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Trilophosaur
Trilophosaurs are lizard-like Triassic allokotosaur reptiles related to the archosaurs. The best known genus is '' Trilophosaurus'', a herbivore up to long. It had a short, unusually heavily built skull, equipped with massive, broad flattened cheek teeth with sharp shearing surfaces for cutting up tough plant material. Teeth are absent from the premaxilla and front of the lower jaw, which in life were probably equipped with a horny beak. The skull is also unusual in that the lower temporal opening is missing, giving the appearance of a euryapsid skull, and originally the Trilophosaurs were classified with placodonts and sauropterygia. Carroll (1988) suggests that the lower opening may have been lost to strengthen the skull. Trilophosaurs are so far known only from the Late Triassic of North America and Europe. Below is a cladogram showing the phylogenetic relationships of Trilophosauridae within Archosauromorpha Archosauromorpha ( Greek for "ruling lizard forms") is a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variodens
''Variodens'' is an extinct genus of trilophosaur. Fossils have been found from the Emborough Quarries in the Mendip Hills of Somerset, England. These fossils have been uncovered from a Late Triassic fissure fill within Carboniferous-age limestone. The type and only known species is ''V. inopinatus'', named in 1957. Description ''Variodens'' is unusual among most reptiles in that it has a heterodont dentition consisting of different types of teeth. The five anteriormost teeth at the front of the jaw are simple and conical in shape. The cheek teeth toward the back of the jaw are wide and have several cusps. They are either tricuspid or multicuspid. The anterior tricuspid teeth of ''Variodens'' are narrower medially (toward the inside of the mouth) than they are laterally (toward the outside of the mouth). ''Variodens'' also has distinctive bulbous-shaped penultimate teeth. The teeth of ''Variodens'' are very similar to the postcanine teeth of the cynodont '' Cricodon'' from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trilophosaurus Buettneri (1)
''Trilophosaurus'' (Greek for "lizard with three ridges") is a lizard-like trilophosaurid allokotosaur known from the Late Triassic of North America. It was a herbivore up to 2.5 m long. It had a short, unusually heavily built skull, equipped with massive, broad flattened cheek teeth with sharp shearing surfaces for cutting up tough plant material. Teeth are absent from the premaxilla and front of the lower jaw, which in life were probably equipped with a horny beak. The skull is also unusual in that the lower temporal opening is missing, giving the appearance of a euryapsid skull. Because of this, the trilophosaurs were once classified with placodonts within Sauropterygia. Carroll (1988) suggested that the lower opening may have been lost to strengthen the skull. ''Trilophosaurus'' is traditionally thought to include two valid species: the typical ''T. buettneri'' and the more robust ''T. jacobsi''. In 1993, paleontologists Hans-Dieter Sues and Paul E. Olsen reassigned '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spinosuchus
''Spinosuchus'' (meaning "spined crocodile") is an extinct genus of trilophosaurid allokotosaur from the Late Triassic of Texas, southern United States. It has been assigned to a variety of groups over its history, from coelophysid dinosaur to pseudosuchian to uncertain theropod dinosaur and to Proterosuchidae. This uncertainty is not unusual, given that it was only known from a poorly preserved, wall-mounted, partial vertebral column of an animal that lived in a time of diverse, poorly known reptile groups. However, newly collected material and recent phylogenetic studies of early archosauromorphs suggest that it represents an advanced trilophosaurid very closely related to ''Trilophosaurus''. History In 1922, Ermine Cowles Case described a partial vertebral column (UMMP 7507) he'd discovered in 1921 from the Tecovas Member of the Carnian-age Upper Triassic Dockum Formation of Crosby County, Texas, as ''Coelophysis'' sp. (''Coelophysis'' at that time also being poorly known). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tricuspisaurus
''Tricuspisaurus'' is an extinct genus of reptile originally described as a trilophosaurid; it was later considered likely to be a procolophonid, but recent analyses have affirmed the original classification. Fossils are known from the Ruthin Quarry in Glamorgan, Wales, one of several Late Triassic to Early Jurassic British fissure deposits. Like some trilophosaurs, it has an edentulous, or toothless beak. ''Tricuspisaurus'' gets its name from its heterodont dentition, which includes ''tricuspid'' teeth, or teeth with three cusps. The type species, ''T. thomasi'', was named in 1957 along with the possible trilophosaur '' Variodens inopinatus'' from Somerset, England. Although originally classified as a trilophosaur, ''Tricuspisaurus'' was reclassified as a procolophonid in 1993 by paleontologists Hans-Dieter Sues and Paul E. Olsen. This was due to similarities between its tricuspid teeth and those of the newly described procolophonid '' Xenodiphyodon''. Along with ''Tricuspisa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anisodontosaurus
''Anisodontosaurus'' is an extinct genus of trilophosaurid allokotosaur known from the Middle Triassic Moenkopi Formation of Arizona. The type species, ''A. greeri'', was named and described by Samuel Paul Welles in 1947,S. P. Welles. 1947. Vertebrates from the Upper Moenkopi Formation of northern Arizona. ''University of California Publications in Geological Sciences'' 27(7):241-294 and its taxonomic placement was largely unknown (placed within the Eosuchia by Welles in 1947) until the holotype was reassessed in 1988, when it was recovered as a lepidosauromorph Lepidosauromorpha (in PhyloCode known as ''Pan-Lepidosauria'') is a group of reptiles comprising all diapsids closer to lizards than to archosaurs (which include crocodiles and birds). The only living sub-group is the Lepidosauria, which contain ... or a trilophosaurid. The holotype, a jaw catalogued as UCMP V3922, was discovered in 1940 and was described seven years later. Apart from the type specimen, ''Anisodontosaur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coelodontognathus
''Coelodontognathus'' is an extinct genus of reptile from the Early Triassic (late Olenekian stage) of European Russia. It was originally described as a procolophonid parareptile in 1967 but was reclassified as a possible trilophosaurid archosauromorph in 2008. The genus includes two species: the type species ''C. donensis'' and ''C. ricovi''. ''C. donensis'' is known from the holotype PIN 4173/129 (SGU 104/3103) and the referred PIN 4173/130 (SGU 104/3104), and ''C. ricovi'' is known from the holotype PIN 4173/127 (SGU 104/3101) and the referred PIN 4173/128 (SGU 104/3102), all of which represent dentaries that are housed at the Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. Another dentary, SGU 104/3105, originally referred to ''C. donensis'' was reassigned to its own genus and species ''Vitalia grata'' by Ivakhnenko, 1973. The fossils have been found at the Donskaya Luka Locality near the village of Sirotinskaya and the Don River in Ilovlinsky District, Volgograd Oblas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doniceps
''Doniceps'' is an extinct genus of reptile from the Early Triassic (late Olenekian stage) of European Russia known from the type species ''D. lipovensis''. It was solely known from the holotype premaxilla 104/3106 housed at Saratov University, however the specimen is probably lost. It was collected at the Donskaya Luka Locality near the village of Sirotinskaya in Ilovlinsky District, Volgograd Oblast, from the Lipovskaya Formation of the Gamskii Horizon. The generic name refers to the nearby Don River added the Greek suffix for "head", ''-ceps''. The specific name is derived from the name of the type locality Donskaya Luka, also known as Lipovaya Balka. Named by Otschev and Rykov in 1968 as an archosauromorph, Arkhangelskii & Sennikov (2008) classified the taxon as a possible trilophosaurid. ''Doniceps'' is thought to be similar to '' Coelodontognathus'' and '' Vitalia'', both of which are known exclusively from the same locality and were first identified as procolophonid P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitalia
''Vitalia'' is an extinct genus of reptile from the Early Triassic (late Olenekian stage) of European Russia known from the type species ''V. grata''. It is known from the holotype dentary PIN 4173/126 (SGU 104/3105) as well as two additional dentaries PIN 1043/627 and 1043/628, all housed at the Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. The type dentary was originally included in the hypodigm of ''Coelodontognathus donensis'' named by the notable Russian vertebrate paleontologist Vitaliy Georgiyevich Ochev in 1967. Ivakhnenko (1973) separated the specimen and gave it its own genus and species name in light of the new material, which he named in honor of Ochev. The dentaries of ''Vitalia'' were collected at the Donskaya Luka Locality near the village of Sirotinskaya in Ilovlinsky District, Volgograd Oblast, from the Lipovskaya Formation of the Gamskii Horizon. Like ''Coelodontognathus'', ''Vitalia'' was originally described as a procolophonid parareptile in 1973, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teraterpeton
''Teraterpeton'' (meaning "wonderful creeping thing" in Greek) is an extinct genus of trilophosaurid archosauromorphs. It is known from a partial skeleton from the Late Triassic Wolfville Formation of Nova Scotia, described in 2003. It has many unique features seen in no other related form, including an elongated, toothless snout and large openings for the nostrils. Because of this, ''Teraterpeton'' was originally placed in its own family, Teraterpetidae, related to '' Trilophosaurus''. Newer studies generally place it within Trilophosauridae. Description Skull ''Teraterpeton'' had an unusual appearance compared to other early archosauromorphs. Members of the genus had a long skull with no teeth at the ends of the upper and lower jaws. Over each eye socket is a bony projection formed by the lacrimal and prefrontal bones. At the back of the jaws are a set of small, sharp, closely spaced teeth. They continue below the level of the eye, an unusual trait among early archosaur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allokotosaur
Allokotosauria is a clade of early archosauromorph reptiles from the Middle to Late Triassic known from Asia, Africa, North America and Europe. Allokotosauria was first described and named when a new monophyletic grouping of specialized herbivorous archosauromorphs was recovered by Sterling J. Nesbitt, John J. Flynn, Adam C. Pritchard, J. Michael Parrish, Lovasoa Ranivoharimanana and André R. Wyss in 2015. The name Allokotosauria is derived from Greek meaning "strange reptiles" in reference to unexpected grouping of early archosauromorph with a high disparity of features typically associated with herbivory. History Nesbitt ''et al.'' (2015) defined the group as a stem-based taxon containing '' Azendohsaurus madagaskarensis'' and ''Trilophosaurus buettneri'' and all taxa more closely related to them than to '' Tanystropheus longobardicus'', '' Proterosuchus fergusi'', '' Protorosaurus speneri'' or '' Rhynchosaurus articeps''. Therefore, Allokotosauria includes the families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archosauromorpha
Archosauromorpha ( Greek for "ruling lizard forms") is a clade of diapsid reptiles containing all reptiles more closely related to archosaurs (such as crocodilians and dinosaurs, including birds) rather than lepidosaurs (such as tuataras, lizards, and snakes). Archosauromorphs first appeared during the late Middle Permian or Late Permian, though they became much more common and diverse during the Triassic period. Although Archosauromorpha was first named in 1946, its membership did not become well-established until the 1980s. Currently Archosauromorpha encompasses four main groups of reptiles: the stocky, herbivorous allokotosaurs and rhynchosaurs, the hugely diverse Archosauriformes, and a polyphyletic grouping of various long-necked reptiles including '' Protorosaurus'', tanystropheids, and '' Prolacerta''. Other groups including pantestudines ( turtles and their extinct relatives) and the semiaquatic choristoderes have also been placed in Archosauromorpha by some a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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