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Tremulant
__NOTOC__ A tremulant (; , , ) is a device on a pipe organ which varies the wind supply to the pipes of one or more divisions (or, in some cases, the whole organ). This causes their amplitude and pitch to fluctuate, producing a tremolo and vibrato effect. A large organ may have several tremulants, affecting different ranks (sets) of pipes. Many tremulants are variable, allowing for the speed and depth of tremolo to be controlled by the organist. The tremulant has been a part of organ building for many centuries, dating back to Italian organs of the sixteenth century. The tremulant should not be confused with the celeste, which consists of two distinct ranks of pipes, one tuned slightly sharp or flat from the other, producing an undulating effect when they are used together. Construction The simplest kind of tremulant is a weighted electric motor affixed to the top of the reservoir for the division. When activated, the spinning of the motor causes the reservoir to shake, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tremolo
In music, ''tremolo'' (), or ''tremolando'' (), is a trembling effect. There are multiple types of tremolo: a rapid repetition of a note, an alternation between two different notes, or a variation in volume. Tremolos may be either ''measured'', in which the exact rate of repetition or oscillation is specified, or ''unmeasured'', in which it is not (the understanding being in that case that it should be performed as rapidly as possible). Types of tremolo Rapid reiteration or oscillation The rapid reiteration of a single Musical note, note is a characteristic effect of String instrument#Bowing, bowed string instruments, obtained by rapidly moving the bow back and forth. However, the technique may be performed on any instrument on which it is practicable. (Indeed, a slow measured tremolo is simply a shorthand notation for an ordinary repetition of notes; thus, tremolo notation may appear in written music for any instrument.) The notation for this effect consists of one or mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vibrato
Vibrato (Italian language, Italian, from past participle of "wikt:vibrare, vibrare", to vibrate) is a musical effect consisting of a regular, pulsating change of pitch (music), pitch. It is used to add expression to vocal and instrumental music. Vibrato is typically characterized in terms of two factors: the amount of pitch variation ("extent of vibrato") and the speed with which the pitch is varied ("rate of vibrato"). In singing, it can occur spontaneously through variations in the larynx. The vibrato of a string instrument and wind instrument is an imitation of that vocal function. Vibrato can also be reproduced mechanically (Leslie speaker) or electronically as an Audio signal processing, audio effect close to Chorus (audio effect), chorus. Terminology History Descriptions of what would now be characterised as vibrato go back to the 16th century. However, no evidence exists of authors using the term vibrato before the 19th century. Instead, authors used various descrip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vox Humana
The vox humana (; Spanish and ; ; , also a term for a ''celeste'' stop, q.v.) is a short-resonator reed stop on the pipe organ, so named because of its supposed resemblance to the human voice. As a rule, the stop is used with a tremulant, which undulates the wind supply, causing a vibrato effect. The vox humana is intended to evoke the impression of a singing choir or soloist, though the success of this intent depends as much upon the acoustics of the room in which the organ speaks as it does the voicing of the pipes. It is almost invariably at 8 ft pitch, though on theater organs it is not uncommon to encounter a chorus of vox humana stops unified at 16 ft, 8 ft and occasionally 4 ft pitch on the Great manual and 8 ft and 4 ft pitch on the Accompaniment manual. The vox humana is one of the oldest reeds in organ building, based on its appearance in very early instruments. It is common on French classical organs in the 17th and 18th centuries, where it was used as a solo vo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salomon De Caus
Salomon de Caus (1576, Dieppe – 1626, Paris) was a French Huguenot engineer, once (falsely) credited with the development of the steam engine. Biography Caus was the elder brother of Isaac de Caus. Being a Huguenot, Caus spent his life moving across Europe. He worked as a hydraulic engineer and architect under Louis XIII. Caus also designed gardens in England, that of Somerset House among them; also, the Hortus Palatinus, or Garden of the Palatinate, in Heidelberg, Germany. Caus arrived in England late in 1610 or in the first months of 1611. His first royal patron was Anne of Denmark or her son, Prince Henry who granted him a pension of £100 in 1610. Anne of Denmark made him a groom of her chamber, with the authors Samuel Daniel and John Florio. In November 1611 Caus was advising the Earl of Salisbury at Hatfield House. He is described in the exchequer records beginning in 1611 or 1612 (the date is uncertain) as "Gardener to the Queen". He designed a fountain for the eas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pittsford (village), New York
Pittsford is a village in Monroe County, New York, United States. The population was 1,419 at the 2020 census. It is named after Pittsford, Vermont, the native town of a founding father. It is the oldest village in New York, incorporated in 1827. The village, an Erie Canal community, is in the town of Pittsford and is a suburb of Rochester. History Pittsford is the oldest of Monroe County's ten incorporated villages. The village was the site of a spring-fed pond which attracted the first European Americans. Israel Stone, the village's first settler, built the village's first structure, a log house next to the pond, in 1789. The town of Pittsford surrounding the village was established in 1789 and was originally named "Northfield". Pittsford's original hamlet settlement was located a mile south of the current village. In the second decade of the nineteenth century the opening of a new east–west highway (now NYS Route 31) and the surveying of the proposed Erie Canal route ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Presbyterian Church (Pittsford, New York)
First Presbyterian Church (and variations such as Old First Presbyterian Church or First Presbyterian Church and Rectory) may refer to: Canada *First Presbyterian Church (Edmonton), Alberta Thailand *First Presbyterian Church, Samray, in Bangkok United States Alabama *First Presbyterian Church (Birmingham, Alabama) *First Presbyterian Church (Eutaw, Alabama) *First Presbyterian Church (Greenville, Alabama) *First Presbyterian Church (Jacksonville, Alabama) *First Presbyterian Church (Talladega, Alabama) *First Presbyterian Church of Wetumpka Arizona *First Presbyterian Church of Florence *First Presbyterian Church (Phoenix, Arizona) Arkansas *First Presbyterian Church (Clarksville, Arkansas) *First Presbyterian Church (Dardanelle, Arkansas) **Berry House (Dardanelle, Arkansas), the previous building used by the church *First Presbyterian Church (DeQueen, Arkansas) *First Presbyterian Church (Des Arc, Arkansas) *First Presbyterian Church (El Dorado, Arkansas) *First Presbyterian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a mainly continental climate, and an area of with a population of 19 million people. Romania is the List of European countries by area, twelfth-largest country in Europe and the List of European Union member states by population, sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Europe's second-longest river, the Danube, empties into the Danube Delta in the southeast of the country. The Carpathian Mountains cross Romania from the north to the southwest and include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of . Bucharest is the country's Bucharest metropolitan area, largest urban area and Economy of Romania, financial centre. Other major urban centers, urban areas include Cluj-Napoca, Timiș ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swell Box
In a pipe organ, the swell box, "Swell" (German: ";" French: "") is an enclosed space that has adjustable shades (often referred to as "swell shades") that open to the listening space in a similar manner to Venetian window blinds. When open, these shades allow the pipes' sounds to travel freely from the box to the room. When closed, most of the sound is contained in the box; the moveable shades provide a means of adjusting the loudness of the sound, and perhaps more importantly, of gradual crescendo ("swelling") and decrescendo. Operation of the shades is done with a hinged pedal ("swell pedal" or "expression pedal") at the console. In modern organs, this pedal is usually mechanically balanced such that it stays at whatever position the organist moves it to. Higher frequencies are affected more by the shades than lower frequencies, so opening them not only provides more volume, but more brilliance. This "swelling" is what gives the swell division in an organ its name, although ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reed Organ
The pump organ or reed organ is a type of organ that uses free reeds to generate sound, with air passing over vibrating thin metal strips mounted in a frame. Types include the pressure-based harmonium, the suction reed organ (which employs a vacuum system), and the Indian harmonium. Historical examples include the ''Kunstharmonium'' and the American reed organ, while earlier forms include the physharmonica and the seraphine. More portable than pipe organs, free-reed organs became widespread in smaller churches and private homes during the 19th century, although their volume and tonal range were limited. They generally featured one, or occasionally two, manuals, while pedal-boards were rare. Higher-end pump organs offered a broader range of tones, and models intended for churches or affluent households were often housed in finely crafted cabinets. Between the 1850s and the 1920s, several million reed organs and melodeons were manufactured in the United States and Canada ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
