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Transmission Block
In telecommunications, the term transmission block has the following meanings: #A group of characters or bits transmitted as a block, unit, message, or packet. It usually includes additional encoded characters for error detection and correction. #In data transmission, a group of records sent, processed, or recorded as a unit. Some protocols require each transmission block to end with an end-of-message marker. This is often a control character such as End-of-Text (ETX), End-of-Transmission-Block (ETB), or End-of-Transmission (EOT). Some protocols (especially those requiring ETX) require each transmission block to begin with a Start-of-Text character (STX). See also *Frame (networking) *Network packet In telecommunications and computer networking, a network packet is a formatted unit of Data (computing), data carried by a packet-switched network. A packet consists of control information and user data; the latter is also known as the ''Payload ... References *{{FS1037C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telecommunications
Telecommunication, often used in its plural form or abbreviated as telecom, is the transmission of information over a distance using electronic means, typically through cables, radio waves, or other communication technologies. These means of transmission may be divided into communication channels for multiplexing, allowing for a single medium to transmit several concurrent Session (computer science), communication sessions. Long-distance technologies invented during the 20th and 21st centuries generally use electric power, and include the electrical telegraph, telegraph, telephone, television, and radio. Early telecommunication networks used metal wires as the medium for transmitting signals. These networks were used for telegraphy and telephony for many decades. In the first decade of the 20th century, a revolution in wireless communication began with breakthroughs including those made in radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi, who won the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics. Othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Character (computing)
In computing and telecommunications, a character is the internal representation of a character (symbol) used within a computer or system. Examples of characters include letters, numerical digits, punctuation marks (such as "." or "-"), and whitespace. The concept also includes control characters, which do not correspond to visible symbols but rather to instructions to format or process the text. Examples of control characters include carriage return and tab as well as other instructions to printers or other devices that display or otherwise process text. Characters are typically combined into '' strings''. Historically, the term ''character'' was used to denote a specific number of contiguous bits. While a character is most commonly assumed to refer to 8 bits (one byte) today, other options like the 6-bit character code were once popular, and the 5-bit Baudot code has been used in the past as well. The term has even been applied to 4 bits with only 16 possible valu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Block (telecommunications)
In telecommunications a block is one of: * A group of bits or digits that is transmitted as a unit and that may be encoded for error-control purposes. * A string of records, words, or characters, that for technical or logical purposes are treated as a unit. Blocks (a) are separated by interblock gaps, (b) are delimited by an end-of-block signal, and (c) may contain one or more records. A block is usually subjected to some type of block processing, such as multidimensional parity checking, associated with it. A block transfer attempt is a coordinated sequence of user and telecommunication system activities undertaken to effect transfer of an individual block from a source user to a destination user. A block transfer attempt begins when the first bit of the block crosses the functional interface between the source user and the telecommunication system. A block transfer attempt ends either in ''successful block transfer'' or in ''block transfer failure''. Successful block transfer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Message
A message is a unit of communication that conveys information from a sender to a receiver. It can be transmitted through various forms, such as spoken or written words, signals, or electronic data, and can range from simple instructions to complex information. The consumption of the message relies on how the recipient interprets the message, there are times where the recipient contradicts the intention of the message which results in a boomerang effect. Message fatigue is another outcome recipients can obtain if a message is conveyed too much by the source. One example of a message is a press release, which may vary from a brief report or statement released by a public agency to commercial publicity material. Another example of a message is how they are portrayed to a consumer via an advertisement. History Roles in human communication In communication between humans, messages can be verbal or nonverbal: * A verbal message is an exchange of information using words. Exa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Network Packet
In telecommunications and computer networking, a network packet is a formatted unit of Data (computing), data carried by a packet-switched network. A packet consists of control information and user data; the latter is also known as the ''Payload (computing), payload''. Control information provides data for delivering the payload (e.g., source and destination network addresses, error detection codes, or sequencing information). Typically, control information is found in packet Header (computing), headers and Trailer (computing), trailers. In packet switching, the Bandwidth (computing), bandwidth of the transmission medium is shared between multiple communication sessions, in contrast to circuit switching, in which circuits are preallocated for the duration of one session and data is typically transmitted as a continuous bit stream. Terminology In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, ''packet'' strictly refers to a protocol data unit at layer 3, the network layer. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Error Detection And Correction
In information theory and coding theory with applications in computer science and telecommunications, error detection and correction (EDAC) or error control are techniques that enable reliable delivery of digital data over unreliable communication channels. Many communication channels are subject to channel noise, and thus errors may be introduced during transmission from the source to a receiver. Error detection techniques allow detecting such errors, while error correction enables reconstruction of the original data in many cases. Definitions ''Error detection'' is the detection of errors caused by noise or other impairments during transmission from the transmitter to the receiver. ''Error correction'' is the detection of errors and reconstruction of the original, error-free data. History In classical antiquity, copyists of the Hebrew Bible were paid for their work according to the number of stichs (lines of verse). As the prose books of the Bible were hardly ever w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Transmission
Data communication, including data transmission and data reception, is the transfer of data, signal transmission, transmitted and received over a Point-to-point (telecommunications), point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel. Examples of such channels are copper wires, optical fibers, wireless communication using radio spectrum, storage media and computer buses. The data are represented as an electromagnetic signal, such as an electrical voltage, radiowave, microwave, or infrared signal. ''Analog transmission'' is a method of conveying voice, data, image, signal or video information using a continuous signal that varies in amplitude, phase, or some other property in proportion to that of a variable. The messages are either represented by a sequence of pulses by means of a line code (''baseband transmission''), or by a limited set of continuously varying waveforms (''passband transmission''), using a digital modulation method. The passband modulation and cor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
End Of Message
End of message or EOM (as in "(EOM)" or "") signifies the end of a message, often an e-mail message.LifehackerHow "EOM" Makes Your Email More Efficient/ref> Usage The subject of an e-mail message may contain such an abbreviation to signify that all content is in the subject line so that the message itself does not need to be opened (e.g., "No classes Monday (EOM)" or "Midterm delayed "). This practice can save the time of the receiver and has been recommended to increase productivity. EOM can also be used in conjunction with ''no reply necessary'', or NRN, to signify that the sender does not require (or would prefer not to receive) a response (e.g., "Campaign has launched (EOM/NRN)") or ''reply requested'' or RR to signify that the sender wishes a response (e.g., "Got a minute? (EOM/RR)"). These are examples of Internet slang. EOM is often used this way, as a synonym to NRN, in blogs and forums online. It is often a snide way for commenters to imply that their message is so pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Control Character
In computing and telecommunications, a control character or non-printing character (NPC) is a code point in a character encoding, character set that does not represent a written Character (computing), character or symbol. They are used as in-band signaling to cause effects other than the addition of a symbol to the text. All other characters are mainly ''graphic characters'', also known as ''printing characters'' (or ''printable characters''), except perhaps for "space (punctuation), space" characters. In the ASCII standard there are 33 control characters, such as code 7, , which rings a terminal bell. History Prosigns for Morse code, Procedural signs in Morse code are a form of control character. A form of control characters were introduced in the 1870 Baudot code: NUL and DEL. The 1901 Murray code added the carriage return (CR) and line feed (LF), and other versions of the Baudot code included other control characters. The bell character (BEL), which rang a bell to alert op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
End-of-Transmission-Block Character
End-of-Transmission-Block (ETB) is a communications control character used to indicate the end of a block of data for communications purposes. ETB is used for segmenting data into blocks when the block structure is not necessarily related to the processing function. In ASCII, ETB is code point 23 (0x17, or in caret notation) in the C0 control code set. In EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC; ) is an eight- bit character encoding used mainly on IBM mainframe and IBM midrange computer operating systems. It descended from the code used with punched cards and the corresponding si ..., ETB is code point 0x26. Unicode also includes a character for the visual representation of the character: . References *Nichols A., Nichols et al.: ''Data Communications for Microcomputers'' (1982) ASCII Control characters {{Compu-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
End-of-Transmission Character
In telecommunications, an End-of-Transmission character (EOT) is a transmission (telecommunications), transmission control character. Its intended use is to indicate the conclusion of a transmission that may have included one or more texts and any associated message headings. An EOT is often used to initiate other functions, such as releasing circuits, disconnecting terminals, or placing receive terminals in a standby (electricity), standby condition. Its most common use today is to cause a Unix computer terminal, terminal driver to signal end of file and thus exit programs that are awaiting input. In ASCII and Unicode, the character is encoded at . It can be referred to as , in caret notation. Unicode provides the character for when EOT needs to be displayed graphically. In addition, can also be used as a graphic representation of EOT; it is defined in Unicode as "symbol for End of Transmission". Meaning in Unix The EOT character in Unix is different from the Control-Z in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
