the germline DNA transmitted to progeny. The distinctions between different sexual systems is not always clear due to phenotypic plasticity. Interest in sexual systems goes back to Charles Darwin, who found that barnacles include some species that are androdioecious and some that are dioecious. Types of sexual systems Flowering plants may have dimorphic or monomorphic sexual systems. In monomorphic sexual systems, a combination of hermaphrodite, male, and/or female flowers may be present on the same plant. Monomorphic sexual systems inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flowering Plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed within a fruit. The group was formerly called Magnoliophyta. Angiosperms are by far the most diverse group of Embryophyte, land plants with 64 Order (biology), orders, 416 Family (biology), families, approximately 13,000 known Genus, genera and 300,000 known species. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody Plant stem, stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of broad-leaved trees, shrubs and vines, and most aquatic plants. Angiosperms are distinguished from the other major seed plant clade, the gymnosperms, by having flowers, xylem consisting of vessel elements instead of tracheids, endosperm within their seeds, and fruits that completely envelop the seeds. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the commo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auanema Rhodensis
''Auanema'' is a genus of halophilic roundworms from the family Rhabditidae, first described by a group of biologists in 2017. It is found in Mono Lake in the US state of California, a lake of high salinity and can survive a level of arsenic dosage that is lethal to human. Description ''Auanema'' can survive in environments with an arsenic dosage of 500 times the lethal dosage for human. Certain species of this genus were observed to have three sexes: male, female and hermaphrodite. Species The genus has the following five species: * ''Auanema freiburgensis'' Kanzaki ''et al'', 2017 * ''Auanema reciproca ''Auanema'' is a genus of halophilic roundworms from the family Rhabditidae, first described by a group of biologists in 2017. It is found in Mono Lake in the US state of California, a lake of high salinity and can survive a level of arsenic d ...'' Sudhaus, 1974 * '' Auanema rhodensis'' Kanzaki ''et al'', 2017 * '' Auanema seurati'' Maupas, 1916 * '' Auanema viguier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aiptasia Diaphana
''Aiptasia diaphana'', commonly known as the yellow aiptasia or glasrose, is a species of sea anemone native to shallow waters in the temperate eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It has been introduced into the Red Sea. Description ''Aiptasia diaphana'' is a small sea anemone with a base diameter of up to , a column height of up to and an oral disc of . The column is yellowish-brown or brownish-green, smooth and retractable. The colour is somewhat variable because symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) are sometimes present in the tissues. The oral disc is transparent and bears, round the rim, four or five whorls of slender, pointed tentacles making a total of up to 160 tentacles. These are translucent with white bases, a distinguishing feature of this species. Distribution and habitat ''Aiptasia diaphana'' is native to the Atlantic coast of Portugal, the Canary Islands and throughout the Mediterranean Sea and has been introduced to the Red Sea. It is found on hard surfa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachycereus Pringlei
''Pachycereus pringlei'' (also known as Mexican giant cardon or elephant cactus) is a species of large cactus native to northwestern Mexico, in the states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, and Sonora. It is commonly known as ''cardón'', a name derived from the Spanish word ''cardo'', meaning "thistle"; additionally, it is often referred to as sabueso (or “bloodhound”), which is possibly an early Spanish interpretation of the native Seri term for the plant, xaasj. Large stands of this cactus still exist, but many have been destroyed as land has been cleared for cultivation in Sonora. Climate change will likely impact the future distribution of numerous plant species, including ''Pachycereus pringlei,'' which can be attributed to alterations in precipitation and temperature. The cactus fruits were always an important food for the Seri people, in Sonora; the dried cactus columns themselves could be used for construction purposes, as well as for firewood.* A symbiotic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
